基于3DMine的三维矿山模拟研究
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摘要
21世纪是信息化的世纪,同时也是数字化的世纪。计算机信息技术的快速发展,严重地冲击着采矿业这个古老产业。因此,数字矿山是采矿业发展的必然趋势。
三维矿山模拟是数字矿山中的关键技术,随着3DGIS和计算图形学技术的不断发展,三维地质体可视化技术已经得以实现,并应用到一些矿业工程软件中。本文研究与分析了构建三维矿山模型的原理与方法,借助于国内自主研发的3DMine矿业工程软件,以山西省晋城市科兴平泉煤矿矿区的基础地质资料为基础,建立了三维矿山模型,并指出了模型建立过程中存在的问题,最后利用3DMine独特的储量计算方法,计算出矿区15号煤层煤炭储量。全文的主要工作和研究的成果如下：
(1)阐述了三维空间建模的几种方法,分析对比了国内外的三维地质体的研究现状,详细介绍了3DMine矿业工程软件在矿山三维建模方面的应用现状。
(2)利用平泉煤矿矿区的钻孔资料和煤质信息建立了该地区的地质数据库,分析了地质数据库的结构形式,进一步构建了全煤层的模型、巷道实体模型、以及生成地质剖面等,为矿山的生产提供服务。
(3)本文在平泉煤矿矿区全煤层实体模型的基础上,建立了该矿区的块体模型,分析了块体模型的构建原理及构建方法,利用距离幂次反比法对块体模型进行赋值,并绘制出煤层发热量分布图。
(4)阐述了资源储量估算的一般方法,重点介绍了3DMine矿业工程软件中的煤炭储量估算的原理。同时基于3DMine矿业工程软件,以15号煤层为例,估算出该煤层去除夹矸后的纯煤量。
The21century is the information technology and digital age. The rapid development of computer information has a serious impact on the ancient mining industry, so the digital mine will be an inevitable trend in the development of mining industry.
The3D mine is the key technology in the digital mine. With the development of3DGIS and computer graphics technology, the3D geological visualization technology can be achieved and is applied to some mine engineer software. This article studies and analyzes the principles and methods of constructing3D mine model. With the help of3DMine engineer software researched and developed by the country itself, the process of3D mine model is constructed and pointed out the problems in the constructing process, and it is on the basis of Ke xing Pingquan Coal Mine in Jincheng city of Shanxi Province. At last, the coal reserves in NO.15coal seam are calculated by the unique coal reserves calculated method of3DMine. The mine study achievements in this article are as follows:
(1) The article sets forth some kinds of methods of3D space construct model, analyzes and compares the present situation of3D geological body at home and abroad, and introduces the present situation of3DMine engineer software in the study of3Dmine model.
(2) The geological database is constructed in this area with drilling data and coal quality information. The article analyzes the structure formula of geological database, and constructs the model of the whole coal seam and tunnel entity and geological section and so on to provide some services for the mine production.
(3) The article constructs the block model in this mining area on the basis of the whole coal seam entity model in Pingquan mine area, it analyzes the constructing principles and methods of block model,uses distance power estimating method, and draws up the distributed map of coal seam according to its heat.
(4) The article sets forth the general method of resource reserves estimate, mainly introduces the principles of coal reserves estimate in3DMine engineer software and estimates the amount of pure coal after removing dirt band in3DMine engineer software in the example of NO.15coal seam.
三维矿山模拟是数字矿山中的关键技术,随着3DGIS和计算图形学技术的不断发展,三维地质体可视化技术已经得以实现,并应用到一些矿业工程软件中。本文研究与分析了构建三维矿山模型的原理与方法,借助于国内自主研发的3DMine矿业工程软件,以山西省晋城市科兴平泉煤矿矿区的基础地质资料为基础,建立了三维矿山模型,并指出了模型建立过程中存在的问题,最后利用3DMine独特的储量计算方法,计算出矿区15号煤层煤炭储量。全文的主要工作和研究的成果如下：
(1)阐述了三维空间建模的几种方法,分析对比了国内外的三维地质体的研究现状,详细介绍了3DMine矿业工程软件在矿山三维建模方面的应用现状。
(2)利用平泉煤矿矿区的钻孔资料和煤质信息建立了该地区的地质数据库,分析了地质数据库的结构形式,进一步构建了全煤层的模型、巷道实体模型、以及生成地质剖面等,为矿山的生产提供服务。
(3)本文在平泉煤矿矿区全煤层实体模型的基础上,建立了该矿区的块体模型,分析了块体模型的构建原理及构建方法,利用距离幂次反比法对块体模型进行赋值,并绘制出煤层发热量分布图。
(4)阐述了资源储量估算的一般方法,重点介绍了3DMine矿业工程软件中的煤炭储量估算的原理。同时基于3DMine矿业工程软件,以15号煤层为例,估算出该煤层去除夹矸后的纯煤量。
The21century is the information technology and digital age. The rapid development of computer information has a serious impact on the ancient mining industry, so the digital mine will be an inevitable trend in the development of mining industry.
The3D mine is the key technology in the digital mine. With the development of3DGIS and computer graphics technology, the3D geological visualization technology can be achieved and is applied to some mine engineer software. This article studies and analyzes the principles and methods of constructing3D mine model. With the help of3DMine engineer software researched and developed by the country itself, the process of3D mine model is constructed and pointed out the problems in the constructing process, and it is on the basis of Ke xing Pingquan Coal Mine in Jincheng city of Shanxi Province. At last, the coal reserves in NO.15coal seam are calculated by the unique coal reserves calculated method of3DMine. The mine study achievements in this article are as follows:
(1) The article sets forth some kinds of methods of3D space construct model, analyzes and compares the present situation of3D geological body at home and abroad, and introduces the present situation of3DMine engineer software in the study of3Dmine model.
(2) The geological database is constructed in this area with drilling data and coal quality information. The article analyzes the structure formula of geological database, and constructs the model of the whole coal seam and tunnel entity and geological section and so on to provide some services for the mine production.
(3) The article constructs the block model in this mining area on the basis of the whole coal seam entity model in Pingquan mine area, it analyzes the constructing principles and methods of block model,uses distance power estimating method, and draws up the distributed map of coal seam according to its heat.
(4) The article sets forth the general method of resource reserves estimate, mainly introduces the principles of coal reserves estimate in3DMine engineer software and estimates the amount of pure coal after removing dirt band in3DMine engineer software in the example of NO.15coal seam.
引文
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[2]吴立新,殷作如,邓智毅等.论21世纪的矿山-数字矿山[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(4)：337-342.
[3]吴立新,殷作如,钟亚平.再论数字矿山：特征、框架与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1)：1-7.
[4]吴立新.数字矿山技术[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2009.
[5]吴焕萍,潘懋,陈小红.浅析三维地理信息系统技术[J].地理信息世界,2005,3(1)：42-49.
[6]吴立新,刘纯波,牛本宣等.试论发展我国矿业地理信息系统的若干问题[J].矿山测量,1998,(4)：48-51.
[7]吴立新,史文中,Christopher Gold.3DGIS与3DGMS中的空间构模技术[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(1)：5-11.
[8]吴立新,张瑞新,戚宜欣等.3维地学模拟与虚拟矿山系统[J].测绘学报,2002,31(1)：28-33.
[9]李梅,毛善君.数字矿山中3DGIS关键技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32：44-48.
[10]Zhilin Li, Christopher Gold. Multi-dimensional geospatial technology for geosciences[J]. Editorial/Computers & Geosciences,30 (2004):321-323.
[11]Yin Jingqiu, Qiu Xinfa, Li Anbo. Automatic drawing of the geologic profile of an underground mine based on COMGIS [J].Mining Science and Technology (China), 2011:231-236.
[12]周爱华.矿井地质三维可视化研究[D].泰安：山东科技大学,2003.
[13]张思科.基于Mircromine的三维矿体建模及资源储量估算研究-以格尔木驼路沟钴(金)矿为例[D].北京：中国地质大学,2010.
[14]曾新平,杨自安,刘碧虹等.地质体三维可视化建模的技术方法研究[J].矿产与地质,2005：103-106.
[15]杨东来,张永波,王新春等.地质体三维建模方法与技术指南[M],北京：地质出版社,2007.
[16]钟登华,李明超.水利水电工程地质三维建模与分析理论及实践[M],北京：中国水利 水电出版社,2006.
[17]王润怀.矿山地质对象三维数据模型研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007.
[18]Jianya Gong, Penggen Cheng, Yandong Wang. Three-dimensional modeling and application in geological exploration engineering[J]. Computers & Geoscience, 2004:391-404.
[19]侯恩科,吴立新.三维地学模拟几个方面的研究现状与发展趋势[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(6)：5-7.
[20]惠俊刚.地质体三维建模与可视化技术研究[D].西安：陕西师范大学,2008.
[21]曲中财.地质体三维空间数据模型研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008.
[22]段福洲.地质体三维模型和数据结构的研究与实现[D],北京：首都师范大学,2004.
[23]Hou Enke, Wu Lixin, WU Yuhua etc. Component based Topological Data Model for Three-dimensional Geology Modeling [J]. Geospatial Information Science, 2005,8(2):23-29.
[24]吴立新,史文中.论三维地学空间建模[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005：1-4.
[25]吴立新.真3维地学构模的若干问题[J].地理信息世界,20042(03)：13-18.
[26]齐安文,吴立新,侯恩科等.三维地学模拟述评及其矿山应用关键问题[J].中国矿业，2001：61-64.
[27]张超.三维城市地质信息可视化研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2006.
[28]Jing Ming, Mao Pan, Honggang Qu etc. GSIS:A 3D geological multi-body modeling system from netty cross-sections with topology [J]. Computers & Geosciences,2010,36: 756-767.
[29]Zhu Liang-feng, He Zheng, Pan Xin etc. An Approach to Computer Modeling of Geological Faults in 3D and an Application [J]. China Univ. of Mining & Tech. (English Edition),2006,16(4):461-465.
[30]袁兵.三维栅格地质建模及其空间分析方法研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2005.
[31]Wu Lixin. Topological relations embodied in a generalized tri-prism(GTP) model for a 3D geoscience modeling system [J]. Computers & Geosciences 2004,30:405-418.
[32]G. Gallerini, M. De Donatis.3D modeling using geognostic data:The case of the low valley of Foglia river (Italy) [J]. Computers & Geosciences,2009,35:146-164.
[33]张影.基于块体模型的三维可视化[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2011.
[34]厉金龙.基于Surpac的三维地质建模及可视化研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2011.
[35]边馥苓.傅仲良.胡自峰.面向目标的栅格矢量一体化三维数据模型[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(04)：294-298.
[36]杨永亮,庚琪.三维地质建模软件对比研究.石油工业计算机应用.200816(1)：16-19.
[37]王斌,刘保顺,王涛等.基于Surpac的矿山三维可视化地质模型的研究与应用[J].中国矿业,2011,20(2)：106-109.
[38]邹伟.三维地质勘查软件核心技术研究与实现[D],北京：中国地质科学院,2010.
[39]李香臣,徐泮林,李正元.XML技术结合Surpac软件实现矿体三维可视化.矿山测量[J],2011：10-13.
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