公路大型构筑物变形监测技术研究
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摘要
公路大型构筑物变形监测是保证工程质量和安全的重要手段,并已成为工程建设和管理工作中极其重要的组成部分。不断出现的新结构、新技术、新工艺的公路大型构筑物对变形监测的精度、数据采集的时间间隔等都提出了更高的要求,不仅需要监测其外部变形还要监测其内部变形和受力状况。在国内已有运用GPS技术、全站仪、水准仪等仪器设备进行公路大型构筑物变形监测的案例,与国外比较而言,监测手段相对落后,实时、自动化采集监测信息尚未普及。研究运用先进仪器设备进行公路大型构筑物变形监测数据采集的自动化、高精度和智能化,解决实践中出现的一些新的技术问题,具有重要的现实意义。
本文结合雅瑶立交主桥施工监测和控制实践,对数字水准仪、Leica TCA2003高精度智能型全站仪、振弦式应变计运用于公路大型构筑物变形监测中的一些关键技术进行了研究。首先,研究了Leica TCA2003全站仪、数字水准仪等先进测量仪器在公路大型构筑物变形监测中的应用情况,针对一些具体技术问题,设计了专项试验,得出一些有益结论,为使用高精度、智能化的先进仪器设备进行公路大型构筑物变形监测积累了一定经验。其次,总结了在本桥施工监测中振弦式应变计安装、测试的实践经验,探讨测试数据的处理方法并进行了实证,从全程测试的数据分析结果看,这种数据处理方法比较合理,符合现场实际情况。最后,通过雅瑶立交主桥施工监测实践,解决了变形监测中一些技术问题,同时也说明了高精度、智能型仪器设备应用于公路大型构筑物变形监测的前景广阔,应用价值高。
本文的研究工作,为深入开展公路大型构筑物变形监测技术研究提供参考。
Deformation monitoring is an important measure for huge highway building to ensure their quality and security, and as an important part in the construction and management system.The new structure, new technique, new material appeared continuously, it puts forward the higher request towards deformation monitoring & control of huge highway building, not only need to monitor its outer deformation but also need to monitor its inside deformation and stress state. In domestic, there are cases that apply GPS, total station and leveler on the deformation monitoring of huge highway building. Compare with abroad, the means of the deformation monitoring is backward, the level of automation is low. Therefore, study deeply to apply high accuracy and intelligent advance instruments to collect data, solve new technique problem in practice, and set up consummate deformation monitoring system is very important.
This paper associates the practice of construction monitoring & control of the main section of the Yayao overpass, carrying on a research to the key technology problem of deformation monitoring of huge highway building by applying Leica TCA2003 total station, digital leveler; vibrating wire sensor. In the first, it takes research on digital leveler and Leica TCA2003 total station in deformation monitoring, several experiment items for some concrete technique problems are designed, and some useful conclusions are obtained. It accumulates experience for deformation monitoring of huge building by applying high accuracy and intelligent advance instruments. Secondly, practical experience in install and test vibrating wire sensors is summed up. The method of data process is explored and putted into practice. It provides reference to the further analogous work. In the end, through practice of construction monitoring & control of the main section of the Yayao overpass, some technique problems in deformation monitoring is resolved, also explained that the high accuracy and intelligent instruments apply in deformation monitoring is broad prospects.
We hope this paper will become the bases of the further research in the field.
本文结合雅瑶立交主桥施工监测和控制实践,对数字水准仪、Leica TCA2003高精度智能型全站仪、振弦式应变计运用于公路大型构筑物变形监测中的一些关键技术进行了研究。首先,研究了Leica TCA2003全站仪、数字水准仪等先进测量仪器在公路大型构筑物变形监测中的应用情况,针对一些具体技术问题,设计了专项试验,得出一些有益结论,为使用高精度、智能化的先进仪器设备进行公路大型构筑物变形监测积累了一定经验。其次,总结了在本桥施工监测中振弦式应变计安装、测试的实践经验,探讨测试数据的处理方法并进行了实证,从全程测试的数据分析结果看,这种数据处理方法比较合理,符合现场实际情况。最后,通过雅瑶立交主桥施工监测实践,解决了变形监测中一些技术问题,同时也说明了高精度、智能型仪器设备应用于公路大型构筑物变形监测的前景广阔,应用价值高。
本文的研究工作,为深入开展公路大型构筑物变形监测技术研究提供参考。
Deformation monitoring is an important measure for huge highway building to ensure their quality and security, and as an important part in the construction and management system.The new structure, new technique, new material appeared continuously, it puts forward the higher request towards deformation monitoring & control of huge highway building, not only need to monitor its outer deformation but also need to monitor its inside deformation and stress state. In domestic, there are cases that apply GPS, total station and leveler on the deformation monitoring of huge highway building. Compare with abroad, the means of the deformation monitoring is backward, the level of automation is low. Therefore, study deeply to apply high accuracy and intelligent advance instruments to collect data, solve new technique problem in practice, and set up consummate deformation monitoring system is very important.
This paper associates the practice of construction monitoring & control of the main section of the Yayao overpass, carrying on a research to the key technology problem of deformation monitoring of huge highway building by applying Leica TCA2003 total station, digital leveler; vibrating wire sensor. In the first, it takes research on digital leveler and Leica TCA2003 total station in deformation monitoring, several experiment items for some concrete technique problems are designed, and some useful conclusions are obtained. It accumulates experience for deformation monitoring of huge building by applying high accuracy and intelligent advance instruments. Secondly, practical experience in install and test vibrating wire sensors is summed up. The method of data process is explored and putted into practice. It provides reference to the further analogous work. In the end, through practice of construction monitoring & control of the main section of the Yayao overpass, some technique problems in deformation monitoring is resolved, also explained that the high accuracy and intelligent instruments apply in deformation monitoring is broad prospects.
We hope this paper will become the bases of the further research in the field.
引文
[1] 王晓华,胡友健,柏柳. 变形监测研究现状综述. 测绘科学,2006,31(2):130-132
[2] 龚建伍. 建筑物变形监测及安全评价方法研究:[武汉大学硕士学位论文]. 武汉:结构工程学院,2004,1-2
[3] Maeda K,Otsuka A,Takano H. The design and construction of the Yokohama Bay Bridge[A]. Tokyo:Elsevier science Publishers,1991
[4] Olusegun. S. Salawn,Cline Williarns. Bridge assessment using forced vibration testing. Journal of structural Engineering, 1995,121(2)
[5] Peter K. K.lee, Duen Ho, Huang Won Hhung. Static and dynamic tests of concrete bridge. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 1987,113(1)
[6] R . E , Kalmall. A New Apporach to Linear Filterillg and Prediction Problems Trans. ASME , SeriesD , Joumal of Basic Ellgillcerillg Vol . 82 , 1960
[7] Jacques Mathivatl. The Cantilever Construction of Presstressed Concrcte Bridge. Jhohn Wiley & Sons 1983
[8] 吴世棋,孔健,张德强. 近景摄影测量在隧道变形监测中的应用. 铁路航测,1994(4):6-8
[9] 王静瑶,吴云. 现代地壳运动与地震监测预报研究现状和发展趋势. 地球科学进展,2000,15(1):84-89
[10] Fujino, Yono and others. Monitoring system of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and displacement measurement using GPS.Proceedings of SPIE 一 The international Society for Optical Engineering Nondestructive Evaluation of Highways,Utilities,and Pipelines IV Mar7 –Mar 92 00 0v 39952 000 Newport Beach,CA,USA
[11] 徐友仁. 光学 CT 方法用于大坝垂线坐标的检测. 激光杂志,1999,20(4):27-29
[12] 张心斌,纪强,张莉. 振弦式应变传感器特性研究. 传感器世界,2003,13(5):2-4
[13] 陈常松,颜东煌,陈政清等. 混凝土振弦式应变计测试技术研究. 中国公路学报,2004,17(1):29-33
[14] 项海帆,徐君兰. 大跨度桥梁施工控制. 北京:人民交通出版社,2000,46-65
[15] 朱建军,贺跃光,曾卓桥. 变形测量的理论与方法. 长沙:中南大学出版社,2004,1-5
[16] Weber, Jon P. (Keith & Schnars, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). TOTAL STATION CAPABILITY. American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping, 1984,166-171
[17] WU Dong-cai. Construction Survey of Large Cable-stayed Bridge. Beijing: Publishing House of Surveying and Mapping ,1996
[18] LIU Zheng-guang,HUANGQi-yuan. Structural Health Monitoring System of Bridge. In: The Symposium in the Thirteenth Session of Bridges. Shanghai: Scientific Conference of Whole Country ,1998
[19] Merkle, Wesley J. Use of the total station for load testing of retrofitted bridges with limited access. in: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5391, Smart Structures and Materials 2004 - Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, 2004,687-694
[20] 刘正光. 人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用. 广西交通科技,2003(1):1-3
[21] 朱桂新,陈旭东,王迎军等. GPS RTK 技术在虎门大桥运营安全监测中的应用. 公路,2002(7):55-58
[22] System User Manual,Printed in Switzerland-Copyright Leica Geosystems AG,Heerbrugg,Switzerland 2003 Translation of original text(710476-2.2.1de)
[23] Application Reference Manual,Printed in Switzerland-Copyright Leica Geosystems AG,Heerbrugg,Switzerland 2003 Translation of original text(710476-2.2.1de)
[24] 张学庄,王爱公,张弛等. 测量机器人系统在五强溪大坝的应用. 大坝观测与土工测试,1999,23(3):24-27
[25] 贺跃光,张学庄,刘宝琛. 变形观测与高精度测量机器人系统. 中国锰业,2003,21(1):23-24
[26] 张学庄,王爱公,张驰. 单波高精度测距系统的研究. 测绘学报,1996,25(3):1986-188
[27] 学庄,王爱公,张驰. 单波测距精度优于 10-6 的研究. 中南工业大学学报,1995,26(6):715-719
[28] 朝奎,朱建军,张学庄. 野外高精度测距中气象元素的现场改正. 地矿测绘,1999,第 3 期:8-11
[29] 张海玲. 基于 TCA2003 全站仪的自动变形监测系统的研制:[山东科技大学硕士学位论文]. 济南:大地测量学与测量工程,2005,19-21
[30] 吴国宏. 小浪底水利枢纽外部变形监测技术研究:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:土木工程学院,2006,70-73
[31] 王永尚,李以赫,肖学年等. 数字水准仪的试验结果及其分析. 测绘通报,2002(4):58-62
[32] 郑国才,高俊强,刘三枝等. 数字水准仪的测量原理及测试精度分析. 南京工业大学学报,2006,28(4):77-81
[33] 王明善,李明,兰启贵. 数字水准仪使用中的几个问题. 四川测绘,2001,24(3):133-134
[34] 信思金. FBG 传感技术在大坝安全监测中的应用研究. 武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(8):34-37
[35] 卢哲安,江志学,石玉华等. 光纤光栅传感技术在桥梁监测中的应用研究.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(11):57-59
[35] 刘东,刘双跃. 钢弦频率计的数学模型与误差分析. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(2):181-184
[36] 邵乃辰. 国外安全监测仪器在二滩工程的应用. 大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(3):51-53
[37] 邓铁六,王清标,胡建明等. 振弦传感技术的新进展及新型锚索测力计. 岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增):1769-1771
[38] 毛良明,王为胜,沈省三. 振弦式传感器及自动化网络测量系统在桥梁安全监测系统中的应用. 传感技术学报,2002(1):73-75
[39] 范立础. 桥梁工程(上、下册). 北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[40] 陆阳,廖敬梅,廖军. 高填方路基衡重式挡墙的变形及稳定的现场监测. 中南公路工程,2006,31(4):9-12
[41] 赵玉. 竖向沉降仪在高速公路路基沉降监测中的应用. 路基工程,2006(5):147-149
[42] 刘占魁,祝云华. 高速公路连拱隧道施工监测及分析. 包头钢铁学院学报,2006,25(3):287-290
[43] 中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ041-2000. 公路桥涵施工技术规范,北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[44] 中华人民共和国交通部. JTG D62-2004. 公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范,北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[45] 国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部. GB50026-93. 工程测量规范,1993
[2] 龚建伍. 建筑物变形监测及安全评价方法研究:[武汉大学硕士学位论文]. 武汉:结构工程学院,2004,1-2
[3] Maeda K,Otsuka A,Takano H. The design and construction of the Yokohama Bay Bridge[A]. Tokyo:Elsevier science Publishers,1991
[4] Olusegun. S. Salawn,Cline Williarns. Bridge assessment using forced vibration testing. Journal of structural Engineering, 1995,121(2)
[5] Peter K. K.lee, Duen Ho, Huang Won Hhung. Static and dynamic tests of concrete bridge. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 1987,113(1)
[6] R . E , Kalmall. A New Apporach to Linear Filterillg and Prediction Problems Trans. ASME , SeriesD , Joumal of Basic Ellgillcerillg Vol . 82 , 1960
[7] Jacques Mathivatl. The Cantilever Construction of Presstressed Concrcte Bridge. Jhohn Wiley & Sons 1983
[8] 吴世棋,孔健,张德强. 近景摄影测量在隧道变形监测中的应用. 铁路航测,1994(4):6-8
[9] 王静瑶,吴云. 现代地壳运动与地震监测预报研究现状和发展趋势. 地球科学进展,2000,15(1):84-89
[10] Fujino, Yono and others. Monitoring system of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and displacement measurement using GPS.Proceedings of SPIE 一 The international Society for Optical Engineering Nondestructive Evaluation of Highways,Utilities,and Pipelines IV Mar7 –Mar 92 00 0v 39952 000 Newport Beach,CA,USA
[11] 徐友仁. 光学 CT 方法用于大坝垂线坐标的检测. 激光杂志,1999,20(4):27-29
[12] 张心斌,纪强,张莉. 振弦式应变传感器特性研究. 传感器世界,2003,13(5):2-4
[13] 陈常松,颜东煌,陈政清等. 混凝土振弦式应变计测试技术研究. 中国公路学报,2004,17(1):29-33
[14] 项海帆,徐君兰. 大跨度桥梁施工控制. 北京:人民交通出版社,2000,46-65
[15] 朱建军,贺跃光,曾卓桥. 变形测量的理论与方法. 长沙:中南大学出版社,2004,1-5
[16] Weber, Jon P. (Keith & Schnars, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). TOTAL STATION CAPABILITY. American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping, 1984,166-171
[17] WU Dong-cai. Construction Survey of Large Cable-stayed Bridge. Beijing: Publishing House of Surveying and Mapping ,1996
[18] LIU Zheng-guang,HUANGQi-yuan. Structural Health Monitoring System of Bridge. In: The Symposium in the Thirteenth Session of Bridges. Shanghai: Scientific Conference of Whole Country ,1998
[19] Merkle, Wesley J. Use of the total station for load testing of retrofitted bridges with limited access. in: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5391, Smart Structures and Materials 2004 - Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, 2004,687-694
[20] 刘正光. 人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用. 广西交通科技,2003(1):1-3
[21] 朱桂新,陈旭东,王迎军等. GPS RTK 技术在虎门大桥运营安全监测中的应用. 公路,2002(7):55-58
[22] System User Manual,Printed in Switzerland-Copyright Leica Geosystems AG,Heerbrugg,Switzerland 2003 Translation of original text(710476-2.2.1de)
[23] Application Reference Manual,Printed in Switzerland-Copyright Leica Geosystems AG,Heerbrugg,Switzerland 2003 Translation of original text(710476-2.2.1de)
[24] 张学庄,王爱公,张弛等. 测量机器人系统在五强溪大坝的应用. 大坝观测与土工测试,1999,23(3):24-27
[25] 贺跃光,张学庄,刘宝琛. 变形观测与高精度测量机器人系统. 中国锰业,2003,21(1):23-24
[26] 张学庄,王爱公,张驰. 单波高精度测距系统的研究. 测绘学报,1996,25(3):1986-188
[27] 学庄,王爱公,张驰. 单波测距精度优于 10-6 的研究. 中南工业大学学报,1995,26(6):715-719
[28] 朝奎,朱建军,张学庄. 野外高精度测距中气象元素的现场改正. 地矿测绘,1999,第 3 期:8-11
[29] 张海玲. 基于 TCA2003 全站仪的自动变形监测系统的研制:[山东科技大学硕士学位论文]. 济南:大地测量学与测量工程,2005,19-21
[30] 吴国宏. 小浪底水利枢纽外部变形监测技术研究:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:土木工程学院,2006,70-73
[31] 王永尚,李以赫,肖学年等. 数字水准仪的试验结果及其分析. 测绘通报,2002(4):58-62
[32] 郑国才,高俊强,刘三枝等. 数字水准仪的测量原理及测试精度分析. 南京工业大学学报,2006,28(4):77-81
[33] 王明善,李明,兰启贵. 数字水准仪使用中的几个问题. 四川测绘,2001,24(3):133-134
[34] 信思金. FBG 传感技术在大坝安全监测中的应用研究. 武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(8):34-37
[35] 卢哲安,江志学,石玉华等. 光纤光栅传感技术在桥梁监测中的应用研究.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(11):57-59
[35] 刘东,刘双跃. 钢弦频率计的数学模型与误差分析. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(2):181-184
[36] 邵乃辰. 国外安全监测仪器在二滩工程的应用. 大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(3):51-53
[37] 邓铁六,王清标,胡建明等. 振弦传感技术的新进展及新型锚索测力计. 岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增):1769-1771
[38] 毛良明,王为胜,沈省三. 振弦式传感器及自动化网络测量系统在桥梁安全监测系统中的应用. 传感技术学报,2002(1):73-75
[39] 范立础. 桥梁工程(上、下册). 北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[40] 陆阳,廖敬梅,廖军. 高填方路基衡重式挡墙的变形及稳定的现场监测. 中南公路工程,2006,31(4):9-12
[41] 赵玉. 竖向沉降仪在高速公路路基沉降监测中的应用. 路基工程,2006(5):147-149
[42] 刘占魁,祝云华. 高速公路连拱隧道施工监测及分析. 包头钢铁学院学报,2006,25(3):287-290
[43] 中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ041-2000. 公路桥涵施工技术规范,北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[44] 中华人民共和国交通部. JTG D62-2004. 公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范,北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[45] 国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部. GB50026-93. 工程测量规范,1993