不同栽培条件对略阳地区雪莲果产量和品质的影响
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摘要
于2010年到2011年在陕西省略阳地区对雪莲果进行了大田试验，研究不同播种时间、密度和施肥对雪莲果产量和品质的影响；探讨了播期、栽培密度、不同氮、磷、钾肥用量对雪莲果产量和主要成分的影响。为雪莲果的栽培提供了理论依据。主要研究结果如下：
1、栽培密度对雪莲果产量和质量的影响：适合略阳地区的最佳栽培密度为800株/667m2。在该密度条件下，雪莲果的单株产量、平均每个块根的质量、块根中总糖和还原糖的含量最高；低聚果糖的含量为果实干重的60.73%，比最高者仅低3.98个百分点，二者在统计学上无显著差异。总酚酸和总黄酮的含量在600株/667m~2到1200株/667m~2的范围内随着密度的增大而增高。不同的密度对植株高度、主茎直径、分枝数的影响无显著差异；800株/667m~2条件下的平均透光率最低，地上部分的长势最旺盛，产量最大。
2、施肥对雪莲果产量和质量的影响：适合略阳地区的最佳施肥方案是农家肥2000kg/667m~2。在该处理下，雪莲果的单株产量、平均每个块根的质量最大；总糖、还原糖和低聚果糖的含量在各处理中处于第二位的水平。各处理之间总酚酸和总黄酮的含量没有显著差异。不同的施肥方案对株高有极显著影响，对分枝数有显著影响，对主茎直径没有影响。与密度实验相同的是，田间透光率越小的处理，单株产量越高。
3、雪莲果综合栽培研究：从正交实验得到各因素对产量影响的大小为：氮肥＞密度＞钾肥＞磷肥＞播期。各因素最佳水平组合为：4月12日播种，密度为600株/667m~2，氮肥施用量为5kg/667m~2，磷肥施用量为5kg/667m~2，钾肥施用量为7.5kg/667m~2。
This research deal with the effect of different seedtime, planting densities and fertilizationon the yeild and quality of yacon via field experiments in Lueyang area from2010to2011;discussing effect of different factors, including seedtime, planting density, nitrogenapplication, phosphorous application and potash application on the yield and content of maincomponents of yacon. All the results provide theoretical basis to the cultivation of yacon.Themain results are as follows:
1.The effect of planting density on yeild and quality of yacon: the optimal plantingdensity in Lueyang area is800sterms/667m2. On this condition, we got the best single plantyeild, average tuber root weight, total sugar content and reduced sugar content in the tuberroot. the contents of fructooligosaccharides is60.73percent of the dry matter of tuber root,only3.98percentage point lower than the highest one, there is no significant differencebetween them. The contents of total phenolic acid and total flavonoids are increasing with thedensity increasing from600sterms/667m2to1200sterms/667m2.There is no significant effecton the plant hight, main stem diameter and plant branches. In the800sterms/667m2condition,average light transmittance is lower than that of other treatments, overground parts grow best,whlie production is the largest.
2.The effect of fertilization on the yeild and qaulity of yacon: the best fertilizationscheme is using farm manure2000kg/667m2in Lueyang area. This treatment produced thebest single plant yeild and average tuber root weight; the content of total sugar, reduced sugarand fructooligosaccharides are the second in four treatments. The total phenolic acid and totalflavonoids contents of each treatment have no signigificant difference. Different treatmentshave extremely significant influence on the plant height, have significant influence on theplant branches, have no significance on stem diameter. As the same as density experiment,average light transmittance of this treatment is the lowest, while production is the highest.
3.Synthesis resaerch on cultivation of yacon:the result of orthogonal experiment indicatethe effect of each factor on the yeild: nitrogen fertilizer＞density＞potash fertilizer＞phosphatic fertilizer＞seedtime.The optimal level of factors are:seed in April12th,600sterm/667m~2, using nitrogen fertilizer5kg/667m~2, using phosphatic fertilizer5kg/667m~2,using potash fertilizer7.5kg/667m~2.
1、栽培密度对雪莲果产量和质量的影响：适合略阳地区的最佳栽培密度为800株/667m2。在该密度条件下，雪莲果的单株产量、平均每个块根的质量、块根中总糖和还原糖的含量最高；低聚果糖的含量为果实干重的60.73%，比最高者仅低3.98个百分点，二者在统计学上无显著差异。总酚酸和总黄酮的含量在600株/667m~2到1200株/667m~2的范围内随着密度的增大而增高。不同的密度对植株高度、主茎直径、分枝数的影响无显著差异；800株/667m~2条件下的平均透光率最低，地上部分的长势最旺盛，产量最大。
2、施肥对雪莲果产量和质量的影响：适合略阳地区的最佳施肥方案是农家肥2000kg/667m~2。在该处理下，雪莲果的单株产量、平均每个块根的质量最大；总糖、还原糖和低聚果糖的含量在各处理中处于第二位的水平。各处理之间总酚酸和总黄酮的含量没有显著差异。不同的施肥方案对株高有极显著影响，对分枝数有显著影响，对主茎直径没有影响。与密度实验相同的是，田间透光率越小的处理，单株产量越高。
3、雪莲果综合栽培研究：从正交实验得到各因素对产量影响的大小为：氮肥＞密度＞钾肥＞磷肥＞播期。各因素最佳水平组合为：4月12日播种，密度为600株/667m~2，氮肥施用量为5kg/667m~2，磷肥施用量为5kg/667m~2，钾肥施用量为7.5kg/667m~2。
This research deal with the effect of different seedtime, planting densities and fertilizationon the yeild and quality of yacon via field experiments in Lueyang area from2010to2011;discussing effect of different factors, including seedtime, planting density, nitrogenapplication, phosphorous application and potash application on the yield and content of maincomponents of yacon. All the results provide theoretical basis to the cultivation of yacon.Themain results are as follows:
1.The effect of planting density on yeild and quality of yacon: the optimal plantingdensity in Lueyang area is800sterms/667m2. On this condition, we got the best single plantyeild, average tuber root weight, total sugar content and reduced sugar content in the tuberroot. the contents of fructooligosaccharides is60.73percent of the dry matter of tuber root,only3.98percentage point lower than the highest one, there is no significant differencebetween them. The contents of total phenolic acid and total flavonoids are increasing with thedensity increasing from600sterms/667m2to1200sterms/667m2.There is no significant effecton the plant hight, main stem diameter and plant branches. In the800sterms/667m2condition,average light transmittance is lower than that of other treatments, overground parts grow best,whlie production is the largest.
2.The effect of fertilization on the yeild and qaulity of yacon: the best fertilizationscheme is using farm manure2000kg/667m2in Lueyang area. This treatment produced thebest single plant yeild and average tuber root weight; the content of total sugar, reduced sugarand fructooligosaccharides are the second in four treatments. The total phenolic acid and totalflavonoids contents of each treatment have no signigificant difference. Different treatmentshave extremely significant influence on the plant height, have significant influence on theplant branches, have no significance on stem diameter. As the same as density experiment,average light transmittance of this treatment is the lowest, while production is the highest.
3.Synthesis resaerch on cultivation of yacon:the result of orthogonal experiment indicatethe effect of each factor on the yeild: nitrogen fertilizer＞density＞potash fertilizer＞phosphatic fertilizer＞seedtime.The optimal level of factors are:seed in April12th,600sterm/667m~2, using nitrogen fertilizer5kg/667m~2, using phosphatic fertilizer5kg/667m~2,using potash fertilizer7.5kg/667m~2.
引文
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