基于服务水平与成本的物流配送能力研究
摘要
配送作为供应链的一环,连接着上游的供应方和下游的需求方,对产品起着时间和空间增值的作用,对整个供应链的运营绩效有着重大的影响。20世界90年代以来的实践证明,配送是一种非常好的物流方式。现在,制造商和经销商对配送这种物流方式已逐渐接受并普遍采用,物流配送成为连锁店的配套工程,配送得到了迅速的发展。然而,在实际的物流配送运作中我们可以发现,开展物流配送服务时存在着一定能力的约束,它们制约着企业配送服务水平的提高,影响着企业的整体运营绩效。同时,在提供物流配送服务时,必然会带来一定成本的消耗,寻求如何在服务水平与成本之间取得平衡已经成为众多企业非常重视的问题。因此,论文从能力、服务水平与成本的角度,详尽研究物流配送能力,这不仅有利于从理论上加深对物流配送能力的理解,而且有利于在实践中更好地指导物流配送运作,具有一定的实际应用价值。文章在借鉴已有研究工作的基础上,主要做了如下工作:
①论文在国内外学者对能力和服务能力以及配送基础理论研究的基础上,对物流配送能力的概念进行了界定,同时提出了物流配送能力的构成要素框架体系;
②在物流配送服务能力构成要素分析的基础上,进一步研究了影响物流配送能力的相关环节能力的量化问题,列举了配送相关环节能力的计算公式和衡量公式,同时研究了相关环节能力对物流配送能力的影响,最终目的是找出物流配送服务能力的制约要素;
③配送服务水平和成本是影响物流配送服务能力的重要因素,论文对配送成本构成和配送服务影响因素进行了详细分析;在此基础上,提出了如何权衡服务水平与成本的定量化研究方法,建立了两个基于配送服务水平与成本间权衡的物流配送问题研究模型,并进行了实证分析。
Distribution as a part of the supply chain, connecting the upper suppliers and the lower demanders, plays the role of adding the value of time and space and has a great impact on the performance of the whole supply chain. In the actual operation of the distribution, we can find that there are some certain capacity restraints during the process of distribution services, which constrain the improvement of distribution service level and affect the enterprise operating performance. As the same time, as the competition of the market speeding up and the advantages of the distribution growing, customers demand better and better distribution services. To satisfy the higher and higher demands of the customers, enterprises have to increase the operating costs to raising the standard of service. So, how to find a balance between costs of distribution and services becomes an urgent problem needed to be solved. Therefore, based on the balance between service and cost, the article exhaustively studied the distribution capacity, which will not only help us to understand deeply distribution capacity in theory, but also conduct distribution operation and offer customers a higher level of personalized delivery service. Based on some existing research fruits, the article has mainly done the following work.
①On the basis of the concepts of capacity, the concept of distribution capacity was defined. And according to the relevant studies of distribution capacity and logistics capacity, the framework elements of the distribution capacity was put forward, and the factors of affecting distribution capacity were discussed in detail.
②Based on the above research, the article set up some quantitative models to calculate the distribution capacity elements, mainly from the point of view of all aspects of distribution.
③Distribution services and costs are two major factors considered, so the article analyzed the distribution cost and the general requirements of distribution services, and qualitatively studied the relationship between them. Based on the above, the article put forward a quantitative research methodology on how to weigh the cost and service, and established two models and applied to examples.
①论文在国内外学者对能力和服务能力以及配送基础理论研究的基础上,对物流配送能力的概念进行了界定,同时提出了物流配送能力的构成要素框架体系;
②在物流配送服务能力构成要素分析的基础上,进一步研究了影响物流配送能力的相关环节能力的量化问题,列举了配送相关环节能力的计算公式和衡量公式,同时研究了相关环节能力对物流配送能力的影响,最终目的是找出物流配送服务能力的制约要素;
③配送服务水平和成本是影响物流配送服务能力的重要因素,论文对配送成本构成和配送服务影响因素进行了详细分析;在此基础上,提出了如何权衡服务水平与成本的定量化研究方法,建立了两个基于配送服务水平与成本间权衡的物流配送问题研究模型,并进行了实证分析。
Distribution as a part of the supply chain, connecting the upper suppliers and the lower demanders, plays the role of adding the value of time and space and has a great impact on the performance of the whole supply chain. In the actual operation of the distribution, we can find that there are some certain capacity restraints during the process of distribution services, which constrain the improvement of distribution service level and affect the enterprise operating performance. As the same time, as the competition of the market speeding up and the advantages of the distribution growing, customers demand better and better distribution services. To satisfy the higher and higher demands of the customers, enterprises have to increase the operating costs to raising the standard of service. So, how to find a balance between costs of distribution and services becomes an urgent problem needed to be solved. Therefore, based on the balance between service and cost, the article exhaustively studied the distribution capacity, which will not only help us to understand deeply distribution capacity in theory, but also conduct distribution operation and offer customers a higher level of personalized delivery service. Based on some existing research fruits, the article has mainly done the following work.
①On the basis of the concepts of capacity, the concept of distribution capacity was defined. And according to the relevant studies of distribution capacity and logistics capacity, the framework elements of the distribution capacity was put forward, and the factors of affecting distribution capacity were discussed in detail.
②Based on the above research, the article set up some quantitative models to calculate the distribution capacity elements, mainly from the point of view of all aspects of distribution.
③Distribution services and costs are two major factors considered, so the article analyzed the distribution cost and the general requirements of distribution services, and qualitatively studied the relationship between them. Based on the above, the article put forward a quantitative research methodology on how to weigh the cost and service, and established two models and applied to examples.
引文
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[3]杨波.多品种随机数学模型的物流配送中心选址问题.中国管理科学,2003,11(2):45-49
[4]韩庆兰,梅运先.基于BP人工神经网络的物流配送中心选址决策.中国软科学,2004,(6):140-143
[5]Jiuh-Biing Sheu.Locating manufacturing and distribution centers:An integrated supply chain based spatial interaction approach.Transportation Research Part E,2003,39:381-397
[6]谭凌,高峻峻,王迎军.基于库存成本优化的配送中心选址问题研究.系统工程学报,2004,19(1):59-65
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[12]Wikrom Jaruphongsa,Sila Cetinkaya,Chung-Yee Lee.Warehouse space capacity and delivery time window consideration in dynamic lot-sizing for a simple supply chain.International Journal of Production economics,2004,92:169-180
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[19]Anthony Ross,Cornelia Droge.An integrated benchmarking approach to distribution center performance using DEA modeling.Journal of Operations Management,2002,20:19-32
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[25]李轶平,陈治亚.物流配送中心车辆运输能力评估方法[J].长沙铁道学院学报,2003,21(2):92-95
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[28]马士华,陈习勇.供应链环境下的物流能力构成及其特征研究[J].管理学报,2004,1(1):107-111
[29]马士华,孟庆鑫.供应链物流能力的研究现状及发展趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(3):301-307
[30]Stanley E Fawcett;Linda L Stanley;Sheldon R Smith.Developing a logistics capability to improve the performance of international operations.Journal of Business Logistics,1997,Vol,18(2):101-127
[31]Stank,Theodore P.,Lackery Charles,W.Jr.1997.Enhancing performance through logistical capabilities in Mexican maquiladora firms.Journal of business logistics,18(1):91-111
[32]Patricia J Daugherty;Theodore P Stank;Alexander E Ellinger Leveraging logistics/distribution capabilities:The effect of logistics service on market share.Journal of Business Logistics,1998,Vol.19(2):35-51
[33]廖森贵.物流能力与组织绩效关系之研究.台北科技大学学报,1999,vol.32,299-312
[34]Elinger A.Improving marketing/logistics cross-functional collaboration in the supply chain.Industrial Marketing Management[J],2000,Vol.29(1):1-12
[35]Daniel F Lynch;Scott B Keller;John Ozment.The effects of logistics capabilities and strategy on firm performance.Journal of Business Logistics,2000,Vol.21(2):47-67
[36]Meng Zhao;Comelia Droge;Theodore P Stork.The effects of logistics capabilities on firm performance:Customer-focused versus information-focused capabilities.Journal of Business Logistics,2001,Vol.22(2):91-103
[37]Edward A Morash.Supply chain strategies,capabilities,and performance.Transportation Journal,Fall 2001,Vol.41(1):37-50
[38]Closs,David J.,Goldsby,Thomas J,Clinton,Steven R.Information technology influences on world class logistics capability.International Journal of Physical Distribution& Logistics Management,1997,Vol.27(1):4-17
[39]Kee-hung Lai.Service capability and performance of logistics service providers.Transportation Research Part E,40(2004):385-399
[40]Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs.Logistics Management:The Integrated Supply Chain Process[M].McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.2002
[41]汀鸣,冯浩.我国物流业发展政策研究[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[42]谭清美,冯凌云,葛云.物流能力对区域经济的贡献研究.现代经济探讨,2003,8
[43]姜继锋,刘志学.物流企业三种重要能力的辨析.物流技术,2005年第7期
[44]Amer Hamdan.A methodology to establish warehouse productivity measures and warehouse efficiency using DEA.The university of Texas at Arlington,2005.3
[45]俞仲文.物流配送技术与实务.北京:中国人民交通出版社,2001:38-40
[46]许胜余.物流配送中心管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2002:68-70
[47]刘翠莲,肖青.港口通过能力理论分析与生产力布局研究[J].大连海事大学学报,1996,22:(2)
[48]宋文力.生产企业物流搬运作业评价指标体系浅议[J].经济理论与经济管理,1995,(6):66
[49]徐大亮.运输与配送[M].第1版.中国物资出版社,2002:209
[50]孙焰,李致中.求双目标配装方案的多项式近似算法[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1997,15(2):34
[51]高红建,李韩娟,谢如鹤等.货物合理配装的使用启发式算法[J].交通科学与经济,2004,21(1):60
[52]徐大亮,刘小群.多品种货物配装的优化方法[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(9):16
[53]真虹等.物流企业仓储管理与实务.北京:中国物资出版社,2003:15-17
[54]贺政纲,帅斌,张扬.物流企业如何确定最优服务水平.软科学2004,5
[55]侯彦斌.基于多目标规划的供应商选择模型及其实证分析[D].成都:四川大学(硕士学位论文),2005
[56]计国君.生产物流运作及模型:国外制造和物流模拟游戏.北京:中国物资出版社,2006.3
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[59]王焰.配送中心规划与管理.长沙:湖南人民出版社,2006:56-58
[60]唐纳德 J.鲍尔索克斯,戴维 J.克劳斯.物流管理——供应链过程的一体化[M].第1版.林国龙,宋柏,沙梅译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,(3):5
[2]蓝伯雄,张跃.一种新型的末端物流配送模式.管理世界,2003,(6).147-148
[3]杨波.多品种随机数学模型的物流配送中心选址问题.中国管理科学,2003,11(2):45-49
[4]韩庆兰,梅运先.基于BP人工神经网络的物流配送中心选址决策.中国软科学,2004,(6):140-143
[5]Jiuh-Biing Sheu.Locating manufacturing and distribution centers:An integrated supply chain based spatial interaction approach.Transportation Research Part E,2003,39:381-397
[6]谭凌,高峻峻,王迎军.基于库存成本优化的配送中心选址问题研究.系统工程学报,2004,19(1):59-65
[7]Linda K.Nozick,Mark A.Turnquist.A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis.Transportation Research Part E,2001.37:425-441
[8]杨波,梁木梁,唐启鹤.物流配送中心选址的随机数学模型.中国管理科学,2002,10(5):57-61
[9]宋洁蔚,荣冈.成品油配送中时间窗的确定及运输的安排.系统工程理论与实践,2003,(4):63-70
[10]Sotiris P.Gayialis,Ilias P.Tatsiopoulos.Design of an IT-driven decision support system for vehicle routing and scheduling.European Journal of Operational Research,2004,152:382-398
[11]Uaidyanathan Jayaraman,Anthony Ross.A simulated annealing methodology to distribution network design and management.European Journal of Operational research,2003,144:625-649
[12]Wikrom Jaruphongsa,Sila Cetinkaya,Chung-Yee Lee.Warehouse space capacity and delivery time window consideration in dynamic lot-sizing for a simple supply chain.International Journal of Production economics,2004,92:169-180
[13]徐士钰.分销仓储配送中心订货决策的蒙特卡罗方法.系统工程学报,1998,13(2):96-100
[14]马士华,文坚.基于时间延迟的订单分批策略研究.工业工程与管理,2004,(6):1-4
[15]叶志坚,杜文,向秋.共同配送问题中的费用分担.系统工程理论方法应用,2004,13(3):276-281
[16]刘黎明,李延晖,马士华.两种配送模式下物流成本的一个实证分析.管理工程学报,2004,18(4):124-126
[17]杜文,黎青松.配送系统中运输分层的经济分析.系统工程理论与实践,2003,(4):82-85
[18]徐天亮,罗上远.随机需求直通配送系统中横向转载的期望费用方法.工业工程与管理,2004,(1):27-31
[19]Anthony Ross,Cornelia Droge.An integrated benchmarking approach to distribution center performance using DEA modeling.Journal of Operations Management,2002,20:19-32
[20]曾钟钟,江志斌,许淑君.物流公司配送绩效评价模型研究.工业工程与管理,2003,(3):40-44
[21]许骏,陈守东,张北阳.物流中心及其绩效评价分析.工业技术经济,2004,23(6):81-83
[22]易海燕,叶怀珍.连锁超市配送中心物流绩效的模糊综合评价.物流技术,2004,(11):44-47
[23]徐佳.物流配送中心服务能力评价方法及实现[D].武汉理工大学,2006
[24]余虹.配送中心物流能力仿真评价研究[D].华中科技大学,2004
[25]李轶平,陈治亚.物流配送中心车辆运输能力评估方法[J].长沙铁道学院学报,2003,21(2):92-95
[26]汪鸣,冯浩.我国物流业发展政策研究[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2002,4-6
[27]谭清美,葛云.区域物流投资弹性研究[J].河海大学学报,2004,32(1):117
[28]马士华,陈习勇.供应链环境下的物流能力构成及其特征研究[J].管理学报,2004,1(1):107-111
[29]马士华,孟庆鑫.供应链物流能力的研究现状及发展趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(3):301-307
[30]Stanley E Fawcett;Linda L Stanley;Sheldon R Smith.Developing a logistics capability to improve the performance of international operations.Journal of Business Logistics,1997,Vol,18(2):101-127
[31]Stank,Theodore P.,Lackery Charles,W.Jr.1997.Enhancing performance through logistical capabilities in Mexican maquiladora firms.Journal of business logistics,18(1):91-111
[32]Patricia J Daugherty;Theodore P Stank;Alexander E Ellinger Leveraging logistics/distribution capabilities:The effect of logistics service on market share.Journal of Business Logistics,1998,Vol.19(2):35-51
[33]廖森贵.物流能力与组织绩效关系之研究.台北科技大学学报,1999,vol.32,299-312
[34]Elinger A.Improving marketing/logistics cross-functional collaboration in the supply chain.Industrial Marketing Management[J],2000,Vol.29(1):1-12
[35]Daniel F Lynch;Scott B Keller;John Ozment.The effects of logistics capabilities and strategy on firm performance.Journal of Business Logistics,2000,Vol.21(2):47-67
[36]Meng Zhao;Comelia Droge;Theodore P Stork.The effects of logistics capabilities on firm performance:Customer-focused versus information-focused capabilities.Journal of Business Logistics,2001,Vol.22(2):91-103
[37]Edward A Morash.Supply chain strategies,capabilities,and performance.Transportation Journal,Fall 2001,Vol.41(1):37-50
[38]Closs,David J.,Goldsby,Thomas J,Clinton,Steven R.Information technology influences on world class logistics capability.International Journal of Physical Distribution& Logistics Management,1997,Vol.27(1):4-17
[39]Kee-hung Lai.Service capability and performance of logistics service providers.Transportation Research Part E,40(2004):385-399
[40]Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs.Logistics Management:The Integrated Supply Chain Process[M].McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.2002
[41]汀鸣,冯浩.我国物流业发展政策研究[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[42]谭清美,冯凌云,葛云.物流能力对区域经济的贡献研究.现代经济探讨,2003,8
[43]姜继锋,刘志学.物流企业三种重要能力的辨析.物流技术,2005年第7期
[44]Amer Hamdan.A methodology to establish warehouse productivity measures and warehouse efficiency using DEA.The university of Texas at Arlington,2005.3
[45]俞仲文.物流配送技术与实务.北京:中国人民交通出版社,2001:38-40
[46]许胜余.物流配送中心管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2002:68-70
[47]刘翠莲,肖青.港口通过能力理论分析与生产力布局研究[J].大连海事大学学报,1996,22:(2)
[48]宋文力.生产企业物流搬运作业评价指标体系浅议[J].经济理论与经济管理,1995,(6):66
[49]徐大亮.运输与配送[M].第1版.中国物资出版社,2002:209
[50]孙焰,李致中.求双目标配装方案的多项式近似算法[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1997,15(2):34
[51]高红建,李韩娟,谢如鹤等.货物合理配装的使用启发式算法[J].交通科学与经济,2004,21(1):60
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