面向产品设计的数字化功能样机技术的研究及应用
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摘要
产品的创新主要集中在产品设计环节,设计对产品的质量、售后服务和环境影响也起着决定性的作用,应用现代设计方法对产品进行设计,提高产品的创新和竞争能力是占有市场的重要手段。产品的数字化设计作为现代设计方法的前沿近年来发展迅速,数字化功能样机设计属于数字化设计的范畴,它主要侧重于数字化样机的功能仿真与分析,是提高产品性能的重要技术手段。本文对数字化功能样机的理论进行了研究,并将数字化功能样机技术应用到联合收割机的设计中,对其关键零部件的性能进行了仿真、有限元分析与优化。
     对数字化功能样机的理论基础—计算多体系统动力学和有限元分析进行了研究,介绍了多刚体系统动力学的基本概念、运动学分析和动力学分析,并对多柔体系统动力学进行了介绍;对有限元法的理论进行了介绍,说明了有限元的基本原理和求解步骤。
     对机械产品的几何建模、特征建模、参数化建模和数字化装配理论进行了研究,采用参数化特征建模方式建立了联合收割机零部件的三维实体模型,并在此基础上对其进行了虚拟装配,并对装配体进行了干涉检验,得到了联合收割机的关键部件及其整机的数字化功能样机模型,为后续的仿真、分析、优化奠定了基础。
     对机械系统的数字化仿真进行了研究,利用机械系统动力仿真软件ADAMS对联合收割机的关键部件—切割器、振动筛进行运动和动力仿真、并根据理论分析验证仿真结果的正确性,得到真实情况下的仿真曲线,为联合收割机的设计提供依据。在合理假设的前提下,从整体的、概率的角度建立了纵向联合收割机脱粒滚筒的数学模型,并对其进行了计算机模拟,仿真的结果较好的显示了脱粒装置的性能,为联合收割机脱粒滚筒的设计提供了理论基础。
     针对联合收割机机架承载情况复杂,一般参考同机型类比设计的情况,利用有限元软件ANSYS对联合收割机的机架进行了有限元静动态特性分析,得出了联合收割机机架结构在静止或匀速行驶工况和紧急制动工况下的应力情况,并对其进行了分析;同时对机架结构的模态分析,得到了前六阶模态,并对其进行了动力分析。为保证联合收割机脱粒滚筒的动态特性,对联合收割机的脱粒滚筒进行了模态分析,得出了它的前八阶模态与振型,通过分析,该滚筒的动态特性良好,不会发生共振。
     研究了机械结构优化设计的理论,并对在ADAMS中进行优化设计进行了介绍,在此基础上根据振动筛的仿真结果,对其进行了结构优化设计,使得优化后振动筛的结构更加合理。在对ANSYS中的优化设计介绍的基础上,对割刀摆臂进行了结构优化,使得优化后摆臂结构在满足应力条件的情况下质量明显减少,减小了摆臂的惯性力对割台的冲击,降低了割台的振动,得到了较好的优化结果。
     本文将数字化功能样机技术应用到联合收割机中,对联合收割机的数字化设计进行了探索,对于提高农业机械设计的水平具有重要意义,也为其他农业机械的设计提供了一种技术手段和设计方法。
Innovation of product rest with product design tache mostly, and it is important to the product's quality, service and environment. Enhancing the ability of product's innovation and competition with applying the modern design method is very important to possessing market. Product digital design is one of the modern design method, and it develop fast in recent years. Digital design include the functional digital prototyping, which emphasize particularly on the functional simulation and analysis and benefit enhancing the product's function. The functional digital prototyping theory was researched and apply it to the combine harvester, the simulation, finite element analysis and optimization of the combine harvester's key parts was done.
     Theory foundation of functional digital prototyping are multi-Body system dynamics and finite element analysis. They were researched in this paper. Basic concept, kinematics analysis, dynamics analysis of multi-rigid-body dynamics and multi-flexible-body dynamics were introduced. The finite element theory was also introduced and the rationale and solving step of it were illuminated.
     The geometry modeling, feature modeling, parametric modeling and digital assembly modeling theory of the mechanic product were researched in this paper. The parametric feature modeling was adopted in the combine harvester's parts model building and the virtual assembly was done based on the solid model. Functional digital prototyping model of combine harvester's key parts and the whole machine were completed by intervention checking. It is the basic for the simulation, analysis and optimization.
     Digital simulation of the mechanic system was researched in this paper. The movement and dynamic simulation of the cutter and vibration sieve which key parts of combine harvester were done adopting the software ADAMS, and the simulation curve in the real condition were gained by simulating. Simulation result was validated by theoretic analysis, which provided the gist for the combine harvester design. The mathematical model of threshing of axial unit with axial feeding is established based on the probability theory, and simulated on the computer. The result of simulation shows that the model reflects the performance of the threshing unit, and provided the theory for the threshing unit design.
     Aim at the vehicle frame bear the weight of complex and its design is analogy design commonly, the static and dynamic characteristic analysis of combine harvester vehicle frame was finished using the finite element software, ANSYS . The vehicle frame stress in the static and braking condition were gained and analyzed, at the same time, the modal analysis of vehicle frame was done, former six order mode shape was gained and the dynamic analysis was done. The modal analysis of combine harvester's threshing unit was done to ensuring its dynamic characteristic. The former eight order mode shape were achieved, the dynamic characteristic of threshing unit was good and sympathetic vibration will not happen.
     The theory of mechanical structure optimization design was researched in this paper. How to done the optimization design in the ADAMS was introduced, and the optimization design of vibration sieve was done based on the simulation of it. The structure of vibration sieve was more rational after optimization. The structure optimization design of cutter asway arm was completed based on ANSYS software. The asway arm structure quality reduced obviously with satisfy the stress condition which reduced the impact and the vibration. The result of optimization was better to the former.
     The technology of functional digital prototyping was applied to the combine harvester in this paper. The discuss of combine harvester digital design was carried through. It have important significance to enhancing the farm machine design level, and provided one of design means and technique for the others farm machine.
引文
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