中国南方黄牛系统地位、抗热特性及HSP70-1、SCD1和DGAT1基因的遗传效应研究
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摘要
本研究利用12个通用的微卫星标记和mtDNA D-loop区遗传变异研究中国黄牛的遗传多样性；借助血液生化自动分析仪分析热应激条件下6个血液指标在3个南方黄牛群体(雷琼牛,BMY牛和云南高峰牛)和一个北方黄牛群体(中国西门塔尔牛)内的变化规律,探讨中国南方黄牛热应激条件下的血相变化；采用PCR-SSCP技术检测3个南方黄牛群体抗热应激基因HSP70-1基因的单核苷酸多态性,与中国西门塔尔牛的遗传多样性进行比较,并与血液生理生化指标进行关联分析；运用PCR-SSCP技术检测中国西门塔尔牛及3个南方黄牛群体(雷琼牛、云南高峰牛和BMY牛)SCD1基因和DGAT1基因的遗传变异,并与中国西门塔尔牛的肉质性状进行关联分析；运用荧光定量PCR技术分析雷琼牛HSP70-1基因C3343T位点形成的3种基因型在血液组织中表达量的差异,以探讨这一位点对雷琼牛的耐热性状调控的分子机理。主要研究结果如下：
1.利用12个微卫星标记在7个黄牛品种(雷琼牛、BMY牛、云南高峰牛、鲁西黄牛、闽南黄牛和渤海黑牛和中国西门塔尔牛)中总共检测209个等位基因,20个品种特有等位基因,其中云南高峰牛检测到的等位基因数最多(180个),雷琼牛检测到的等位基因数最少(85个)。平均杂合度以中国西门塔尔牛最高,为0.8344,多态信息含量和有效等位基因数分别以云南高峰牛最高,分别为0.8840和10.0559,表明这两个群体的遗传变异程度高。基于DA和(σμ)2两种遗传距离的聚类分析表明,雷琼牛、云南高峰牛、闽南黄牛和BMY牛四个南方黄牛群体相互间遗传距离较近,而与中原黄牛和培育品种的亲缘关系相对较远,证明了南方黄牛群体区别于中原黄牛和培育品种的系统地位和遗传分化,也揭示了不同南方黄牛群体间存在不同程度的遗传分化水平。
2.中国黄牛mtDNA D-loop表现出很高的多态性；核苷酸位点突变类型有转换、颠换两种类型。碱基转换以T←→C形式为主,占62.96%,G+C平均含量为38.7%,A+T平均含量为61.3%。共检测到核昔酸多态位点62个,其中转换58个,颠换4个。云南高峰牛和渤海黑牛核苷酸变异度最高,共发现44个变异位点,发生转换的碱基数目最多,为43个；雷琼牛群体中核苷酸变异数最低,共32个变异位点；其余3个群体核苷酸变异总数居中,BMY牛和闽南黄牛42个,中国西门塔尔牛41个。品种间遗传分化明显。
3.通过对31条mtDNA D-loop区全序列测定并做序列比对之后,共发现20种单倍型,总群体单倍型比例为64.52%。通过对所测定序列进行NJ法聚类,共发现2个单倍型组,分别代表了中国黄牛的不同母系起源系统：欧洲普通牛起源系统和瘤牛起源系统。从分子水平验证了中国南方黄牛的瘤牛血缘。同时也发现了中国黄牛不同品种间以及品种内存在不同程度的分歧,表明了我国黄牛资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,而且一些地方黄牛品种具有独特的单倍型,应当加以保护。
4.通过对血清K+浓度,血清谷丙转氨酶浓度,血清谷草转氨酶浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶浓度,红细胞南K+浓度和血红蛋白浓度等6个血液指标在三个南方黄牛群体和一个北方群体中的变化规律分析发现,南方黄牛群体血清K+浓度和血清酶浓度极显著高于北方群体,雷琼牛红细胞K+显著最低于其他群体,谷丙转氨酶浓度在不同地域品种间的差异极显著,由此可见,红细胞钾和碱性磷酸酶可以作为黄牛耐热特性的指标。
5.在3个南方黄牛品种和1个对照品种HSP70-1基因中总共检测到14个突变,其中5个突变(A329G、T576C、C1199G、A1221C和C1334T)位于5′-调控区,9个突变(A1501G、C1745T、A1926G、C2540T、C2720T、A3035G、A3062G、 A3108G)位于外显子区。雷琼牛和云南高峰牛A329G、C1334T、C1745T、A3035G和C3343T为中度多态位点,其余位点为低度多态位点；中国西门塔尔牛A329G和C1334T为中度多态位点。
6.雷琼牛HSP70-1基因C1334T位点对血红蛋白浓度影响显著,云南高峰牛A1221C位点对谷草转氨酶浓度影响显著,BMY牛A329G位点对血红蛋白浓度影响显著,各群体的其他位点对血液指标效应不显著。外显子区突变位点中,雷琼牛云南高峰牛和BMY牛C3343T位点变异对红细胞钾和碱性磷酸酶效应显著(P<0.05)。
7.通过荧光定量PCR技术发现HSP70-1基因C3343T位点形成的3种基因型(CC、CT和TT)在雷琼牛血液组织的表达量存在差异。TT基因型个体HSP70-1基因的表达量是CC基因型的1.361倍,CT基因型个体HSP70-1基因的表达量是CC基因型的1.282倍,进一步验证了HSP70-1基因作为南方黄牛耐热特性候选基因的可能性。
8.通过对中国西门塔尔牛SCD1基因和DGAT1基因遗传变异及其效应分析发现,SCD1基因C878T位点CC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于TT基因型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分低于TT型个体(P>0.05),剪切力值显著低于TT型个体(P<0.05)；SCD1基因T762C位点TT基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于CC基因型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分和剪切力值低于CC基因型个体(P>0.05)。DGAT1基因10433和10434bp处AA/GC双碱基突变碱基突变GC/GC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于AA/AA型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分和剪切力值性状差异不显著(P>0.05)。单倍型分析发现,CTGC型个体肌间脂肪含量和剪切力值显著高于其他单倍型个体(P<0.05),分别提高了5.7%和14.6%。综合分析显示SCD1基因和DGAT1基因是肉牛肉质性状的候选基因,揭示了SCD1和DGAT1基因多基因聚合在分子选育中的应用前景。同时分析发现南方黄牛群体中SCD1基因C878T位点和T762C位点有利基因型的频率均高于中国西门塔尔牛,进一步揭示了南方黄牛群体作为肉牛育种素材的应用前景。
The level of genetic differentiation and genetic structure in seven Chinese cattle populations (Luxi cattle, Bohai cattle, Minnan cattle, and Chinese Simmental cattle) were analyzed based on12microsatellite markers and mtDNA D-loop region; To explore the variations of blood indices resistant against heat shock of Chinese cattle in Chinese southern tropical and subtropical region (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle), six blood indexes (concentration of serum K+, red blood cell K+, ALT, AST, ALP), using Chinese Simmental cattle as controlled population; PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the SNPs of the HSP70-1Gene in three southern cattle breed of China, Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle, using Chinese Simmental cattle as controlled populations, and we analyzed its relationship with blood indexes in four cattle populations (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle and Minnan catttle), as well in order to lay the foundation for Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) of heat resistance for Chinese cattle; PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the SNPs of the SCD1gene and DGAT1gene in Chinese Simmental cattle using three southern cattle breed of China (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle) as controlled populations, and we analyzed their relationships with fat related traits in Chinese Simmental cattle as well in order to lay the foundation for Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) for Chinese Simmental cattle; In order to find out the molecule mechanism that the mutation C3343T had significant effect heat resistance traits, FQ-PCR method was used to study the expression level in Leiqiong cattle blood among3genotypes which were formed by the mutation C3343T in the HSP70-1gene, and the expression level in blood tissue in Leiqiong cattle was also studied. The main results of our research were listed as follows:
1. Based on12microsatellite markers, a total of209distinct alleles were observed across the7breeds (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle, Luxi cattle, Minnan cattle, Bohai Black cattle and Chinese Simmental), and20of these alleles were unique to only one breed. Yunnan highpump cattle carried the largest at180, and Leiqiong cattle had lowest number of alleles at85. The average heterozygosity was highest in Chinese Simmental cattle, and PIC value and Ne were highest in Yunnan highpump cattle, indicating Chinese Simmental cattle and Yunnan highpump cattle populations had higher genetic diversity. The result of coefficient of gene differentiation (GST), genetic diversity and cluster analysis achieve the unanimous basically, indicating these indexes are suitable for the researches on the genetic polarization. Cluster analysis based on DA and (σμ)2genetic distance showed that LQ, YN, MN and BMY cattle were close to each other, while farther away from other poputions, indicating unique phenogenetic status and genetic diversity of Chinese southern cattle.
2. The complete mitochondrial D-loop sequence,910bp in length, evinces high polymorphism, and nucleotide mutations types are along with the following types, transition, transversion, insertion, deletion and coexistence of transition and transversion. The nucleotide transitions existed mainly in T←→C with the value of62.96%, and A←→G with the value of37.04%. In the all six populations, the average content of G+C%was amount to38.7%, and A+T%amount to61.3%. Sixty-two nucleotide mutations were found in all, and of all variable positions,58mutations were transitions, while4mutations were transversion. Yunnan high pump cattle and Bohai Blank cattle contain the most mutations in all populations, amounting to43, while Leiqiong cattle had the least mutations, amounting to32. And the other three populations had the medium mutation, BMY cattle and Minnan cattle own42mutations, and Chinese Simmental cattle own41mutations.
3. Twenty haplotype had been found in total when sequence alignment had been made among31sequences of mtDNA D-loop regions, indicating the ratio of haplotype to the size of population was64.52%. Two groups of haplotype had been found in cluster analysis of NJ method, representing the two maternal origin system of Chinese cattle, Group I standing for Bos taurus origin, and Group Ⅱ for Bos indicus origin. Our study validated the Bos indicus blood origin of Southern Chinese cattle once more. Differences had been found in our study among different groups and within group, indicating abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity among interbreeds and individuals in Chinese cattle and some populations had special haplotype, which should be protected appropriately, validating Bos indicus blood of Chinese sourthern cattle. Differences exist in breeds and populations, indicating rich genetic resources in Chinese sourthern cattles. Some populations have special haplotype. which shoud be protected approprietly.
4. Sourthern Chinese cattle had higher Concentration of RBC K+, GOT, GPT and ALP than controlling cattle, and concentration of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase was significant difference in different populations in different regions. RBC K+and ALP can be used as indices for heat resitance of cattle.
5. Fourteen mutations had been detected in three southern populations and one controlled population, in which five mutations (A329G, T576C, C1199G,A1221C and C1334T) were in5'-flanking and nine mutations (A1501G、C1745T、A1926G、 C2540T、C2720T、A3035G、A3062G、A3108G) in coding region in HSP70-1gene. A329G, C1334T, C1745T, A3035G and C3343T were moderate polymorphism sites in Leiqiong cattle and Yunnan highpump cattle, other sites were lower polymorphism; A329G and C1334T in Chinese Simmental cattle were moderate polymorphism sites, other sites were lower polymorphism; while all sites in BMY cattle were lowe polymorphism.
6. The effect of C1334T site of HSP70-1gene on Hemoglobin was significant in Leiqiong cattle, the effect of A329G site of HSP70-1gene on Hemoglobin was significant in BMY cattle, and other sites in all populations had no significant effect on the blood indexex. As to the nine mutations in codn rengion, C334T site had significant effect on red blood cell K+and ALP concentration in LQ, YN and BMY cattle (P<0.05).
7. Using FQ-PCR method, it showed that the expression level differs in Leiqiong cattle blood among three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) which were formed by the mutation C3343T in the HSP70-1gene. The expression level of genotype TT individuals in HSP70-1gene was1.361times higher than that in genotype CC individuals in Leiqiong cattle and the expression level of genotype CT individuals were1.282times higher than that in genotype CC individuals, further verifying that HSP70-1gene was suitable to be used as candidate gene of heat resistant trait in Chinese southern cattle.
8. C878T (C was favorable gene) and T762C (T was favorable gene) in SCD1and DGAT1(GC was favorable gene) gene had significant effect on meat traits in Chinese Simmental cattle (P<0.05). elevating MIF by5.1%,4.2%and13.1%. respectively. The haplotype of CTGC of site C878T and T762C in SCD1gene and duble nucleitide mutation AA/GC in DGAT1gene had evidence effect on intermuscle fat trait and shearing force trait in Chinese Simmental cattle (P<0.05). improved by5.7%and14.6%respectively. Therefore, SCD1gene and DGAT1gene were candidate genes for fat traits in Chinese Simmental, indicating wide applying prospects of two genes in combinded inbreeding of beef. At the same time, the cattle populations in Southern of China own higher frequencies of tow sites of SCD1gene than Chinese Simmental cattle indicating that these populations have great popential in beef performance.
1.利用12个微卫星标记在7个黄牛品种(雷琼牛、BMY牛、云南高峰牛、鲁西黄牛、闽南黄牛和渤海黑牛和中国西门塔尔牛)中总共检测209个等位基因,20个品种特有等位基因,其中云南高峰牛检测到的等位基因数最多(180个),雷琼牛检测到的等位基因数最少(85个)。平均杂合度以中国西门塔尔牛最高,为0.8344,多态信息含量和有效等位基因数分别以云南高峰牛最高,分别为0.8840和10.0559,表明这两个群体的遗传变异程度高。基于DA和(σμ)2两种遗传距离的聚类分析表明,雷琼牛、云南高峰牛、闽南黄牛和BMY牛四个南方黄牛群体相互间遗传距离较近,而与中原黄牛和培育品种的亲缘关系相对较远,证明了南方黄牛群体区别于中原黄牛和培育品种的系统地位和遗传分化,也揭示了不同南方黄牛群体间存在不同程度的遗传分化水平。
2.中国黄牛mtDNA D-loop表现出很高的多态性；核苷酸位点突变类型有转换、颠换两种类型。碱基转换以T←→C形式为主,占62.96%,G+C平均含量为38.7%,A+T平均含量为61.3%。共检测到核昔酸多态位点62个,其中转换58个,颠换4个。云南高峰牛和渤海黑牛核苷酸变异度最高,共发现44个变异位点,发生转换的碱基数目最多,为43个；雷琼牛群体中核苷酸变异数最低,共32个变异位点；其余3个群体核苷酸变异总数居中,BMY牛和闽南黄牛42个,中国西门塔尔牛41个。品种间遗传分化明显。
3.通过对31条mtDNA D-loop区全序列测定并做序列比对之后,共发现20种单倍型,总群体单倍型比例为64.52%。通过对所测定序列进行NJ法聚类,共发现2个单倍型组,分别代表了中国黄牛的不同母系起源系统：欧洲普通牛起源系统和瘤牛起源系统。从分子水平验证了中国南方黄牛的瘤牛血缘。同时也发现了中国黄牛不同品种间以及品种内存在不同程度的分歧,表明了我国黄牛资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,而且一些地方黄牛品种具有独特的单倍型,应当加以保护。
4.通过对血清K+浓度,血清谷丙转氨酶浓度,血清谷草转氨酶浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶浓度,红细胞南K+浓度和血红蛋白浓度等6个血液指标在三个南方黄牛群体和一个北方群体中的变化规律分析发现,南方黄牛群体血清K+浓度和血清酶浓度极显著高于北方群体,雷琼牛红细胞K+显著最低于其他群体,谷丙转氨酶浓度在不同地域品种间的差异极显著,由此可见,红细胞钾和碱性磷酸酶可以作为黄牛耐热特性的指标。
5.在3个南方黄牛品种和1个对照品种HSP70-1基因中总共检测到14个突变,其中5个突变(A329G、T576C、C1199G、A1221C和C1334T)位于5′-调控区,9个突变(A1501G、C1745T、A1926G、C2540T、C2720T、A3035G、A3062G、 A3108G)位于外显子区。雷琼牛和云南高峰牛A329G、C1334T、C1745T、A3035G和C3343T为中度多态位点,其余位点为低度多态位点；中国西门塔尔牛A329G和C1334T为中度多态位点。
6.雷琼牛HSP70-1基因C1334T位点对血红蛋白浓度影响显著,云南高峰牛A1221C位点对谷草转氨酶浓度影响显著,BMY牛A329G位点对血红蛋白浓度影响显著,各群体的其他位点对血液指标效应不显著。外显子区突变位点中,雷琼牛云南高峰牛和BMY牛C3343T位点变异对红细胞钾和碱性磷酸酶效应显著(P<0.05)。
7.通过荧光定量PCR技术发现HSP70-1基因C3343T位点形成的3种基因型(CC、CT和TT)在雷琼牛血液组织的表达量存在差异。TT基因型个体HSP70-1基因的表达量是CC基因型的1.361倍,CT基因型个体HSP70-1基因的表达量是CC基因型的1.282倍,进一步验证了HSP70-1基因作为南方黄牛耐热特性候选基因的可能性。
8.通过对中国西门塔尔牛SCD1基因和DGAT1基因遗传变异及其效应分析发现,SCD1基因C878T位点CC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于TT基因型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分低于TT型个体(P>0.05),剪切力值显著低于TT型个体(P<0.05)；SCD1基因T762C位点TT基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于CC基因型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分和剪切力值低于CC基因型个体(P>0.05)。DGAT1基因10433和10434bp处AA/GC双碱基突变碱基突变GC/GC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量显著高于AA/AA型个体(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分和剪切力值性状差异不显著(P>0.05)。单倍型分析发现,CTGC型个体肌间脂肪含量和剪切力值显著高于其他单倍型个体(P<0.05),分别提高了5.7%和14.6%。综合分析显示SCD1基因和DGAT1基因是肉牛肉质性状的候选基因,揭示了SCD1和DGAT1基因多基因聚合在分子选育中的应用前景。同时分析发现南方黄牛群体中SCD1基因C878T位点和T762C位点有利基因型的频率均高于中国西门塔尔牛,进一步揭示了南方黄牛群体作为肉牛育种素材的应用前景。
The level of genetic differentiation and genetic structure in seven Chinese cattle populations (Luxi cattle, Bohai cattle, Minnan cattle, and Chinese Simmental cattle) were analyzed based on12microsatellite markers and mtDNA D-loop region; To explore the variations of blood indices resistant against heat shock of Chinese cattle in Chinese southern tropical and subtropical region (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle), six blood indexes (concentration of serum K+, red blood cell K+, ALT, AST, ALP), using Chinese Simmental cattle as controlled population; PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the SNPs of the HSP70-1Gene in three southern cattle breed of China, Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle, using Chinese Simmental cattle as controlled populations, and we analyzed its relationship with blood indexes in four cattle populations (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle and Minnan catttle), as well in order to lay the foundation for Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) of heat resistance for Chinese cattle; PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the SNPs of the SCD1gene and DGAT1gene in Chinese Simmental cattle using three southern cattle breed of China (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle) as controlled populations, and we analyzed their relationships with fat related traits in Chinese Simmental cattle as well in order to lay the foundation for Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) for Chinese Simmental cattle; In order to find out the molecule mechanism that the mutation C3343T had significant effect heat resistance traits, FQ-PCR method was used to study the expression level in Leiqiong cattle blood among3genotypes which were formed by the mutation C3343T in the HSP70-1gene, and the expression level in blood tissue in Leiqiong cattle was also studied. The main results of our research were listed as follows:
1. Based on12microsatellite markers, a total of209distinct alleles were observed across the7breeds (Leiqiong cattle, BMY cattle, Yunnan highpump cattle, Luxi cattle, Minnan cattle, Bohai Black cattle and Chinese Simmental), and20of these alleles were unique to only one breed. Yunnan highpump cattle carried the largest at180, and Leiqiong cattle had lowest number of alleles at85. The average heterozygosity was highest in Chinese Simmental cattle, and PIC value and Ne were highest in Yunnan highpump cattle, indicating Chinese Simmental cattle and Yunnan highpump cattle populations had higher genetic diversity. The result of coefficient of gene differentiation (GST), genetic diversity and cluster analysis achieve the unanimous basically, indicating these indexes are suitable for the researches on the genetic polarization. Cluster analysis based on DA and (σμ)2genetic distance showed that LQ, YN, MN and BMY cattle were close to each other, while farther away from other poputions, indicating unique phenogenetic status and genetic diversity of Chinese southern cattle.
2. The complete mitochondrial D-loop sequence,910bp in length, evinces high polymorphism, and nucleotide mutations types are along with the following types, transition, transversion, insertion, deletion and coexistence of transition and transversion. The nucleotide transitions existed mainly in T←→C with the value of62.96%, and A←→G with the value of37.04%. In the all six populations, the average content of G+C%was amount to38.7%, and A+T%amount to61.3%. Sixty-two nucleotide mutations were found in all, and of all variable positions,58mutations were transitions, while4mutations were transversion. Yunnan high pump cattle and Bohai Blank cattle contain the most mutations in all populations, amounting to43, while Leiqiong cattle had the least mutations, amounting to32. And the other three populations had the medium mutation, BMY cattle and Minnan cattle own42mutations, and Chinese Simmental cattle own41mutations.
3. Twenty haplotype had been found in total when sequence alignment had been made among31sequences of mtDNA D-loop regions, indicating the ratio of haplotype to the size of population was64.52%. Two groups of haplotype had been found in cluster analysis of NJ method, representing the two maternal origin system of Chinese cattle, Group I standing for Bos taurus origin, and Group Ⅱ for Bos indicus origin. Our study validated the Bos indicus blood origin of Southern Chinese cattle once more. Differences had been found in our study among different groups and within group, indicating abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity among interbreeds and individuals in Chinese cattle and some populations had special haplotype, which should be protected appropriately, validating Bos indicus blood of Chinese sourthern cattle. Differences exist in breeds and populations, indicating rich genetic resources in Chinese sourthern cattles. Some populations have special haplotype. which shoud be protected approprietly.
4. Sourthern Chinese cattle had higher Concentration of RBC K+, GOT, GPT and ALP than controlling cattle, and concentration of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase was significant difference in different populations in different regions. RBC K+and ALP can be used as indices for heat resitance of cattle.
5. Fourteen mutations had been detected in three southern populations and one controlled population, in which five mutations (A329G, T576C, C1199G,A1221C and C1334T) were in5'-flanking and nine mutations (A1501G、C1745T、A1926G、 C2540T、C2720T、A3035G、A3062G、A3108G) in coding region in HSP70-1gene. A329G, C1334T, C1745T, A3035G and C3343T were moderate polymorphism sites in Leiqiong cattle and Yunnan highpump cattle, other sites were lower polymorphism; A329G and C1334T in Chinese Simmental cattle were moderate polymorphism sites, other sites were lower polymorphism; while all sites in BMY cattle were lowe polymorphism.
6. The effect of C1334T site of HSP70-1gene on Hemoglobin was significant in Leiqiong cattle, the effect of A329G site of HSP70-1gene on Hemoglobin was significant in BMY cattle, and other sites in all populations had no significant effect on the blood indexex. As to the nine mutations in codn rengion, C334T site had significant effect on red blood cell K+and ALP concentration in LQ, YN and BMY cattle (P<0.05).
7. Using FQ-PCR method, it showed that the expression level differs in Leiqiong cattle blood among three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) which were formed by the mutation C3343T in the HSP70-1gene. The expression level of genotype TT individuals in HSP70-1gene was1.361times higher than that in genotype CC individuals in Leiqiong cattle and the expression level of genotype CT individuals were1.282times higher than that in genotype CC individuals, further verifying that HSP70-1gene was suitable to be used as candidate gene of heat resistant trait in Chinese southern cattle.
8. C878T (C was favorable gene) and T762C (T was favorable gene) in SCD1and DGAT1(GC was favorable gene) gene had significant effect on meat traits in Chinese Simmental cattle (P<0.05). elevating MIF by5.1%,4.2%and13.1%. respectively. The haplotype of CTGC of site C878T and T762C in SCD1gene and duble nucleitide mutation AA/GC in DGAT1gene had evidence effect on intermuscle fat trait and shearing force trait in Chinese Simmental cattle (P<0.05). improved by5.7%and14.6%respectively. Therefore, SCD1gene and DGAT1gene were candidate genes for fat traits in Chinese Simmental, indicating wide applying prospects of two genes in combinded inbreeding of beef. At the same time, the cattle populations in Southern of China own higher frequencies of tow sites of SCD1gene than Chinese Simmental cattle indicating that these populations have great popential in beef performance.
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