微电网逆变电源控制策略的研究
|
摘要
由于超高压、集中式、远距离的大电网供电模式在电能质量、可靠性、经济性、安全性及灵活性方面存在问题,使可再生能源为主的分布式发电技术得以发展。随着传统主要能源的日益减少,太阳能、风能、热能等清洁、环保的可再生能源的开发和利用越来越受到重视。利用这些新能源转化为电能与电网并网发电技术是目前研究的关键。将微源与负荷连接在一块,形成可控的、能并网运行和孤岛运行的小电网称为微电网。微电网代表着电力系统新的发展方向,正在成为当前的研究热点。
本文首先介绍了微电网的研究背景及意义,微电网的技术概念和国内外微电网的发展状况。接着分析了微电网的运行要求和控制策略,分别介绍了微电网的PQ控制法、下垂控制和倒下垂控制,分析了他们各自控制的优缺点,并在此基础上采用了一种新的控制方法即基于虚拟同步发电机思想的控制策略,最后对微电源逆变器进行了主电路设计。而后建立了虚拟同步发电机模型,重点设计了功频控制器和电压控制器。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验表明,采用虚拟同步发电机机电暂态算法和调节系统建立的虚拟同步发电机能够模拟实际的同步发电机的输出特性,具有良好的稳态,动态调节性能,能很好的适应微电网的运行要求。最后设计了虚拟同步发电机微电源系统的电路结构和控制系统,选用了TMS320F2808芯片作为该系统的主控制器,给出了微电源系统的控制框架,对控制系统进行了硬件电路和软件设计
本文主要研究了微电网逆变电源的控制策略,利用基于虚拟同步发电机思想提出了一种新型微电网逆变电源,即虚拟同步发电机逆变电源。分析并建立了虚拟同步发电机逆变器的模型,通过仿真试验,结果表明由该逆变电源组成的微电网既能连接大电网运行,又能实现孤岛运行时频率的无差控制。
Due to many issues such as power quality, reliability, economy, security, flexibility, in a large power grid with ultra-high voltage, centralized, long-distance transmission, the distributed generation technology with renewable energy begins to develop. With the decrease of traditional primary energy, the energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and other clean, environmentally renewable energy are becoming more and more attractive, then how to develop and use them are taken more and more attention. How to convert these new energies into electrical energy and the grid-connected power generation technology are current study key point. A small grid that connecting micro-sources and loads, is known as microgrid, which is controllable and can operate in both grid-connecting and islanding mode, is becoming current research emphasis, and represents a new developing trend.
The research background, concept, domestic and overseas developments of microgrid are introduced first in this paper, then the microgrid operation requirements and control strategy are analyzed. Some controlling methods, such as microgrid PQ control, droop-control and reverse droop-control, are introduced respectively and analyzed according to their own advantages and disadvantages. A new control method, which is based on the idea of virtual synchronous generator control strategy, is applied consequently, and then a virtual synchronous generator model is established, which focus on the power/frequency controller and voltage controller designs. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results show that the established virtual synchronous generator, which is based on virtual synchronous generator electromechanical transient algorithms and control system, can simulate the actual output characteristics of synchronous generator, have a good steady-state and dynamic-state regulation performance, then can easily adapt to microgrid operation requirements. A virtual micro-source synchronous generator, consisting of main circuit and control system, is designed finally, in which the DSP TMS320F2808 chip is used as the main controller. The control framework of micro-source, hardware circuit and software for the control system are also designed.
The microgrid inverter control strategy is mainly studied in this paper, and a new-type microgrid inverter, i.e. a virtual synchronous generator inverter, is proposed based on virtual synchronous generator. The model of this new-type microgrid inverter is studied and established. The simulation results show that the microgrid formed by this new-type inverters can both operates in grid-connected mode and achieves zero-error control of frequency in islanding operation mode.
本文首先介绍了微电网的研究背景及意义,微电网的技术概念和国内外微电网的发展状况。接着分析了微电网的运行要求和控制策略,分别介绍了微电网的PQ控制法、下垂控制和倒下垂控制,分析了他们各自控制的优缺点,并在此基础上采用了一种新的控制方法即基于虚拟同步发电机思想的控制策略,最后对微电源逆变器进行了主电路设计。而后建立了虚拟同步发电机模型,重点设计了功频控制器和电压控制器。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验表明,采用虚拟同步发电机机电暂态算法和调节系统建立的虚拟同步发电机能够模拟实际的同步发电机的输出特性,具有良好的稳态,动态调节性能,能很好的适应微电网的运行要求。最后设计了虚拟同步发电机微电源系统的电路结构和控制系统,选用了TMS320F2808芯片作为该系统的主控制器,给出了微电源系统的控制框架,对控制系统进行了硬件电路和软件设计
本文主要研究了微电网逆变电源的控制策略,利用基于虚拟同步发电机思想提出了一种新型微电网逆变电源,即虚拟同步发电机逆变电源。分析并建立了虚拟同步发电机逆变器的模型,通过仿真试验,结果表明由该逆变电源组成的微电网既能连接大电网运行,又能实现孤岛运行时频率的无差控制。
Due to many issues such as power quality, reliability, economy, security, flexibility, in a large power grid with ultra-high voltage, centralized, long-distance transmission, the distributed generation technology with renewable energy begins to develop. With the decrease of traditional primary energy, the energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and other clean, environmentally renewable energy are becoming more and more attractive, then how to develop and use them are taken more and more attention. How to convert these new energies into electrical energy and the grid-connected power generation technology are current study key point. A small grid that connecting micro-sources and loads, is known as microgrid, which is controllable and can operate in both grid-connecting and islanding mode, is becoming current research emphasis, and represents a new developing trend.
The research background, concept, domestic and overseas developments of microgrid are introduced first in this paper, then the microgrid operation requirements and control strategy are analyzed. Some controlling methods, such as microgrid PQ control, droop-control and reverse droop-control, are introduced respectively and analyzed according to their own advantages and disadvantages. A new control method, which is based on the idea of virtual synchronous generator control strategy, is applied consequently, and then a virtual synchronous generator model is established, which focus on the power/frequency controller and voltage controller designs. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results show that the established virtual synchronous generator, which is based on virtual synchronous generator electromechanical transient algorithms and control system, can simulate the actual output characteristics of synchronous generator, have a good steady-state and dynamic-state regulation performance, then can easily adapt to microgrid operation requirements. A virtual micro-source synchronous generator, consisting of main circuit and control system, is designed finally, in which the DSP TMS320F2808 chip is used as the main controller. The control framework of micro-source, hardware circuit and software for the control system are also designed.
The microgrid inverter control strategy is mainly studied in this paper, and a new-type microgrid inverter, i.e. a virtual synchronous generator inverter, is proposed based on virtual synchronous generator. The model of this new-type microgrid inverter is studied and established. The simulation results show that the microgrid formed by this new-type inverters can both operates in grid-connected mode and achieves zero-error control of frequency in islanding operation mode.
引文
[1]梁才浩,段献忠.分布式发电及其对电力系统的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(12)：53-56.
[2]JenkinsN,AllenR,CrossleyP,etal.Embedded generation[M].London:IEE,2000.
[3]Willis H L,Scott W G. Distributed power generation:planning and evaluation[M].New York:CRC, 2000.
[4]王庆一.可再生能源现状、前景与政策[J].中国电力,2002,36(1)：68-73.
[5]严陆光,夏训诚,周凤起等.我国大规模可再生能源基地与技术的发展研究[J].电工电能新技术,2007,26(1)：13-25.
[6]陈炳贻.新世纪发电装置的开发研究[J].燃气涡轮实验与研究,2002,55(4)：57-60.
[7]国家发改委能源局可再生能源和农村电力处.国际可再生能源发展现状和趋势[J].中国创业投资与高科技,2004,(1)：21-24.
[8]中华人民共和国可再生能源法.2005.
[9]LasseterB.Microgrids[C]. Proeeedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001,Page(s):146-149.
[10]鲁宗相,王彩霞,阂勇等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19)：100-107.
[11]LasseterR,AkhilA,MarnayC,etal.Integration of distributed energy resources[R]. The CERTS Microgrid Concept. LBNL-50829. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory:2002.
[12]Piagi P,Lasseter R H.Autonomous control of microgrids[C].Proeeedings of IEEE PES Meeting, 2006,Page(s):8-15.
[13]Macken K J P, Bollen M H J,Belmans R J M.Tigation of Voltage Dips Through Distributed Generation Systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2004,40(6):1686-1693.
[14]Caire R,Retiere N,Martino S,et al.Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network[A]. In:2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C]. 2002.1423-1428.
[15]Niknam T,Ranjbar A M,Shirani A R.Impact of Distributed Generation on Volt/Var Control in Distribution Networks[C]. In:IEEE Power Tech Conference Proceedings [C]. Bologna:2003.
[16]刘凤君.高效环保的燃料电池发电系统及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社2005：6-8.
[17]王长贵,崔容强,周篁.新能源发电技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003.
[18]张昊志,李政,孙昕等.正在兴起的微透平技术[J].动力工程,2001,21(6)：1532-1538.
[19]赵士杭.新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展[J].燃气轮机技术,2001,14(2)：8-13.
[20]航冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：86-88.
[21]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术的发展现状[J].太阳能学报,2000,(4)：427-33.
[22]Mcdowall J A. Opport unities for electricity storage in distributed generation and renewables [C]. Proeeedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001,(2):1165-1168.
[23]刘建戈,周建华.用户侧蓄电池储能装置的研究[J].电气应用,2008,27(13)：65-68.
[24]Lasseter R H. Microgrids[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,New York,Jan, 2002:305-308.
[25]Lasseter R H, Paigi P. Microgrids:a conceptual solution[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, June,2004:4285-4290.
[26]Phillips L R. Tasking and policy for distributed microgrid management[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June,2007:1-4.
[27]Lasseter R H.Certs microgrid[C]. IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, April,2007:1-5.
[28]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平等.新型电网-微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(12)：75-80.
[29]Morozumi S. Microgrid demonstration projects in japan[C]. Power Conversio Conference,Nagoya, 2007 (4).
[30]李青锋,许化强,刘鲁丹.国外微电网的研究概况及其在我国的应用前景楼书氢[J].华中电力,2009(3).
[31]郑漳华,艾芊.微电网的研究现状及在我国的应用前景[J].电网技术,2008,32(16)：27-31.
[32]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统化,2007,31(19)：100-107.
[33]孙树敏,刘洪顺,李庆民等.电力系统故障限流器研究综述[J].电网技术,2008,32(21)：75-79.
[34]陈刚,江道灼,吴兆麟.固态短路限流器的研究与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2003，27(10)：89-94.
[35]Henry S,Baldwin T. ImProvement of Power quality by means of fault current limitation[C]. Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium,2004, Page(s):280-284.
[36]Pedrasa M A, Spooner T, Wales S, etal. A survey of techniques used to control microgrid generation and storage during island operation[C]. Proeeedings of 2006 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference,2006.
[37]纪明伟,分布式发电中微电网技术控制策略的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,20090301.
[38]Qing Chang Zhong.George Weiss. Static Synchronous Generators for Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy. [C].
[39]陈忠莹,分布式逆变电源均流控制技术研究[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文,20060301.
[40]摆世彬,微型电网控制技术的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,20080601.
[41]吕婷婷,微电源控制方法与微电网暂态特性的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文20100416.
[42]朱丹,苏建徽,吴蓓蓓.基于虚拟同步发电机的微电网控制方法研究[J].电力系统及其自动化,2010.
[43]陈监.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：98-108.
[44]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：187-204.
[45]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009.
[46]贺敬.适用于微电网的逆变电源并联组网控制技术研究.[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.20090401.
[47]王葵,孙莹.电力系统自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.
[48]刘金琨.《先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真》[M].电子工业出版社,2003.1.
[49]三恒星科技.TMS320F2812DSP原理与应用实例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.2.
[50]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆,张永秀等.TMS320X281xDSP原理及C程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.2.
[51]谢峰.基于CAN总线的三相逆变电源并联运行研究.[D].江南大学硕士学位论文.20080601.
[52]陈忠莹.分布式逆变电源均流控制技术的研究.[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文.20060301.
[53]杜春洋,王宇超等TMS320F281xDSPC语言开发[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010.9.
[54]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：北京机械出版社,2000：152-157.
[55]张斐.单传感器数字控制功率因数校正技术研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2009.
[2]JenkinsN,AllenR,CrossleyP,etal.Embedded generation[M].London:IEE,2000.
[3]Willis H L,Scott W G. Distributed power generation:planning and evaluation[M].New York:CRC, 2000.
[4]王庆一.可再生能源现状、前景与政策[J].中国电力,2002,36(1)：68-73.
[5]严陆光,夏训诚,周凤起等.我国大规模可再生能源基地与技术的发展研究[J].电工电能新技术,2007,26(1)：13-25.
[6]陈炳贻.新世纪发电装置的开发研究[J].燃气涡轮实验与研究,2002,55(4)：57-60.
[7]国家发改委能源局可再生能源和农村电力处.国际可再生能源发展现状和趋势[J].中国创业投资与高科技,2004,(1)：21-24.
[8]中华人民共和国可再生能源法.2005.
[9]LasseterB.Microgrids[C]. Proeeedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001,Page(s):146-149.
[10]鲁宗相,王彩霞,阂勇等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19)：100-107.
[11]LasseterR,AkhilA,MarnayC,etal.Integration of distributed energy resources[R]. The CERTS Microgrid Concept. LBNL-50829. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory:2002.
[12]Piagi P,Lasseter R H.Autonomous control of microgrids[C].Proeeedings of IEEE PES Meeting, 2006,Page(s):8-15.
[13]Macken K J P, Bollen M H J,Belmans R J M.Tigation of Voltage Dips Through Distributed Generation Systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2004,40(6):1686-1693.
[14]Caire R,Retiere N,Martino S,et al.Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network[A]. In:2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C]. 2002.1423-1428.
[15]Niknam T,Ranjbar A M,Shirani A R.Impact of Distributed Generation on Volt/Var Control in Distribution Networks[C]. In:IEEE Power Tech Conference Proceedings [C]. Bologna:2003.
[16]刘凤君.高效环保的燃料电池发电系统及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社2005：6-8.
[17]王长贵,崔容强,周篁.新能源发电技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003.
[18]张昊志,李政,孙昕等.正在兴起的微透平技术[J].动力工程,2001,21(6)：1532-1538.
[19]赵士杭.新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展[J].燃气轮机技术,2001,14(2)：8-13.
[20]航冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：86-88.
[21]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术的发展现状[J].太阳能学报,2000,(4)：427-33.
[22]Mcdowall J A. Opport unities for electricity storage in distributed generation and renewables [C]. Proeeedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001,(2):1165-1168.
[23]刘建戈,周建华.用户侧蓄电池储能装置的研究[J].电气应用,2008,27(13)：65-68.
[24]Lasseter R H. Microgrids[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,New York,Jan, 2002:305-308.
[25]Lasseter R H, Paigi P. Microgrids:a conceptual solution[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, June,2004:4285-4290.
[26]Phillips L R. Tasking and policy for distributed microgrid management[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June,2007:1-4.
[27]Lasseter R H.Certs microgrid[C]. IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, April,2007:1-5.
[28]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平等.新型电网-微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(12)：75-80.
[29]Morozumi S. Microgrid demonstration projects in japan[C]. Power Conversio Conference,Nagoya, 2007 (4).
[30]李青锋,许化强,刘鲁丹.国外微电网的研究概况及其在我国的应用前景楼书氢[J].华中电力,2009(3).
[31]郑漳华,艾芊.微电网的研究现状及在我国的应用前景[J].电网技术,2008,32(16)：27-31.
[32]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统化,2007,31(19)：100-107.
[33]孙树敏,刘洪顺,李庆民等.电力系统故障限流器研究综述[J].电网技术,2008,32(21)：75-79.
[34]陈刚,江道灼,吴兆麟.固态短路限流器的研究与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2003，27(10)：89-94.
[35]Henry S,Baldwin T. ImProvement of Power quality by means of fault current limitation[C]. Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium,2004, Page(s):280-284.
[36]Pedrasa M A, Spooner T, Wales S, etal. A survey of techniques used to control microgrid generation and storage during island operation[C]. Proeeedings of 2006 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference,2006.
[37]纪明伟,分布式发电中微电网技术控制策略的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,20090301.
[38]Qing Chang Zhong.George Weiss. Static Synchronous Generators for Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy. [C].
[39]陈忠莹,分布式逆变电源均流控制技术研究[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文,20060301.
[40]摆世彬,微型电网控制技术的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,20080601.
[41]吕婷婷,微电源控制方法与微电网暂态特性的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文20100416.
[42]朱丹,苏建徽,吴蓓蓓.基于虚拟同步发电机的微电网控制方法研究[J].电力系统及其自动化,2010.
[43]陈监.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：98-108.
[44]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：187-204.
[45]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009.
[46]贺敬.适用于微电网的逆变电源并联组网控制技术研究.[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.20090401.
[47]王葵,孙莹.电力系统自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.
[48]刘金琨.《先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真》[M].电子工业出版社,2003.1.
[49]三恒星科技.TMS320F2812DSP原理与应用实例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.2.
[50]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆,张永秀等.TMS320X281xDSP原理及C程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.2.
[51]谢峰.基于CAN总线的三相逆变电源并联运行研究.[D].江南大学硕士学位论文.20080601.
[52]陈忠莹.分布式逆变电源均流控制技术的研究.[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文.20060301.
[53]杜春洋,王宇超等TMS320F281xDSPC语言开发[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010.9.
[54]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：北京机械出版社,2000：152-157.
[55]张斐.单传感器数字控制功率因数校正技术研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2009.