通风空调管道内气溶胶颗粒物的沉降及风管清洗周期的研究
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摘要
造成室内空气质量不好的原因很多,其中之一是通风管道内部的颗粒沉积,它对送风质量具有直接、重要的影响。空调系统通风管道尘粒的沉积会降低空调系统的性能并影响室内空气品质。掌握含尘气流的流动、沉降规律及在各式结构通风管道中的尘粒沉积规律,可以全面地了解通风管道中的粒子行为,对提高通风空调工程送风效果的可预见性、改善室内空气质量和建筑综合症有理论指导作用。
本文首先回顾了以往的研究成果,介绍了颗粒物在风管中的运动和沉降原理,分析了空调系统管道内气流运动的规律;并分析了颗粒沉降的几种方式及一些影响因素。然后建立了颗粒物沉降速度的数学模型,选取了具体的模型并进行计算,通过比较分析颗粒沉降速度的数据,对通风管道影响尘粒沉积的诸因素,如尘粒粒径、送风风速和管壁粗糙度等进行了探讨研究发现:(i)在风速不变的情况下,随颗粒粒径的增加,沉降速率总体趋势上是相应增加的;但在亚微米级粒径颗粒的附近,因为在近壁面处受布朗扩散力作用和重力沉降作用的变化,沉降速度存在一个极小值;(ii)对于粒径大于1μm的粒子,尘粒的沉降速度与风速呈线性递增的关系,但对于粒径小于1μm的尘粒沉降而言,在风速达到5m/s以前,其沉降速度增大的比较快,当风速达到5m/s后,沉降速度又趋于平缓;(iii)壁面粗糙度越大,沉降速度越大;反之越小。
最后通过实地采样对西安市室外粉尘的质量浓度和粒度变化规律进行了分析,以西安市某商厦内的中央空调运行情况为例,预测了中央空调风系统中风管的清洗周期。
There are many reasons for the low indoor air quality,one of which is the sedimentation of dust in ventilating pipes of air-conditioning system.It can lower the performance of air-conditioning system and indoor air quality.The mastery of the law of flow and sedimentation of dusty air flow and the sedimentation law of dust particles in ventilating ducts of different structure can help comprehensively understand the behavior of the particles in ventilating duct which can be a guidance in theory but also in practice for implementing the mechanism of sediment process of particles in ventilating duct,predicting the effect of air supply of ventilating system, improving indoor air quality and preventing the sick building syndrome.
This paper first reviewed the previous research findings,introduced the movement and sedimentation mechanism of particles in air duct,analyzed the movement law of air flow in air duct of air-conditioning system and demonstrated the classification and the main influencing factors of particle sedimentation.The mathematical model of the sedimentation velocity of particles was established.By analyzing and comparing the calculated particle sedimentation data,the factors related to dusty particles sedimentation such as dusty particle diameter,air supply velocity and the roughness concentration of the wall of duct were analyzed.(i) The sedimentation velocity increased as the particle diameter increased.Owing to the Brown diffusive force near the wall of duct,it also increased as the sub micron grade particle diameter decreased.(ii) For particles of which the particle diameter was greater than 1μm,the sedimentation velocity of dusty particles nearly increased linearly with air flow velocity in the logarithmic coordinate system.For particles of which the particle diameter was relatively small,the sedimentation velocity of dusty particles increased fast when air flow velocity was below 5m/s,but increased gently when air flow velocity reached 5m/s.(iii) The sedimentation velocity of dusty particles increased as the roughness concentration of the wall of duct increased,and decreased as the roughness concentration of the wall of duct decreased.
At the end of this paper,the distribution of outdoor dusty particles of Xi'an city was analyzed.The cleaning interval of air ducts of the central air-conditioning system of a commercial building in Xi'an city was predicted.
本文首先回顾了以往的研究成果,介绍了颗粒物在风管中的运动和沉降原理,分析了空调系统管道内气流运动的规律;并分析了颗粒沉降的几种方式及一些影响因素。然后建立了颗粒物沉降速度的数学模型,选取了具体的模型并进行计算,通过比较分析颗粒沉降速度的数据,对通风管道影响尘粒沉积的诸因素,如尘粒粒径、送风风速和管壁粗糙度等进行了探讨研究发现:(i)在风速不变的情况下,随颗粒粒径的增加,沉降速率总体趋势上是相应增加的;但在亚微米级粒径颗粒的附近,因为在近壁面处受布朗扩散力作用和重力沉降作用的变化,沉降速度存在一个极小值;(ii)对于粒径大于1μm的粒子,尘粒的沉降速度与风速呈线性递增的关系,但对于粒径小于1μm的尘粒沉降而言,在风速达到5m/s以前,其沉降速度增大的比较快,当风速达到5m/s后,沉降速度又趋于平缓;(iii)壁面粗糙度越大,沉降速度越大;反之越小。
最后通过实地采样对西安市室外粉尘的质量浓度和粒度变化规律进行了分析,以西安市某商厦内的中央空调运行情况为例,预测了中央空调风系统中风管的清洗周期。
There are many reasons for the low indoor air quality,one of which is the sedimentation of dust in ventilating pipes of air-conditioning system.It can lower the performance of air-conditioning system and indoor air quality.The mastery of the law of flow and sedimentation of dusty air flow and the sedimentation law of dust particles in ventilating ducts of different structure can help comprehensively understand the behavior of the particles in ventilating duct which can be a guidance in theory but also in practice for implementing the mechanism of sediment process of particles in ventilating duct,predicting the effect of air supply of ventilating system, improving indoor air quality and preventing the sick building syndrome.
This paper first reviewed the previous research findings,introduced the movement and sedimentation mechanism of particles in air duct,analyzed the movement law of air flow in air duct of air-conditioning system and demonstrated the classification and the main influencing factors of particle sedimentation.The mathematical model of the sedimentation velocity of particles was established.By analyzing and comparing the calculated particle sedimentation data,the factors related to dusty particles sedimentation such as dusty particle diameter,air supply velocity and the roughness concentration of the wall of duct were analyzed.(i) The sedimentation velocity increased as the particle diameter increased.Owing to the Brown diffusive force near the wall of duct,it also increased as the sub micron grade particle diameter decreased.(ii) For particles of which the particle diameter was greater than 1μm,the sedimentation velocity of dusty particles nearly increased linearly with air flow velocity in the logarithmic coordinate system.For particles of which the particle diameter was relatively small,the sedimentation velocity of dusty particles increased fast when air flow velocity was below 5m/s,but increased gently when air flow velocity reached 5m/s.(iii) The sedimentation velocity of dusty particles increased as the roughness concentration of the wall of duct increased,and decreased as the roughness concentration of the wall of duct decreased.
At the end of this paper,the distribution of outdoor dusty particles of Xi'an city was analyzed.The cleaning interval of air ducts of the central air-conditioning system of a commercial building in Xi'an city was predicted.
引文
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[2]Wang J N,Cao S R,Li Z et al.Human exposure to carbon monoxide and inhalable particulate in Beijing,China.Biomed Environ Sci,1988,1(1):5-12
[3]Jones A P.Indoor air quality and health.Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(11):4535-4564.
[4]IIASA.The new focus on fine particulate matter.http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains /pm-intro.2002.
[5]WHO,UNECE.Healthy risk of particulate matter from long range transbo un-dary air pollution(preliminary assessment).EUR/ICP/EHBI 04 01 02 U NEDITE-D,World Health Organization,1999.
[6]Koch M.Airborne fine particulates in the environment:a review of health effect studies,monitoring data and emission inventories.IR-00-004,Laxengu rg,Au-stria:IIASA,2000.
[7]Panyacosit L.A review of particulate matter and health:focus on developing countries.IR-00-005,Laxengurg,Austria:IIASA,2000.
[8]Lazarridis M.Semb Aystein H.Long-range transport of aerosol particles--A literature review.EMEP/CCC-Report 8/99.November 1999.
[9]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局中华人民共和国国家标准.环境空气质量标准(GB3095-1996).
[10]魏复盛,胡伟.空气细粒子污染的某些特性及环境效应.香山科学会议主题“可吸入颗粒物的形成机理和防治对策”.pp1-9.北京,2002年5月.
[11]北京市环保局.北京市空气质量管理情况.中美空气质量管理国际研讨会,北京,2000年4月
[12]陈其针,牛润萍,王强,朱佳。室内空气污染及防治措施[J]。建筑热能通风空调,2007,26(3):25-27
[13]宁海文,吴息。西安市区大气污染时空变化特征及其与气象条件关系。陕西气象,(2005)02:17-18
[14]朱天乐,室内空气污染控制,化学工业出版社,2003:10-12
[15]戚海,裴秀坤.室内空气污染现状及防制对策.中国公共卫生管理,2003.19(1).81
[16]胡伟,魏复盛,藤恩江等.中国四城市空气污染及其对儿童呼吸健康影响的分析.中国环境科学,2000,20(5):425-428
[17]刘阳生,陈睿,沈兴兴等.北京冬季室内空气中TSP,PM10,PM2.5和 PMl污染研究.应用基础与工程科学学报,2003,30(11):255-265
[18]朱青松.矩形风管系统中颗粒物沉降速度的实验研究:[硕士学位论文][D].湖南:湖南大学,2007
[19]朱天乐,室内空气污染控制,化学工业出版社,2003
[20]马仁民.国外非工业建筑室内空气品质研究动态.暖通空调,1999,29(2):38-41
[21]龚毅,吴杲.暖通空调系统部件对室内空气品质影响的分析.制冷,1997,23(3):64-67
[22]赵菊恒.尘粒在二维通道中输运特性的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文][D].陕西:西安建筑科技大学2005
[23]张锐,李新意等.北京市公共场所中央空调通风系统中积尘量的监测与分析.中国环境卫生.2004,7(3-4):126-127。
[24]邓丹心,陈小嵘等。公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生现状调查[J]。海峡预防医学杂志。2007,13(2):71-73
[25]马仁民.国外非工业建筑室内空气品质研究动态.暖通空调,1999,29(2):38-41
[26]赵彬,张昭,李先庭.室内不同通风方式下生物颗粒的分布比较.暖通空调
[27]范林.中央空调清洗改善室内空气品质.清洗世界,2004,20(4):14-18
[28]Nazaroff W W.Indoor particle dynamics.Indoor Air,2004.14(S7):175-183
[29]张政,谢灼利.流体—固体两相流的数值模拟.化工学报,2001,52(1):1-11
[30]郭烈锦.两相与多相流动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002,11-13,574-597
[31]MarkR.Sippola,Nazaroff.WilliarnW.Particle Deposition from Turbulent Flow:Review of Published Research and Its Applicability to Ventilation D ucts in Commercial Buildings.Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2002;27(1):57-64
[32]Krause J D.Hammad Y Y.Measuring the efficacy of mold remediation on contaminated ductwork.In:9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate.Wisconsin:The Printing House,Inc,2002,Ⅱ,360-365
[33]朱颖心,张寅平,李先庭等.建筑环境学(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,155-166
[34]邓启红.室内空气对流的特征与模拟:[博士学位论文][D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2003,77-106
[35]Danies R.气溶胶手册.梁鸿福,卢正永.北京:原子能出版社,1988,4
[36]卢正永.气溶胶科学引论.北京:原子能出版社,2000,195-206;24
[37]Cochrane C,Yacobellis T.Assessment,cleaning & restoration of HVAC systems.In:9th Intemational Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate.Wisconsin:The Printing House,2002,722-727
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