嵌入式以太网设备接入INTERNET的研究
摘要
随着网络时代的深入,Internet已经成为重要的基础信息设施,越来越多的设备需要接入Internet,射频IC卡系统就是其中之一。射频IC卡系统不能便捷连入Internet,其信息也不能及时更新。因此,本文拟选择8位单片机加精简TCP/IP协议栈的方法来加以解决。
嵌入式Internet中的关键问题之一是其实现成本问题,8位单片机虽然只支持简化的TCP/IP协议及其他一些相关协议,但它们在系统成本方面具有较大优势,且8位单片机在各种电器设备中使用广泛且价格低廉。本文就从普通8位单片机AT89S51出发,重点介绍了下面三方面的工作。首先,对嵌入式Internet技术进行了介绍与比较,分析嵌入式TCP/IP协议的特点和实现要求,针对射频IC卡系统的特点,详细论述嵌入式TCP/IP协议简化的思想。其次,对硬件系统和软件系统进行了具体的设计,给出了硬件系统的设计原理图,着重讨论了网络接口卡RTL8019AS的数据发送和接收工作原理,并对整个嵌入式TCP/IP所用到的协议ARP、IP、ICMP、UDP进行了细致的分析。最后对设计内容进行了仿真测试,测试表明,本设计中研究的嵌入式以太网接入系统达到了最初的设计目标,可以实现数据的以太网传输。
最后对本文的内容做了总结,并提出了一些研究展望,期待在以后的研究中完善。
With the development of network era, Internet has become the most important foundational information infrastructure, so more and more devices needed to be connected with Internet, Radio-frequency system is one of the devices. The aim of this thesis is selecting the measure of 8 bit processor with simple TCP/IP protocol to solve the problem that the message can' t be updated at any time due to the Radio-frequency system can' t be connected to Ethernet.
One of the key points about Embedded Internet Technology are cost efficient, 8 bit processor, supporting simplified TCP/IP protocols and other related protocols, although the TCP/IP stack in these applications is not perfect, these equipments can work pretty well, for its low cost, which is widely used by different electric instruments. In this thesis, the realizing Embedded Internet technology based on 8-bit processor has been studied in detail. First, the Embedded Internet, character is lies and request of implement on TCP/IP stack are introduced and analyzed, the methods of simplifying full TCP/IP stack according to the Radio-frequency system are studied. And then the hardware system and software system we designed are given in detail , the circuit diagram of hardware system is given, principle of sending and receiving data of RTL8019AS is discussed mainly, also, TCP/IP protocols, which is applied by the whole embedded system, such as ARP, IP, ICMP and UDP, is analyzed at length. At the end of thesis, the programs are emulationally tested, the results showed that the system could process data according to network protocol, and achieve initially aim.
The contents of this thesis summarized at last and some of problems about Radio-frequency system needed to be studied are put forward, with expecting that can be solved in the future.
嵌入式Internet中的关键问题之一是其实现成本问题,8位单片机虽然只支持简化的TCP/IP协议及其他一些相关协议,但它们在系统成本方面具有较大优势,且8位单片机在各种电器设备中使用广泛且价格低廉。本文就从普通8位单片机AT89S51出发,重点介绍了下面三方面的工作。首先,对嵌入式Internet技术进行了介绍与比较,分析嵌入式TCP/IP协议的特点和实现要求,针对射频IC卡系统的特点,详细论述嵌入式TCP/IP协议简化的思想。其次,对硬件系统和软件系统进行了具体的设计,给出了硬件系统的设计原理图,着重讨论了网络接口卡RTL8019AS的数据发送和接收工作原理,并对整个嵌入式TCP/IP所用到的协议ARP、IP、ICMP、UDP进行了细致的分析。最后对设计内容进行了仿真测试,测试表明,本设计中研究的嵌入式以太网接入系统达到了最初的设计目标,可以实现数据的以太网传输。
最后对本文的内容做了总结,并提出了一些研究展望,期待在以后的研究中完善。
With the development of network era, Internet has become the most important foundational information infrastructure, so more and more devices needed to be connected with Internet, Radio-frequency system is one of the devices. The aim of this thesis is selecting the measure of 8 bit processor with simple TCP/IP protocol to solve the problem that the message can' t be updated at any time due to the Radio-frequency system can' t be connected to Ethernet.
One of the key points about Embedded Internet Technology are cost efficient, 8 bit processor, supporting simplified TCP/IP protocols and other related protocols, although the TCP/IP stack in these applications is not perfect, these equipments can work pretty well, for its low cost, which is widely used by different electric instruments. In this thesis, the realizing Embedded Internet technology based on 8-bit processor has been studied in detail. First, the Embedded Internet, character is lies and request of implement on TCP/IP stack are introduced and analyzed, the methods of simplifying full TCP/IP stack according to the Radio-frequency system are studied. And then the hardware system and software system we designed are given in detail , the circuit diagram of hardware system is given, principle of sending and receiving data of RTL8019AS is discussed mainly, also, TCP/IP protocols, which is applied by the whole embedded system, such as ARP, IP, ICMP and UDP, is analyzed at length. At the end of thesis, the programs are emulationally tested, the results showed that the system could process data according to network protocol, and achieve initially aim.
The contents of this thesis summarized at last and some of problems about Radio-frequency system needed to be studied are put forward, with expecting that can be solved in the future.
引文
[1]Behronz A.Forouzan & Sophia Chung Fegan.TCP/IP 协议族[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.68-95。
[2]赵海.嵌入式Internet——21世纪的一场信息技术革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.23-25。
[3]吕京建.肖海桥.面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述[J].电子质量,2001,8:10-13。
[4]李岩.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向[J].辽宁高职学报,2002,6:107-108。
[5]罗蕾.嵌入式实时操作系统及应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7-9。
[6]王勇.嵌入式Internet的技术实现及其安全问题的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].浙江.浙江大学,2002。
[7]王爱英.智能卡技术一IC卡[M].第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.76-95。
[8]吴晓蓉.汗栋.涂时亮.互连网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现[J].计算机工程,2001,1:1-2。
[9]赵葵银.唐勇奇.MCU应用系统与Internet连接的一种新技术[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001,2:20-23。
[10]吕京建.肖海桥.嵌入式Internet技术及其应用[J].今日电子,1999,10:24-26。
[11]谢希仁.计算机网络(第四版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.19-29。
[12]W.Richard Stevens.Gray R.Wright著.陆雪莹等译.TCP/IP详解,卷2:实现[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000.108-196。
[13]李长河.杜辉天.吕林淘.一种小型嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计与实现[J].微电子与计算机,2003,06:41-44。
[14]Thomas R.An Introduction to TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers[A].Embedded System Conference[C].SanFrancisco,2002.350-370.
[15]王廷尧.以太网技术与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.350-373。
[16]曹宇.魏丰.胡士毅.用51单片机控制RTL8019AS实现以太网通讯[J].计算机应用,2003,1:21-23。
[17]黄帆.深入分析ARP协议的理论与实践[J].现代商贸工业,2007,7:176-177。
[18]RFC 826[Plummer 1982][S].
[19]史忠植.高级计算机网络[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.77-84。
[20]孟蕾.陈文艺.宋焕生.嵌入式TCP/IP实现的研究和分析[J].西安邮电学院学报,2004:10-12。
[21]金庆华.TCP/IP传输层协议剖析[J].计算机与现代化,1998,1:25-27。
[22]Jeremy Bentham.TCP/IP Lean[J].Microchip Technology Incorporated.2001,2:36-38.
[23]赵飞.叶震.UDP协议与TCP协议的对比分析与可靠性改进[J].计算机技术与发展,2006,9:219-221。
[24]Zhi Wang.Ye-qiong Song.Ji-ming Chen.You-xian Sun.Real time characteristics of Ethemet and its improvement.[A]Intelligent Control and Automation.Proceedings of the 4th World Congress[C],2002.Volume:2.10-14.
[25]余永贵.ATMEL89系列单片机应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.134-190。
[26]Specification of RTL8019AS[M](Realtek full-duplex ethemet controller with plug and play function)Realtek semi-conductor co.Ltd.2007.URL:www.Realtek.com.tw.
[27]电子制作应用网:http://www.dian-zi.com.
[28]老古开发网:http://www.laogu.com.
[29]周明德.微型计算机系统原理及应用[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:202-218。
[30]林伸茂.8051单片机彻底研究基础篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.11-58。
[31]Stuart R.Ball P.E著.苏建平.李鹏飞.刘谦等译.嵌入式微处理器系统设计实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.5-100。
[32]官媛.嵌入式串口通讯服务器的研究和设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江.浙江大学,2006。
[33]包建荣.厉鲁卫.基于单片机嵌入式网络接入模块的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2004,2:73-74。
[34]李明.康静秋.嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,16:118-121。
[35]项敏.王学军.TCP/IP协议在嵌入式芯片上的实现[J].电子设计应用,2004,05:14-16。
[36]胡柯.颉潭成.刘陆群.基于TCP/IP和Socket实现网络通信[J].组合家床与自动化加工技术,2003,9:50-52。
[37]杭星.陈舜儿.基于Socket和UDP的自动拨测系统的设计与实现[J].开发应用,2006,7:1-5。
[38]Bart Broekman.Edwin Notenboom著.张君施.张思宇.周承平译.嵌入式软件测试[M].北京:电子工业山版社,2004.180-220。
[39]陈步月.基于单片机的测试技术原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.198-230。
[2]赵海.嵌入式Internet——21世纪的一场信息技术革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.23-25。
[3]吕京建.肖海桥.面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述[J].电子质量,2001,8:10-13。
[4]李岩.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向[J].辽宁高职学报,2002,6:107-108。
[5]罗蕾.嵌入式实时操作系统及应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7-9。
[6]王勇.嵌入式Internet的技术实现及其安全问题的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].浙江.浙江大学,2002。
[7]王爱英.智能卡技术一IC卡[M].第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.76-95。
[8]吴晓蓉.汗栋.涂时亮.互连网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现[J].计算机工程,2001,1:1-2。
[9]赵葵银.唐勇奇.MCU应用系统与Internet连接的一种新技术[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001,2:20-23。
[10]吕京建.肖海桥.嵌入式Internet技术及其应用[J].今日电子,1999,10:24-26。
[11]谢希仁.计算机网络(第四版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.19-29。
[12]W.Richard Stevens.Gray R.Wright著.陆雪莹等译.TCP/IP详解,卷2:实现[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000.108-196。
[13]李长河.杜辉天.吕林淘.一种小型嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计与实现[J].微电子与计算机,2003,06:41-44。
[14]Thomas R.An Introduction to TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers[A].Embedded System Conference[C].SanFrancisco,2002.350-370.
[15]王廷尧.以太网技术与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.350-373。
[16]曹宇.魏丰.胡士毅.用51单片机控制RTL8019AS实现以太网通讯[J].计算机应用,2003,1:21-23。
[17]黄帆.深入分析ARP协议的理论与实践[J].现代商贸工业,2007,7:176-177。
[18]RFC 826[Plummer 1982][S].
[19]史忠植.高级计算机网络[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.77-84。
[20]孟蕾.陈文艺.宋焕生.嵌入式TCP/IP实现的研究和分析[J].西安邮电学院学报,2004:10-12。
[21]金庆华.TCP/IP传输层协议剖析[J].计算机与现代化,1998,1:25-27。
[22]Jeremy Bentham.TCP/IP Lean[J].Microchip Technology Incorporated.2001,2:36-38.
[23]赵飞.叶震.UDP协议与TCP协议的对比分析与可靠性改进[J].计算机技术与发展,2006,9:219-221。
[24]Zhi Wang.Ye-qiong Song.Ji-ming Chen.You-xian Sun.Real time characteristics of Ethemet and its improvement.[A]Intelligent Control and Automation.Proceedings of the 4th World Congress[C],2002.Volume:2.10-14.
[25]余永贵.ATMEL89系列单片机应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.134-190。
[26]Specification of RTL8019AS[M](Realtek full-duplex ethemet controller with plug and play function)Realtek semi-conductor co.Ltd.2007.URL:www.Realtek.com.tw.
[27]电子制作应用网:http://www.dian-zi.com.
[28]老古开发网:http://www.laogu.com.
[29]周明德.微型计算机系统原理及应用[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:202-218。
[30]林伸茂.8051单片机彻底研究基础篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.11-58。
[31]Stuart R.Ball P.E著.苏建平.李鹏飞.刘谦等译.嵌入式微处理器系统设计实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.5-100。
[32]官媛.嵌入式串口通讯服务器的研究和设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江.浙江大学,2006。
[33]包建荣.厉鲁卫.基于单片机嵌入式网络接入模块的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2004,2:73-74。
[34]李明.康静秋.嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,16:118-121。
[35]项敏.王学军.TCP/IP协议在嵌入式芯片上的实现[J].电子设计应用,2004,05:14-16。
[36]胡柯.颉潭成.刘陆群.基于TCP/IP和Socket实现网络通信[J].组合家床与自动化加工技术,2003,9:50-52。
[37]杭星.陈舜儿.基于Socket和UDP的自动拨测系统的设计与实现[J].开发应用,2006,7:1-5。
[38]Bart Broekman.Edwin Notenboom著.张君施.张思宇.周承平译.嵌入式软件测试[M].北京:电子工业山版社,2004.180-220。
[39]陈步月.基于单片机的测试技术原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.198-230。