镇级供电企业线损的理论计算及降损研究
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摘要
线损是指电网运营企业在电能传输过程中所发生的全部电能损耗,其不仅直接影响着企业的经济效益,而且也在一定程度上说明了一个供电企业的管理水平,是供电企业管理的关键环节之一。通过降低线损,实现多供少损,既能提高供电企业收入,还有利于节能降耗。造成损耗的成因是多样的,而在不同区域内各种因素产生的损耗比重也不相同,消除各种因素的成本也相差甚远,甚至一些理论降损措施在实际工作中根本不适用。要确保整改措施行之有效,关键是准确的理论计算,它能有效地对各种因素引起的损耗进行定量分析,对各项整改措施进行效果预先评估,避免无效投资。
但基于数据的处理能力和测量技术,目前的常用的理论线损软件多使用简化计算,准确度未能达到要求。本文将分析引起计算失准的原因,并提出改进措施,在原软件的基础上,通过调整输入数据,使理论线损计算的准确度达到要求,并以古井镇供电所实际系统参数和实际运行数据,验证改进措施对理论线损计算准确度的提高效果。本文还将以实际线损工作为实例,利用理论线损分析各种因素引起的损耗所占比重,提出针对性的降损措施,对比实施前后的数据,检验降损措施的可行性和降损效果,根据降损效果成本比,制定出比较常用的降损流程。这将对降低镇级供电企业的网络损耗和供电成本,提高供电企业的经营管理水平和经济效益具有重要的理论和现实意义。
Line loss refers to the total electric energy loss from the electric power transmissions in the power-supply enterprises operating in the power grid. It does not only relate to the economic benefits of a power-supply enterprise, but also is a key management factor that reflecting the level of the enterprise operation. To achieve more-supply-less-loss by taking the measures of reducing the line loss will save energy and increase the revenue of the power-supply enterprise. The causes of the line loss are diverse. So are the proportions of the component factors in the line loss in different regions. The cost of eliminating these factors can be rather different. Furthermore, some measures which should reduce line loss in theory are inapplicable in the practical situations. The key to effect the solution measures is the accuracy of the theoretical calculations. It will contribute to the quantitative analysis on the various factors that caused the line loss, the pre-evaluation on the effects of the measures and the investment decisions.
However, the common-used softwares can only theoretically undertake the simplified calculations on the line loss, due to the basic ability of the data process and simple measure technology. The accuracy of this calculation can not meet the actual requirements. This paper will analyze the causes of inaccuracy and propose the improvement measures. Adjusting the input data appropriately while using the same software is to make the accuracy of the theoretical line loss calculation meet the requirements. The actual improvements on the accuracy will be examined according to the actual system parameters and operating data of Gujing Town Power Supply Station. Also, this paper will analyze the proportions of the component factors in the line loss and propose the improvement measures, subjected to the actual situations. The feasibility and effects of these measures will be examined by the comparison of the before-after data of the implementation. The procedures of reducing the line loss to be commonly used will be specially formulated upon the cost-effect ratio. It, significantly in theory and practice, will be able not only to reduce the line loss and the cost of power supply operations of the township power-supply enterprises, but also to improve the management level and the revenue of the power supply enterprises.
但基于数据的处理能力和测量技术,目前的常用的理论线损软件多使用简化计算,准确度未能达到要求。本文将分析引起计算失准的原因,并提出改进措施,在原软件的基础上,通过调整输入数据,使理论线损计算的准确度达到要求,并以古井镇供电所实际系统参数和实际运行数据,验证改进措施对理论线损计算准确度的提高效果。本文还将以实际线损工作为实例,利用理论线损分析各种因素引起的损耗所占比重,提出针对性的降损措施,对比实施前后的数据,检验降损措施的可行性和降损效果,根据降损效果成本比,制定出比较常用的降损流程。这将对降低镇级供电企业的网络损耗和供电成本,提高供电企业的经营管理水平和经济效益具有重要的理论和现实意义。
Line loss refers to the total electric energy loss from the electric power transmissions in the power-supply enterprises operating in the power grid. It does not only relate to the economic benefits of a power-supply enterprise, but also is a key management factor that reflecting the level of the enterprise operation. To achieve more-supply-less-loss by taking the measures of reducing the line loss will save energy and increase the revenue of the power-supply enterprise. The causes of the line loss are diverse. So are the proportions of the component factors in the line loss in different regions. The cost of eliminating these factors can be rather different. Furthermore, some measures which should reduce line loss in theory are inapplicable in the practical situations. The key to effect the solution measures is the accuracy of the theoretical calculations. It will contribute to the quantitative analysis on the various factors that caused the line loss, the pre-evaluation on the effects of the measures and the investment decisions.
However, the common-used softwares can only theoretically undertake the simplified calculations on the line loss, due to the basic ability of the data process and simple measure technology. The accuracy of this calculation can not meet the actual requirements. This paper will analyze the causes of inaccuracy and propose the improvement measures. Adjusting the input data appropriately while using the same software is to make the accuracy of the theoretical line loss calculation meet the requirements. The actual improvements on the accuracy will be examined according to the actual system parameters and operating data of Gujing Town Power Supply Station. Also, this paper will analyze the proportions of the component factors in the line loss and propose the improvement measures, subjected to the actual situations. The feasibility and effects of these measures will be examined by the comparison of the before-after data of the implementation. The procedures of reducing the line loss to be commonly used will be specially formulated upon the cost-effect ratio. It, significantly in theory and practice, will be able not only to reduce the line loss and the cost of power supply operations of the township power-supply enterprises, but also to improve the management level and the revenue of the power supply enterprises.
引文
[1]赖建,杨薇.低压配电智能管理系统及其效果分析[J].电力系统通信,2009,02:004
[2]徐先勇,罗安等.配电网综合电气节能关键技术研究[J].电网技术,2009,07:013
[3]崔静,王阳等.低压成套无功功率补偿装置发展分析及研究[J].电器工业,2009,07:019
[4]赖建,杨薇.配变监测及无功补偿管理信息系统及效果分析[J].农村电气化,2008,S1:034
[5]施创,吕红杰.谐波滤除装置在供配电系统中的应用[J].橡塑技术与装备,2008,12:012
[6]杨泓,陈众励.供配电系统节能设计中的几个问题[J].智能建筑电气技术,2007,03:005
[7]张宁,张少海.降低电力网线损的技术措施[J].农机化研究,2005.04:126
[8]梁庆峰,戚风林.无功补偿及谐波治理方法浅谈[J].电气传动自动化,2005,03:019
[9]舒适.企业高低压配电网电气节能新技术的研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[10]贺继艳.农网降损节能效益评估系统的研究与实现[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010
[11]李洪凯.供电公司线损在线分析系统的研究和应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[12]金治乾.DSP智能无功补偿及谐波抑制的研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2008
[13]邓绍虎.配变监控管理系统技术研究与开发应用[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[14]黑晓鹏.大东供电分公司线损管理研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文,2007
[15]王涛.电网企业降损节能研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008
[16]潘艳蓉.配电网线损考核指标及降损策略的研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004
[17]陈彤彤.农村电网线损计算分析与降损措施研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006
[18]张鸿雁.配电网线损分析及降损措施研究[D].东北电力大学硕士学位论文,2007
[19]虞丽华.谐波对电能计量准确度的影响及其解决措施[J].中国新技术新产品,2010,022:02
[20]王金亮,袁绍军,张伟.谐波情况下的电能在线计量系统设计[J].低压电器,2010,09:42-43
[21]金寿星.基于DSP的谐波电能计量装置的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[22]唐福顺,禹仲明.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].湖南电力,2002,05(22):14-15
[23]李静威,李帅.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].民营科技,2009,12:14
[24]刘英杰.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].黑龙江电力,2008,2(30):108-118
[25]张存礼,骆永纪.谐波对感应式电能表计量影响与对策[J].电力设备,2006,01:017
[26]姚月梅,孔巍.提高电能计量精度的办法[J].有色冶金节能,2005,5:47-48
[27]广东电网公司,华南理工大学电力学院.配电网无功补偿效益评估项目工作总结[R].广州,2006
[28]王维洲,温志伟.考虑谐波影响的电气化铁路供电系统损耗分析[J].电气应用,2010,24(29):70-73
[29]王葵.电网谐波数据的检测与分析研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2008
[30]潘明.海口灵山地区中低压配电网降低线损问题研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010
[31]陈海涵,邓昌辉,程启诚.配电网无功补偿降损效果的评估[J].电力系统自动化,2006,13(30):105-107
[32]吴强.实际配电系统线损分析与降损措施研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2004
[33]吴元月.县级供电企业降损研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007
[34] Rubin Taleski, Dragoslav Rajicic. Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Energy Loss Reduction, IEEE Transaction On Power System. Vol.12,No.1,February 1997
[35] G.Levitin, A. Kakyuzhny, Ashenkman, M.Chertkov. Optimal capacitor allocation indistribution systems using a genetic algorithm and a fast energy loss, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery. Vol.15, No.2, April 2000.
[36] Joanicjusz Nazarko, Zbigniew Styczynski. Mirooslaw Poplawski. The fuzzy opproach to energy losses calculations in low voltage distribution networks. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.2000.IEEE
[37] Sun D I H, Abe S, Shoults R R. Calculation of energy losses in a distribution system. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems,1980,PAS-99(4):1347-1356
[38]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):7-11.
[2]徐先勇,罗安等.配电网综合电气节能关键技术研究[J].电网技术,2009,07:013
[3]崔静,王阳等.低压成套无功功率补偿装置发展分析及研究[J].电器工业,2009,07:019
[4]赖建,杨薇.配变监测及无功补偿管理信息系统及效果分析[J].农村电气化,2008,S1:034
[5]施创,吕红杰.谐波滤除装置在供配电系统中的应用[J].橡塑技术与装备,2008,12:012
[6]杨泓,陈众励.供配电系统节能设计中的几个问题[J].智能建筑电气技术,2007,03:005
[7]张宁,张少海.降低电力网线损的技术措施[J].农机化研究,2005.04:126
[8]梁庆峰,戚风林.无功补偿及谐波治理方法浅谈[J].电气传动自动化,2005,03:019
[9]舒适.企业高低压配电网电气节能新技术的研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[10]贺继艳.农网降损节能效益评估系统的研究与实现[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010
[11]李洪凯.供电公司线损在线分析系统的研究和应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[12]金治乾.DSP智能无功补偿及谐波抑制的研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2008
[13]邓绍虎.配变监控管理系统技术研究与开发应用[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[14]黑晓鹏.大东供电分公司线损管理研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文,2007
[15]王涛.电网企业降损节能研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008
[16]潘艳蓉.配电网线损考核指标及降损策略的研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004
[17]陈彤彤.农村电网线损计算分析与降损措施研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006
[18]张鸿雁.配电网线损分析及降损措施研究[D].东北电力大学硕士学位论文,2007
[19]虞丽华.谐波对电能计量准确度的影响及其解决措施[J].中国新技术新产品,2010,022:02
[20]王金亮,袁绍军,张伟.谐波情况下的电能在线计量系统设计[J].低压电器,2010,09:42-43
[21]金寿星.基于DSP的谐波电能计量装置的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[22]唐福顺,禹仲明.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].湖南电力,2002,05(22):14-15
[23]李静威,李帅.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].民营科技,2009,12:14
[24]刘英杰.基于电力谐波的电能计量分析[J].黑龙江电力,2008,2(30):108-118
[25]张存礼,骆永纪.谐波对感应式电能表计量影响与对策[J].电力设备,2006,01:017
[26]姚月梅,孔巍.提高电能计量精度的办法[J].有色冶金节能,2005,5:47-48
[27]广东电网公司,华南理工大学电力学院.配电网无功补偿效益评估项目工作总结[R].广州,2006
[28]王维洲,温志伟.考虑谐波影响的电气化铁路供电系统损耗分析[J].电气应用,2010,24(29):70-73
[29]王葵.电网谐波数据的检测与分析研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2008
[30]潘明.海口灵山地区中低压配电网降低线损问题研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010
[31]陈海涵,邓昌辉,程启诚.配电网无功补偿降损效果的评估[J].电力系统自动化,2006,13(30):105-107
[32]吴强.实际配电系统线损分析与降损措施研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2004
[33]吴元月.县级供电企业降损研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007
[34] Rubin Taleski, Dragoslav Rajicic. Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Energy Loss Reduction, IEEE Transaction On Power System. Vol.12,No.1,February 1997
[35] G.Levitin, A. Kakyuzhny, Ashenkman, M.Chertkov. Optimal capacitor allocation indistribution systems using a genetic algorithm and a fast energy loss, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery. Vol.15, No.2, April 2000.
[36] Joanicjusz Nazarko, Zbigniew Styczynski. Mirooslaw Poplawski. The fuzzy opproach to energy losses calculations in low voltage distribution networks. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.2000.IEEE
[37] Sun D I H, Abe S, Shoults R R. Calculation of energy losses in a distribution system. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems,1980,PAS-99(4):1347-1356
[38]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):7-11.