经济学视角下的物流公共政策研究
摘要
现代物流业作为一个新兴服务业,在经济发展过程中发挥着十分重要的作用,也越来越受到政府及社会各方面的关注。一方面,人们十分高兴地享受着现代物流业带来的快捷简便的服务,另一方面,人们又对物流成本过高、物流服务粗放等问题进行诟病。物流业究竟怎么了?
从一些主要国家物流业发展的经验看,物流业发展都离不开公共政策的支持。日本1992年颁布了《中小物流企业集约化促进法》(常被称着《物流促进法》；美国1996年提出了《美国运输部1997年——2002年财政年度战略规划》；欧盟各国在上个世纪八十年代邮政民营化改革中,各国在为现代物流业制订相当严格的作业和服务规范的同时,也制订了一些放松管制促进其发展的公共政策。我国现代物流业起步晚,现代物流活动中发生的很多问题,都与物流公共政策支持不到位有着相当大的关系。比如：物流成本过高,与道路等物流基础设施的建设制度与经营收费制度是分不开的；物流服务粗放,与我国物流作业标准化工作推进缓慢是分不开的；物流效率低下,与我国物流信息化工作和物流公共信息服务水平低下是分不开的。方方面面的问题,实际反映出了我们物流公共政策跟不上物流业发展的需要。公共政策跟不上,利益协调不好,物流业发展呢?当然就跟不上我国经济发展的需要而要受到社会广泛诟病。
本文试图站在经济学视角,从现代物流产业属性及公共政策相关的经济学理论入手,结合我国物流产业发展过程中,在物流基础设施、物流标准化、物流信息化等方面的政策情况展开讨论。借鉴西方公共政策选择学派和机制设计理论的研究成果,强调物流公共政策机制中,应该以实现物流公共福利为目标,应该引入相关利益主体进行政策博弈,应该通过民主选择机制按机制设计要求形成物流公共政策。
本论文第一章作为导论,仅介绍本论文的选题背景及选题意义、物流公共政策研究现状和研究成果、本论文的学术思想研究方法和技术路线等。发展中国家的后发优势,就是能总结他国的发展经验,利用公共政策引导本国各新兴产业沿着正确的发展方向发展,少走弯路。发展中国家任何新兴产业的发展,都离不开国家公共政策的支持,金融业如此,信息产业如此,现代物流业也如此。
本文第二章,着重介绍现代物流业的产业特征及公共政策需求。现代物流业有着相当高的社会化程度,现代的第三方物流和第四方物流有着十分复杂的主体关系,从物流方案的制订到物流方案实施、从物流活动中的承保承运承贮到物流速递配送、从物流活动的卖方起点到买方终点,方方面面的利益关系交织,这些利益关系的协调需要有相应的物流公共政策引导。同时,现代物流业已经利用现代信息技术和管理技术,从根本上改变了传统商业和储运业务的物流传统特征,深深地渗透于国民经济的方方面面,很多政府文件都将现代物流业列入新兴服务业,这也需要有相应的公共政策支持。再者,现代物流业与现代金融业、现代信息业相似,它们与其他产业部门的联系不是象产业经济学所描绘的前向后向或旁侧的简单的联系,而类似于经济纽带、粘合着国民经济各个部门。因为现代物流业与现代金融业、现代信息业在物资与资金、信息方面的高渗透性,国民经济不再是一堆马铃薯似的产业联系,而是钢筋混泥土似的产业联系。要确保国民经济作为一个有着很强协同性的整体,现代物流业和现代金融业、现代信息业一样,都需要有强有力的公共政策体系支持。
本文第三章的主要内容是物流公共政策经济分析的基础与理论框架。在这一章中,引入了公共福利函数理论、公共选择理论与博弈论、机制设计理论等现代西方经济学的学术成果,对物流公共政策分析建立起了理论框架。物流公共政策必须立足于社会的物流效用与物流福利函数的提升,必须适应社会物流公共偏好；物流公共政策不应该是物流相关管理部门的管理者的游戏,而应该引入各物流关系主体进行充分博弈,并在博弈均衡的基础上进行公共选择；在形成物流公共政策时,还要按照机制设机的一般原理,实现激励相容、显示偏好和贝叶斯均衡。福利函数与博弈论、公共选择、机制设计等,是西方经济学贡献给人类的宝贵的思想财富,对我们物流公共政策机制设计有着十分重要的启示和帮助,现代物流业的利益主体关系相当复杂,涉及的现代物流活动的环节也相当复杂,充分利用好西方经济学相关学术成果,会更加有利于我们制订着能充分满足社会需要的物流公共政策。
本文第四章,主要是介绍物流及相关领域的公共政策。现代物流业是利用现代信息技术与管理技术,整合社会物流相关资源,在物流基础设施平台上,实现货畅其流、物尽其用。从政策内容上看,现行物流公共政策体系大体包括这样几个部分。一是物流基础设施建设与运营中的公共政策；二是物流作业标准及物流标准中的公共政策；三是物流信息化的公共政策；四是政府的物流企业政策。现行的物流政策涉及的行业和部门都很多,而各行业和部门政策在形成时,并没有充分反映物流公共政策效用与偏好,也没有进行各利益主体的博弈与公共选择,更没有按公共政策机制设计要求,实现激励相容与显示偏好、贝叶斯均衡。现行公共政策的公共性体现相当不充分,主要还是过去行政主导经济时期的行政指令在充当着公共政策。这样的物流公共政策反映政府相关管理部门的意志多,反映社会物流公共偏好少；维护相关部门利益多,平衡协调物流各主体利益关系少。这导致现在的物流过程中,矛盾重重、协调性相当差,与物流发展中对公共政策的需求有相当大差距。
本文第五章,主要是介绍物流公共体系及构建设想。首先,必须要走出官僚行政部门的狭窄视野,按公共性原则构建来物流公共政策体系。物流公共政策体系包括物流公共政策的目标体系、物流利益主体关系、物流主体利益博弈机制、物流公共政策选择抉择机制和物流公共政策工具体系。物流公共政策必须从内容到形式都要体现出公共性来,这不是对物流公共政策的理想主义的期望,而是物流公共政策实践中的现实要求。我们不能再继续行政官员制订行政性物流政策的模式了,行政性政策指令只适应于计划经济,而唯一能适应市场经济要求的,只能是反映物流公共效用及偏好的公共政策、只能是经过充分利益博弈和经过公共选择程序的公共政策、只能是满足激励相容、显示偏好和贝叶斯均衡物流主体能自原遵从的公共政策。从西方经济学视角看,我们构建物流公共政策机制,需要利用好现行的部际联系会议制度,建立健全社会物流统计调查工作,建立各级物流协会的民意反馈机制,在公共物流政策形成过程中,反复征求意见,建立必要的公共政策表决形成机制,并在公共政策形成时建立公共政策分析模型及演示,能在获得政策实践时的反馈信息而及时得到调整。
本论文第一章导论确立选题；第二章分析现代物流产业特征和公共政策需求；第三章介绍有助于公共政策形成的西方主要经济学原理,确立分析的理论基础与理论框架；第四章分析现代的物流公共政策及缺陷：第五章提出构建物流公共政策体系和物流公共政策机制的政策建议。全部五章内容,希望能从经济学视角,分析物流公共政策及形成机制,并有助于提升我国物流公共政策公共性和公共政策水平。
让人们能更高兴地享受现代物流业发展带来的快捷简便的服务,这实际上是现代物流业为社会发展和居民生活贡献的福利,也反映了建立良好的物流公共政策推动我国现代物流业进一步发展的愿景。而人们对物流成本过高、物流服务粗放、物流效率低下等问题进行的严厉诟病,却反映了现行物流业发展的不足,反映了现行物流公共政策并没有协调好现代物流活动中的各种利益关系,反映出我们现代的物流公共政策公共性并不充分。这些问题,也提出了物流公共政策努力要实现的目标与方向。
Modern logistics industry, as an emerging service industry, plays a very important role in the process of economic development, and also gets more and more attention by the government and the various circles of society. On the one hand, people are very glad to enjoy the fast and convenient service served by the modern logistics industry; on the other hand, they criticize the problems such as the high cost of logistics, logistics extensive service. What happened to the logistics industry?
From the experience of some of the major nations'logistics development, the development of the logistics industry cannot do without the support of public policy. In1992Japan issued "the intensification of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises Promotion Law"(often referred to "logistics Promotion Law"); In1996United States issued "the U.S. Department of Transportation in1997-2002financial year strategic planning"; EU, during the privatization reforms of the eighties of last century, has also developed a fairly strict operating and service standards for the modern logistics industry. China's modern logistics industry started very late, many of the problems of modern logistics activities has a significant relationship with the missing of public policy's support. The high logistics costs and the logistics infrastructure construction such as roads system and operating charging system are inseparable; extensive logistics services and the slow progress in the standardization of China's logistics operations are inseparable; logistics inefficiencies and China's logistics information and public information service levels are inseparable. All aspects of the problems reflect our logistics actual public policy cannot keep up with the needs of the development of the logistics industry. Since the public policy cannot keep up, coordination of interests is a mass, then what about the development of the logistics industry? Of course,"cannot keep up with the needs of China's economic development".
This paper attempts to share a economics perspective, starting from the attributes of the modern logistics industry and public policy theory, combined with the process of the development of the logistics industry in China, focus the discussions about logistics infrastructure, logistics standardization, logistics information technology and other aspects of policy. Drawing on Western public policy choice theory and mechanism design theory's research, emphasizing that logistics public policy mechanisms should be introduced to the relevant stakeholders for policy game, the formation of the logistics public policy should land on the basis of the game equilibrium.
The first chapter as an introduction only describes the background and significance of the topic of this thesis, the logistics public policy research status and the research academic ideas of the thesis research methods and routes. The advantage of developing countries is that we can sum up other country's development experience, use public policy to guide the emerging national industrial development along the right direction, avoid detours. Any development of emerging industries in developing countries are inseparable from the support of national public policy, financial sector is kind of this, so that the information industry, so modern logistics industry is also the case.
The second chapter focuses on the needs of the industry characteristics of the modern logistics industry and public policy. Modern logistics industry has a very high level of socialization,the modern third-party logistics and fourth party logistics have a very complex subject relationships, from the system of logistics solutions to the implementation of logistics solutions, from the underwriting and storage logistics activities to logistics distribution, from the starting point of the seller of the logistics activities to the end point of the buyer, all aspects of the relationship between the interests intertwined, the coordination of these interests need the logistics public policy guide. At the same time, the modern logistics industry has used the modern information technology and management techniques to fundamentally change the characteristics of traditional commercial storage and transportation business logistics that make a deep penetration in all aspects of the national economy, many government documents included the modern logistics industry as emerging services, which also requires public policy support. Furthermore, modern logistics and modern financial sector, modern information industry are similar:they connect with other sectors not like the Industrial Economics depicted:such as front to back or lateral contact, the contact is similar to the economic ties, which will help modern logistics industry and the modern financial industry for materials and funds of modern information industry's high permeability, the national economy is no longer like a pile of potato industry contacts, but reinforced industry contacts like concrete. To ensure that the national economy as an overall strong synergy, modern logistics just like modern financial sector, modern information industry, needs to have a strong public policy system support.
The main content of this chapter is the basis of the theoretical framework of the logistics public policy of economic analysis. In this chapter, the introduction of public welfare function theory, public choice theory and game theory, mechanism design theory of modern Western economics academic achievements, establish a theoretical framework for the logistics public policy analysis. The public policy of logistics must be based on the logistics effectiveness and social welfare function improvement, must adapt to the social logistics public preferences. The logistics public policy should not be the game of the logistics sector management, the relationship between sectors should be introduced into the full game. The game should be based on public choice. When form public policy, we should also take in accordance with the general principles of the mechanism set up machine, incentive compatibility, display preferences and Bayesian equilibrium. Welfare function and game theory, public choice, mechanism design, Western economics contribute to the valuable human wealth of ideas, inspiration and help of our logistics public policy mechanism design has a very important modern logistics industry stakeholder relationship aspects of modern logistics activities involved is quite complex, and take full advantage of the academic achievements of Western economics, will be more conducive to formulate logistics public policy that can fully meet the needs of the community.
In this paper, the fourth chapter mainly introduced the public policies in the field of logistics and related areas. Modern logistics is the use of modern information technology and management technology, integrate social logistics resources, on the logistics infrastructure platform, implementation of cargo. From a view of policy point for public policy content, the current logistics system generally consists of several parts. One is the logistics infrastructure construction and operation of public policy; the second is logistics operation standard and standard of public policy; the third is the logistics information public policy; the forth is the government policy of logistics enterprise. Existing logistics policies involved many industries and departments, and various industries and department policy in formed, has not fully reflect the logistics public policy effectiveness and preferences, nor in the interest of game theory and public choice, more not in accordance with the requirements of public policy mechanism design to realize incentive compatibility and preference, the Bayesian equilibrium. Modern public policy reflect quite inadequate publicity, mostly past administrative dominant economic administrative instructions serve as public policy, reflecting more relevant government administrative department will, reflect the social logistics public preferences. Related department interests many, less balance coordinate the relationship between the interests of the subject of each logistics. It cause that now in the process of logistics, the contradiction and coordination is rather poor, and logistics demand for public policy in developing consist a considerable gap.
In this paper, the fifth chapter mainly introduced tentative plan and how to build logistics public system. First thing is to get out of the narrow vision of bureaucratic administrative department field, based on the principles of public building logistics system of public policy. Logistics public policy system including the goal of public policy system, logistics interest relation, the logistics subject game mechanism, logistics public policy choice decision mechanism and the logistics system of public policy tool. Logistics must embody the public instinct to public policy, public policy this is not the logistics of idealistic expectations, but logistics requirements for the reality in the practice of public policy. We can no longer continue to administrative officials to formulate the policy of administrative logistics mode, administrative policy instructions only adapted to the planned economy, and the only thing that can adapt to the requirements of the market economy, can only reflect the logistics public utility and preferences of the public policy, only through full benefit gambling and through public choice process of public policy. Only can be the policy to meet the incentive compatibility, display preferences and Bayesian equilibrium. From western economics perspective, we build logistics public policy mechanisms, to make good use of the current contact inter-ministerial meeting system, establishing and perfecting the social logistics statistical investigation work, establish logistics association for public opinion feedback mechanisms at all levels, in the process of logistics policy again and again for advice, set up necessary public policy on forming mechanism, and make the public policy analysis model established and the demonstration during the public policy formation.
In this paper the first chapter introduction selected topic, the second chapter, form the analysis of characteristics of modern logistics industry and public policy requirements, the third chapter helps to form the public policy of western major economics principle, establish the theoretical foundation of the analysis and theory of architecture. The fourth chapter gives the analysis of modern logistics of public policy and defects. Chapter five proposes the establishment conforms to both to comply with the relevant principle of economics, but also reflect the logistics development objective need logistics mechanism of public policy. All five chapters, we hope it can give public policy analysis of logistics and the formation mechanism from the perspectives of economics, and help to promote the level of commonality of logistics public policy and public policy in our country.
To make people more glad to enjoy the modem logistics industry development which bring fast and convenient service, this is actually the welfare of the modem logistics industry development for the society and contribute to the residents'life, and it also reflects the logistics of establish a good public policy to promote further development of modern logistics industry of our country's vision. But there are people who stand with high logistics costs, logistics service problems such as extensive severely criticized, reflect the deficiency of the current logistics industry development, reflects the current logistics public policy does not coordinate various interest relations in the modem logistics activity, reflect our modem logistics commonality of public policy is not sufficient. These problems put forward the direction of the logistics public policy's effort to implement.
从一些主要国家物流业发展的经验看,物流业发展都离不开公共政策的支持。日本1992年颁布了《中小物流企业集约化促进法》(常被称着《物流促进法》；美国1996年提出了《美国运输部1997年——2002年财政年度战略规划》；欧盟各国在上个世纪八十年代邮政民营化改革中,各国在为现代物流业制订相当严格的作业和服务规范的同时,也制订了一些放松管制促进其发展的公共政策。我国现代物流业起步晚,现代物流活动中发生的很多问题,都与物流公共政策支持不到位有着相当大的关系。比如：物流成本过高,与道路等物流基础设施的建设制度与经营收费制度是分不开的；物流服务粗放,与我国物流作业标准化工作推进缓慢是分不开的；物流效率低下,与我国物流信息化工作和物流公共信息服务水平低下是分不开的。方方面面的问题,实际反映出了我们物流公共政策跟不上物流业发展的需要。公共政策跟不上,利益协调不好,物流业发展呢?当然就跟不上我国经济发展的需要而要受到社会广泛诟病。
本文试图站在经济学视角,从现代物流产业属性及公共政策相关的经济学理论入手,结合我国物流产业发展过程中,在物流基础设施、物流标准化、物流信息化等方面的政策情况展开讨论。借鉴西方公共政策选择学派和机制设计理论的研究成果,强调物流公共政策机制中,应该以实现物流公共福利为目标,应该引入相关利益主体进行政策博弈,应该通过民主选择机制按机制设计要求形成物流公共政策。
本论文第一章作为导论,仅介绍本论文的选题背景及选题意义、物流公共政策研究现状和研究成果、本论文的学术思想研究方法和技术路线等。发展中国家的后发优势,就是能总结他国的发展经验,利用公共政策引导本国各新兴产业沿着正确的发展方向发展,少走弯路。发展中国家任何新兴产业的发展,都离不开国家公共政策的支持,金融业如此,信息产业如此,现代物流业也如此。
本文第二章,着重介绍现代物流业的产业特征及公共政策需求。现代物流业有着相当高的社会化程度,现代的第三方物流和第四方物流有着十分复杂的主体关系,从物流方案的制订到物流方案实施、从物流活动中的承保承运承贮到物流速递配送、从物流活动的卖方起点到买方终点,方方面面的利益关系交织,这些利益关系的协调需要有相应的物流公共政策引导。同时,现代物流业已经利用现代信息技术和管理技术,从根本上改变了传统商业和储运业务的物流传统特征,深深地渗透于国民经济的方方面面,很多政府文件都将现代物流业列入新兴服务业,这也需要有相应的公共政策支持。再者,现代物流业与现代金融业、现代信息业相似,它们与其他产业部门的联系不是象产业经济学所描绘的前向后向或旁侧的简单的联系,而类似于经济纽带、粘合着国民经济各个部门。因为现代物流业与现代金融业、现代信息业在物资与资金、信息方面的高渗透性,国民经济不再是一堆马铃薯似的产业联系,而是钢筋混泥土似的产业联系。要确保国民经济作为一个有着很强协同性的整体,现代物流业和现代金融业、现代信息业一样,都需要有强有力的公共政策体系支持。
本文第三章的主要内容是物流公共政策经济分析的基础与理论框架。在这一章中,引入了公共福利函数理论、公共选择理论与博弈论、机制设计理论等现代西方经济学的学术成果,对物流公共政策分析建立起了理论框架。物流公共政策必须立足于社会的物流效用与物流福利函数的提升,必须适应社会物流公共偏好；物流公共政策不应该是物流相关管理部门的管理者的游戏,而应该引入各物流关系主体进行充分博弈,并在博弈均衡的基础上进行公共选择；在形成物流公共政策时,还要按照机制设机的一般原理,实现激励相容、显示偏好和贝叶斯均衡。福利函数与博弈论、公共选择、机制设计等,是西方经济学贡献给人类的宝贵的思想财富,对我们物流公共政策机制设计有着十分重要的启示和帮助,现代物流业的利益主体关系相当复杂,涉及的现代物流活动的环节也相当复杂,充分利用好西方经济学相关学术成果,会更加有利于我们制订着能充分满足社会需要的物流公共政策。
本文第四章,主要是介绍物流及相关领域的公共政策。现代物流业是利用现代信息技术与管理技术,整合社会物流相关资源,在物流基础设施平台上,实现货畅其流、物尽其用。从政策内容上看,现行物流公共政策体系大体包括这样几个部分。一是物流基础设施建设与运营中的公共政策；二是物流作业标准及物流标准中的公共政策；三是物流信息化的公共政策；四是政府的物流企业政策。现行的物流政策涉及的行业和部门都很多,而各行业和部门政策在形成时,并没有充分反映物流公共政策效用与偏好,也没有进行各利益主体的博弈与公共选择,更没有按公共政策机制设计要求,实现激励相容与显示偏好、贝叶斯均衡。现行公共政策的公共性体现相当不充分,主要还是过去行政主导经济时期的行政指令在充当着公共政策。这样的物流公共政策反映政府相关管理部门的意志多,反映社会物流公共偏好少；维护相关部门利益多,平衡协调物流各主体利益关系少。这导致现在的物流过程中,矛盾重重、协调性相当差,与物流发展中对公共政策的需求有相当大差距。
本文第五章,主要是介绍物流公共体系及构建设想。首先,必须要走出官僚行政部门的狭窄视野,按公共性原则构建来物流公共政策体系。物流公共政策体系包括物流公共政策的目标体系、物流利益主体关系、物流主体利益博弈机制、物流公共政策选择抉择机制和物流公共政策工具体系。物流公共政策必须从内容到形式都要体现出公共性来,这不是对物流公共政策的理想主义的期望,而是物流公共政策实践中的现实要求。我们不能再继续行政官员制订行政性物流政策的模式了,行政性政策指令只适应于计划经济,而唯一能适应市场经济要求的,只能是反映物流公共效用及偏好的公共政策、只能是经过充分利益博弈和经过公共选择程序的公共政策、只能是满足激励相容、显示偏好和贝叶斯均衡物流主体能自原遵从的公共政策。从西方经济学视角看,我们构建物流公共政策机制,需要利用好现行的部际联系会议制度,建立健全社会物流统计调查工作,建立各级物流协会的民意反馈机制,在公共物流政策形成过程中,反复征求意见,建立必要的公共政策表决形成机制,并在公共政策形成时建立公共政策分析模型及演示,能在获得政策实践时的反馈信息而及时得到调整。
本论文第一章导论确立选题；第二章分析现代物流产业特征和公共政策需求；第三章介绍有助于公共政策形成的西方主要经济学原理,确立分析的理论基础与理论框架；第四章分析现代的物流公共政策及缺陷：第五章提出构建物流公共政策体系和物流公共政策机制的政策建议。全部五章内容,希望能从经济学视角,分析物流公共政策及形成机制,并有助于提升我国物流公共政策公共性和公共政策水平。
让人们能更高兴地享受现代物流业发展带来的快捷简便的服务,这实际上是现代物流业为社会发展和居民生活贡献的福利,也反映了建立良好的物流公共政策推动我国现代物流业进一步发展的愿景。而人们对物流成本过高、物流服务粗放、物流效率低下等问题进行的严厉诟病,却反映了现行物流业发展的不足,反映了现行物流公共政策并没有协调好现代物流活动中的各种利益关系,反映出我们现代的物流公共政策公共性并不充分。这些问题,也提出了物流公共政策努力要实现的目标与方向。
Modern logistics industry, as an emerging service industry, plays a very important role in the process of economic development, and also gets more and more attention by the government and the various circles of society. On the one hand, people are very glad to enjoy the fast and convenient service served by the modern logistics industry; on the other hand, they criticize the problems such as the high cost of logistics, logistics extensive service. What happened to the logistics industry?
From the experience of some of the major nations'logistics development, the development of the logistics industry cannot do without the support of public policy. In1992Japan issued "the intensification of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises Promotion Law"(often referred to "logistics Promotion Law"); In1996United States issued "the U.S. Department of Transportation in1997-2002financial year strategic planning"; EU, during the privatization reforms of the eighties of last century, has also developed a fairly strict operating and service standards for the modern logistics industry. China's modern logistics industry started very late, many of the problems of modern logistics activities has a significant relationship with the missing of public policy's support. The high logistics costs and the logistics infrastructure construction such as roads system and operating charging system are inseparable; extensive logistics services and the slow progress in the standardization of China's logistics operations are inseparable; logistics inefficiencies and China's logistics information and public information service levels are inseparable. All aspects of the problems reflect our logistics actual public policy cannot keep up with the needs of the development of the logistics industry. Since the public policy cannot keep up, coordination of interests is a mass, then what about the development of the logistics industry? Of course,"cannot keep up with the needs of China's economic development".
This paper attempts to share a economics perspective, starting from the attributes of the modern logistics industry and public policy theory, combined with the process of the development of the logistics industry in China, focus the discussions about logistics infrastructure, logistics standardization, logistics information technology and other aspects of policy. Drawing on Western public policy choice theory and mechanism design theory's research, emphasizing that logistics public policy mechanisms should be introduced to the relevant stakeholders for policy game, the formation of the logistics public policy should land on the basis of the game equilibrium.
The first chapter as an introduction only describes the background and significance of the topic of this thesis, the logistics public policy research status and the research academic ideas of the thesis research methods and routes. The advantage of developing countries is that we can sum up other country's development experience, use public policy to guide the emerging national industrial development along the right direction, avoid detours. Any development of emerging industries in developing countries are inseparable from the support of national public policy, financial sector is kind of this, so that the information industry, so modern logistics industry is also the case.
The second chapter focuses on the needs of the industry characteristics of the modern logistics industry and public policy. Modern logistics industry has a very high level of socialization,the modern third-party logistics and fourth party logistics have a very complex subject relationships, from the system of logistics solutions to the implementation of logistics solutions, from the underwriting and storage logistics activities to logistics distribution, from the starting point of the seller of the logistics activities to the end point of the buyer, all aspects of the relationship between the interests intertwined, the coordination of these interests need the logistics public policy guide. At the same time, the modern logistics industry has used the modern information technology and management techniques to fundamentally change the characteristics of traditional commercial storage and transportation business logistics that make a deep penetration in all aspects of the national economy, many government documents included the modern logistics industry as emerging services, which also requires public policy support. Furthermore, modern logistics and modern financial sector, modern information industry are similar:they connect with other sectors not like the Industrial Economics depicted:such as front to back or lateral contact, the contact is similar to the economic ties, which will help modern logistics industry and the modern financial industry for materials and funds of modern information industry's high permeability, the national economy is no longer like a pile of potato industry contacts, but reinforced industry contacts like concrete. To ensure that the national economy as an overall strong synergy, modern logistics just like modern financial sector, modern information industry, needs to have a strong public policy system support.
The main content of this chapter is the basis of the theoretical framework of the logistics public policy of economic analysis. In this chapter, the introduction of public welfare function theory, public choice theory and game theory, mechanism design theory of modern Western economics academic achievements, establish a theoretical framework for the logistics public policy analysis. The public policy of logistics must be based on the logistics effectiveness and social welfare function improvement, must adapt to the social logistics public preferences. The logistics public policy should not be the game of the logistics sector management, the relationship between sectors should be introduced into the full game. The game should be based on public choice. When form public policy, we should also take in accordance with the general principles of the mechanism set up machine, incentive compatibility, display preferences and Bayesian equilibrium. Welfare function and game theory, public choice, mechanism design, Western economics contribute to the valuable human wealth of ideas, inspiration and help of our logistics public policy mechanism design has a very important modern logistics industry stakeholder relationship aspects of modern logistics activities involved is quite complex, and take full advantage of the academic achievements of Western economics, will be more conducive to formulate logistics public policy that can fully meet the needs of the community.
In this paper, the fourth chapter mainly introduced the public policies in the field of logistics and related areas. Modern logistics is the use of modern information technology and management technology, integrate social logistics resources, on the logistics infrastructure platform, implementation of cargo. From a view of policy point for public policy content, the current logistics system generally consists of several parts. One is the logistics infrastructure construction and operation of public policy; the second is logistics operation standard and standard of public policy; the third is the logistics information public policy; the forth is the government policy of logistics enterprise. Existing logistics policies involved many industries and departments, and various industries and department policy in formed, has not fully reflect the logistics public policy effectiveness and preferences, nor in the interest of game theory and public choice, more not in accordance with the requirements of public policy mechanism design to realize incentive compatibility and preference, the Bayesian equilibrium. Modern public policy reflect quite inadequate publicity, mostly past administrative dominant economic administrative instructions serve as public policy, reflecting more relevant government administrative department will, reflect the social logistics public preferences. Related department interests many, less balance coordinate the relationship between the interests of the subject of each logistics. It cause that now in the process of logistics, the contradiction and coordination is rather poor, and logistics demand for public policy in developing consist a considerable gap.
In this paper, the fifth chapter mainly introduced tentative plan and how to build logistics public system. First thing is to get out of the narrow vision of bureaucratic administrative department field, based on the principles of public building logistics system of public policy. Logistics public policy system including the goal of public policy system, logistics interest relation, the logistics subject game mechanism, logistics public policy choice decision mechanism and the logistics system of public policy tool. Logistics must embody the public instinct to public policy, public policy this is not the logistics of idealistic expectations, but logistics requirements for the reality in the practice of public policy. We can no longer continue to administrative officials to formulate the policy of administrative logistics mode, administrative policy instructions only adapted to the planned economy, and the only thing that can adapt to the requirements of the market economy, can only reflect the logistics public utility and preferences of the public policy, only through full benefit gambling and through public choice process of public policy. Only can be the policy to meet the incentive compatibility, display preferences and Bayesian equilibrium. From western economics perspective, we build logistics public policy mechanisms, to make good use of the current contact inter-ministerial meeting system, establishing and perfecting the social logistics statistical investigation work, establish logistics association for public opinion feedback mechanisms at all levels, in the process of logistics policy again and again for advice, set up necessary public policy on forming mechanism, and make the public policy analysis model established and the demonstration during the public policy formation.
In this paper the first chapter introduction selected topic, the second chapter, form the analysis of characteristics of modern logistics industry and public policy requirements, the third chapter helps to form the public policy of western major economics principle, establish the theoretical foundation of the analysis and theory of architecture. The fourth chapter gives the analysis of modern logistics of public policy and defects. Chapter five proposes the establishment conforms to both to comply with the relevant principle of economics, but also reflect the logistics development objective need logistics mechanism of public policy. All five chapters, we hope it can give public policy analysis of logistics and the formation mechanism from the perspectives of economics, and help to promote the level of commonality of logistics public policy and public policy in our country.
To make people more glad to enjoy the modem logistics industry development which bring fast and convenient service, this is actually the welfare of the modem logistics industry development for the society and contribute to the residents'life, and it also reflects the logistics of establish a good public policy to promote further development of modern logistics industry of our country's vision. But there are people who stand with high logistics costs, logistics service problems such as extensive severely criticized, reflect the deficiency of the current logistics industry development, reflects the current logistics public policy does not coordinate various interest relations in the modem logistics activity, reflect our modem logistics commonality of public policy is not sufficient. These problems put forward the direction of the logistics public policy's effort to implement.
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