液压支架中压力变送器及其检测系统研究
|
摘要
压力变送器是液压支架电液控制系统的重要组成部分，对液压支架压力的监测和液压支架动作的控制起非常重要的作用。目前国内传统的压力变送器质量上难以满足要求，进口的高质量压力变送器价格昂贵，设计一种满足液压支架压力监测的变送器对于电液控制系统的实现有重要意义。
本课题所设计的压力变送器与一般变送器比较，有两大特点：由于变送器的工作环境有冲击载荷和爆炸性气体存在，所以在结构上要求设计一阻尼孔，以减小对传感器的冲击；在电路上要求设计为本安电路，保证工作安全。
本论文阐述了国内外压力变送器的发展状况及它的组成和工作原理，分析了液压支架的工作环境和压力变化情况，对压力变送器提出了技术要求。比较了液压支架用压力传感器的种类和性能，根据压力传感器的选用原则，设计了一压阻式压力变送器。论述了压阻式压力传感器的结构，研究了PA-8压力传感器的供电方式，通过对所用元器件进行选型，设计了完整的恒流源供电电路。从零点温度漂移和灵敏度温度漂移两个方面分析了压力传感器的温度误差，提出补偿方案，设计了补偿电路。设计了信号调理电路，用PROTEL软件进行了电路仿真，分析了压力变送器的静态性能、动态性能和本安性能。
研究了模拟信号的数据采集电路，选用单片机ATmega16做为控制核心，确定了采样频率，采样／保持电路采集回的压力信号通过A／D转换电路转换为数字信号，分析了数字滤波的方法，把中值滤波和算术平均值滤波两种方法结合起来对压力信号进行复合滤波，通过标度变换程序把数字量转换为易于显示和分析的压力值。
本论文设计的压力变送器及其检测系统精度高，响应速度快，满足液压支架对变送器的要求，适合于液压支架对压力的监测。
Pressure transmitter is a important part in the electro-hydraulic control system of the support, it is important to monitor pressure and control action of the support. Pressure transmitter made in our country cann't meet the requirement in the properties, however, inward transmitter is precious, so, to design a pressure transmitter which can meet the requirement of the support is important to realize the electro-hydraulic control system.
Compared to other pressure transmitter, the transmitter has two features, due to the existence of impact load and explosive gas in the work circumstance, so, hole of damping is needed to reduce the impact, the circuit is required to be safe essentially.
Momentum of development, composition and operating principle of the foreign and national transmitter are represent, work environment of support and variation of pressure are analized, technical requirement of pressure transmitter is put forward . Classification and property of hydraumatic pressure sensor are compared, according to the preferred principle of pressure sensor, piezoresistive pressure transmitter is designed . Struction of piezoresistive pressure sensor is discussed, method of current supply of PA-8 pressure sensor is researched, though the lectotype of device, constant-current source circuit is designed. The temperature error is elaborated in detail in zero drift and sensitity drift aspects , method of compensation is suggested, and, compensation circuit is designed. Singal conditioning circuit is designed, circuit is simulated by software PROTEL, the static performance analyse and essence safety analyse are made.
Data collection circuit of analog signals is researched, singlechip ATmega16 is chose to be control core, sampling frequency is determined, pressure signal coming from sampling/keeping circuit is transformed to be digital signal through A/D convertion circuit, method of digital filter is analized, median filter and arithmetical mean filter are band together to be complex filter for filtering pressure signal, digital is converted to pressure value which is prone to display and analyse through csale conversion program.
The pressure transmitter and its measurement system of the paper have high precision and rapid response speed, requirement suggested by support is meet, so, it is fit for monitoring pressure of support .
本课题所设计的压力变送器与一般变送器比较，有两大特点：由于变送器的工作环境有冲击载荷和爆炸性气体存在，所以在结构上要求设计一阻尼孔，以减小对传感器的冲击；在电路上要求设计为本安电路，保证工作安全。
本论文阐述了国内外压力变送器的发展状况及它的组成和工作原理，分析了液压支架的工作环境和压力变化情况，对压力变送器提出了技术要求。比较了液压支架用压力传感器的种类和性能，根据压力传感器的选用原则，设计了一压阻式压力变送器。论述了压阻式压力传感器的结构，研究了PA-8压力传感器的供电方式，通过对所用元器件进行选型，设计了完整的恒流源供电电路。从零点温度漂移和灵敏度温度漂移两个方面分析了压力传感器的温度误差，提出补偿方案，设计了补偿电路。设计了信号调理电路，用PROTEL软件进行了电路仿真，分析了压力变送器的静态性能、动态性能和本安性能。
研究了模拟信号的数据采集电路，选用单片机ATmega16做为控制核心，确定了采样频率，采样／保持电路采集回的压力信号通过A／D转换电路转换为数字信号，分析了数字滤波的方法，把中值滤波和算术平均值滤波两种方法结合起来对压力信号进行复合滤波，通过标度变换程序把数字量转换为易于显示和分析的压力值。
本论文设计的压力变送器及其检测系统精度高，响应速度快，满足液压支架对变送器的要求，适合于液压支架对压力的监测。
Pressure transmitter is a important part in the electro-hydraulic control system of the support, it is important to monitor pressure and control action of the support. Pressure transmitter made in our country cann't meet the requirement in the properties, however, inward transmitter is precious, so, to design a pressure transmitter which can meet the requirement of the support is important to realize the electro-hydraulic control system.
Compared to other pressure transmitter, the transmitter has two features, due to the existence of impact load and explosive gas in the work circumstance, so, hole of damping is needed to reduce the impact, the circuit is required to be safe essentially.
Momentum of development, composition and operating principle of the foreign and national transmitter are represent, work environment of support and variation of pressure are analized, technical requirement of pressure transmitter is put forward . Classification and property of hydraumatic pressure sensor are compared, according to the preferred principle of pressure sensor, piezoresistive pressure transmitter is designed . Struction of piezoresistive pressure sensor is discussed, method of current supply of PA-8 pressure sensor is researched, though the lectotype of device, constant-current source circuit is designed. The temperature error is elaborated in detail in zero drift and sensitity drift aspects , method of compensation is suggested, and, compensation circuit is designed. Singal conditioning circuit is designed, circuit is simulated by software PROTEL, the static performance analyse and essence safety analyse are made.
Data collection circuit of analog signals is researched, singlechip ATmega16 is chose to be control core, sampling frequency is determined, pressure signal coming from sampling/keeping circuit is transformed to be digital signal through A/D convertion circuit, method of digital filter is analized, median filter and arithmetical mean filter are band together to be complex filter for filtering pressure signal, digital is converted to pressure value which is prone to display and analyse through csale conversion program.
The pressure transmitter and its measurement system of the paper have high precision and rapid response speed, requirement suggested by support is meet, so, it is fit for monitoring pressure of support .
引文
[1] 王国彪，饶明杰，《液压支架优化设计与计算机模拟分析》，北京，机械工业出版社，1994
[2] 戴绍诚，李世文，李芬等，《高产高效综合机械化采煤技术与装备》，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1997
[3] Shield Support Systems of DBT, Custom Designed Shield Support Systems for Longwall Application, 2005, 1
[4] 蒋敦斌，李文英，《非电量测量与传感器应用》，北京，国防工业出版社，2005
[5] 赵文武，液压用压力传感器及其选用，液压与气动，2001，10，23-24
[6] 刘洋，邹同华，刘峻，压力变送器的研究和发展现状，通用机械，2005，2，44-46
[7] 寇子明，《液压支架动态特性分析与检测》，北京，冶金工业出版社，1996
[8] 凌永发，王杰，压力传感器的选择与应用，云南民族大学学报，2003，12(3)，192-194
[9] 陈颜军，半导体压阻式传感器的应用，煤炭工程，2005，4，71-72
[10] 刘文光，硅压阻式轮胎气压传感器电路设计，轮胎工业，2006，26，299-301
[11] MOSSER V, SUSKI J, GOSS J, Piezoresistive pressure sensors based on polycrystalline silicon [J], Sensors and Actuator A, 1991, 28(2), 113-132
[12] 彭春文，朱红杰，付世平等，OEM硅压力传感器温度补偿技术研究，传感器技术，2000，7，9-10
[13] YOUNG-TAE, Compensation method of offset and its temperature drift in silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor using double wheatstone-bfidge configuration [A], The 8th Int conf on Solid2 State Sensors and Actuators and Eurosensors[C], IX, Stock2 holm,1995
[14] Xie Sen, Improve the precision of the silicon pressure cell, IEEE Industry Application society Annual Meeting, 1992, 1655-1658
[15] ANALOG DEVICES, Low Cost Instrumentation Amplifier AD622, 1999
[16] 冯新强，刘福强，蒋晓颖等译，《仪表放大器应用工程师指南》，美国模拟器件公司
[17] Analog Devices, Systems Application Guide, Chapter 1, 21-55, Incorporated,Norwood, MA, 1993
[18] 才滢，毕鹏，压阻式压力传感器及其应用电路设计，测量与检修，2002，22(5)，13
[19] C.Kitchin and L.Counts, Instrumentation Amplifier Application Guide, Analog Devices, Incorporated, Norwood, MA, 1991
[20] Analog Devices, 1992 Amplifier Applications Guide, 1992
[21] 吴正毅，《测试技术与测试信号处理》，北京，清华大学出版社，1991藤敏，扩散硅压力传感器零点温漂补偿的简便方法，南都学坛，1998，18(6)，43-46
[22] Naional Semiconductor，Lm358 Low Power Dual Operational Amplifier，1999
[23] 李刚，王艳林，孙江宏，《Protel DXP电路设计标准教程》，北京，清华大学出版社，2005
[24] 杨敏官，王军锋，罗惕乾，《流体机械内部流动测量技术》，北京，机械工业出版社，2006
[25] 兴自中，杨宝祥，本安电路设计的基本原则和方法，专述，8-15
[26] 商立群，本质安全电路及其研究，仪器仪表学报，2002，23(3)，817-818
[27] 吴道悌，《非电量电测技术》，西安，西安交通大学出版社，2001(2)
[28] 孙传友，孙晓斌，汉泽西，《测控系统原理与设计》，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[29] 刘扬超，孙慎言，李巍巍，Atmega16在开关磁阻电机调速系统中的应用，国外电子元器件，2005，2，4-6
[30] ATmel，ATmegal6，ATmega16(L)Preliminary，Rev．2466A-08/01
[31] 陈曦，扩散硅压力传感器及其温度补偿，自动化仪表，1997，18(2)，36-38
[32] 寇攀峰，吕强中，合理选择基于单片机的数字滤波方法，微处理机，2004，1，51-53
[33] 崔加前，李长安，宋秀磊，单片机中数字滤波算法的实现，电脑学习，2006，1，43-44
[34] 温景国，武兴华，单片机测控系统中的信号变换问题，太原理工大学学报，1999，30(2)，124-126
[2] 戴绍诚，李世文，李芬等，《高产高效综合机械化采煤技术与装备》，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1997
[3] Shield Support Systems of DBT, Custom Designed Shield Support Systems for Longwall Application, 2005, 1
[4] 蒋敦斌，李文英，《非电量测量与传感器应用》，北京，国防工业出版社，2005
[5] 赵文武，液压用压力传感器及其选用，液压与气动，2001，10，23-24
[6] 刘洋，邹同华，刘峻，压力变送器的研究和发展现状，通用机械，2005，2，44-46
[7] 寇子明，《液压支架动态特性分析与检测》，北京，冶金工业出版社，1996
[8] 凌永发，王杰，压力传感器的选择与应用，云南民族大学学报，2003，12(3)，192-194
[9] 陈颜军，半导体压阻式传感器的应用，煤炭工程，2005，4，71-72
[10] 刘文光，硅压阻式轮胎气压传感器电路设计，轮胎工业，2006，26，299-301
[11] MOSSER V, SUSKI J, GOSS J, Piezoresistive pressure sensors based on polycrystalline silicon [J], Sensors and Actuator A, 1991, 28(2), 113-132
[12] 彭春文，朱红杰，付世平等，OEM硅压力传感器温度补偿技术研究，传感器技术，2000，7，9-10
[13] YOUNG-TAE, Compensation method of offset and its temperature drift in silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor using double wheatstone-bfidge configuration [A], The 8th Int conf on Solid2 State Sensors and Actuators and Eurosensors[C], IX, Stock2 holm,1995
[14] Xie Sen, Improve the precision of the silicon pressure cell, IEEE Industry Application society Annual Meeting, 1992, 1655-1658
[15] ANALOG DEVICES, Low Cost Instrumentation Amplifier AD622, 1999
[16] 冯新强，刘福强，蒋晓颖等译，《仪表放大器应用工程师指南》，美国模拟器件公司
[17] Analog Devices, Systems Application Guide, Chapter 1, 21-55, Incorporated,Norwood, MA, 1993
[18] 才滢，毕鹏，压阻式压力传感器及其应用电路设计，测量与检修，2002，22(5)，13
[19] C.Kitchin and L.Counts, Instrumentation Amplifier Application Guide, Analog Devices, Incorporated, Norwood, MA, 1991
[20] Analog Devices, 1992 Amplifier Applications Guide, 1992
[21] 吴正毅，《测试技术与测试信号处理》，北京，清华大学出版社，1991藤敏，扩散硅压力传感器零点温漂补偿的简便方法，南都学坛，1998，18(6)，43-46
[22] Naional Semiconductor，Lm358 Low Power Dual Operational Amplifier，1999
[23] 李刚，王艳林，孙江宏，《Protel DXP电路设计标准教程》，北京，清华大学出版社，2005
[24] 杨敏官，王军锋，罗惕乾，《流体机械内部流动测量技术》，北京，机械工业出版社，2006
[25] 兴自中，杨宝祥，本安电路设计的基本原则和方法，专述，8-15
[26] 商立群，本质安全电路及其研究，仪器仪表学报，2002，23(3)，817-818
[27] 吴道悌，《非电量电测技术》，西安，西安交通大学出版社，2001(2)
[28] 孙传友，孙晓斌，汉泽西，《测控系统原理与设计》，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[29] 刘扬超，孙慎言，李巍巍，Atmega16在开关磁阻电机调速系统中的应用，国外电子元器件，2005，2，4-6
[30] ATmel，ATmegal6，ATmega16(L)Preliminary，Rev．2466A-08/01
[31] 陈曦，扩散硅压力传感器及其温度补偿，自动化仪表，1997，18(2)，36-38
[32] 寇攀峰，吕强中，合理选择基于单片机的数字滤波方法，微处理机，2004，1，51-53
[33] 崔加前，李长安，宋秀磊，单片机中数字滤波算法的实现，电脑学习，2006，1，43-44
[34] 温景国，武兴华，单片机测控系统中的信号变换问题，太原理工大学学报，1999，30(2)，124-126