湖南同名异种地方稻资源核心种质遴选
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摘要
地方稻品种是在我国数千年的稻作栽培中,在不同的生态环境条件下,经过长期的驯化与选择而形成的基因综合体。地方稻品种中含有大量已知和未知的有利基因,在育种上潜在着很大的利用价值。但是由于地方稻品种数量众多,命名随意,收集来源广泛等原因,使得保存稻种的种质库冗余太多,存在许多同名异种的材料,影响了稻种资源的研究评价和利用。
本研究选取了湖南省水稻研究所种质库15组(同名称的收集样本为一组)同名异种水稻材料共计170份。从田间农艺性状、品质分析、稻瘟病抗性、耐寒性以及分子标记方面进行了评价,试验结果如下：
1.通过田间试验对农艺性状的表现统计分析,15组材料中,除了L组材料外,其他各组材料内的差异均表现为显著。所考察的性状差异水平达到显著的性状数量占考察分析性状总数的88.9%。
2.稻瘟病抗性试验中只有B7、F22材料达到了中抗以上的水平,其余材料均表现为不同程度的感病,经2年重复鉴定,B7的抗病等级确定为3级。
3.芽期耐寒性试验中,C1和C3材料的抗寒性较同组同名材料差异较大,活苗率分别为62.0%和44.7%；与湘糯1号耐寒性对比试验,确定这两个材料抗寒性C1较强,C3次之。
4.SSR分子标记鉴定试验所选用的引物在同名材料中的多态性在10.38%-24.72%之间,绝大部分的材料遗传物质表现存在差异。
5.根据SSR分子标记聚类图,并且结合农艺性状聚类图、农艺品质性状、抗性表现,最终从14组同名材料中选取了50份材料作为核心种质,占材料总数的30.5%。筛选出的核心种质,通过其他农艺性状和稻瘟病抗性等级的验证,极差、平均值、标准差和变异系数相对比原始群体的数据,变化不大,有55%的变异系数有所提高。
最后本论文展望了种质资源研究未来的发展方向。
Local rice varieties are gene complex formed by long-term domestication and selection in China thousands of years of rice cultivation and different ecological environments. The type of local rice is the most colorful in the rice. Contains a lot of favorable known and unknown genes, local rice varieties have great potential use value in the breeding. Now the large area of application of improved varieties, mainly rely on the discovery and utilization of favorable genes in local varieties. Due to the large number of local rice varieties, named arbitrarily, sources collection widely and other reasons, there are too many redundancy varieties affected the research, evaluation and utilization in rice germplasm resources.
15 groups (same name in one group) of heterogeneous with same name in Hunan Province Heterogeneous Gene Pool with a total of 170 rice materials are used in this research. Through a variety of processing methods including field testing, quality analysis, blast test, cold resistance test and molecular marker-assisted identification of means, the main test results are as follows:
1.15 groups of materials other than the L group showed significant differences through statistical analysis of the agronomic traits performance by field test. The number of characters which traits were inspected significantly different take up 88.9％of total characters investigated.
2. Only F22 and B7 reached the level of anti or above in the blast resistance test comparing the other materials are susceptible to different degrees.B7 determined to be resistance level 3 through 2 years repeated identification.
3. Cl and C3 was total different compared with other materials in the same group, with the living rate were 62.0% and 44.7%. these two materials Cl was more stronger than C3 in cold resistance test through comparison test with Xiangnuo 1.
4. Polymorphism of heterogeneous with same name are between 10.38%-24.72% through SSR Markers identification test which means most of the material are different in the genetic material performance.
5.50 materials which take up 30.5% of total material were selected as a core collection through 14 groups heterogeneous with same name based on SSR markers clustering map and combined with agronomic traits clustering map, agronomic quality traits, resistance performance.The core collection showed little change than the original group in poor, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation beside that 55% coefficient of variation increased.
This article finally looks into the future of the development of germplasm resources researches direction.
本研究选取了湖南省水稻研究所种质库15组(同名称的收集样本为一组)同名异种水稻材料共计170份。从田间农艺性状、品质分析、稻瘟病抗性、耐寒性以及分子标记方面进行了评价,试验结果如下：
1.通过田间试验对农艺性状的表现统计分析,15组材料中,除了L组材料外,其他各组材料内的差异均表现为显著。所考察的性状差异水平达到显著的性状数量占考察分析性状总数的88.9%。
2.稻瘟病抗性试验中只有B7、F22材料达到了中抗以上的水平,其余材料均表现为不同程度的感病,经2年重复鉴定,B7的抗病等级确定为3级。
3.芽期耐寒性试验中,C1和C3材料的抗寒性较同组同名材料差异较大,活苗率分别为62.0%和44.7%；与湘糯1号耐寒性对比试验,确定这两个材料抗寒性C1较强,C3次之。
4.SSR分子标记鉴定试验所选用的引物在同名材料中的多态性在10.38%-24.72%之间,绝大部分的材料遗传物质表现存在差异。
5.根据SSR分子标记聚类图,并且结合农艺性状聚类图、农艺品质性状、抗性表现,最终从14组同名材料中选取了50份材料作为核心种质,占材料总数的30.5%。筛选出的核心种质,通过其他农艺性状和稻瘟病抗性等级的验证,极差、平均值、标准差和变异系数相对比原始群体的数据,变化不大,有55%的变异系数有所提高。
最后本论文展望了种质资源研究未来的发展方向。
Local rice varieties are gene complex formed by long-term domestication and selection in China thousands of years of rice cultivation and different ecological environments. The type of local rice is the most colorful in the rice. Contains a lot of favorable known and unknown genes, local rice varieties have great potential use value in the breeding. Now the large area of application of improved varieties, mainly rely on the discovery and utilization of favorable genes in local varieties. Due to the large number of local rice varieties, named arbitrarily, sources collection widely and other reasons, there are too many redundancy varieties affected the research, evaluation and utilization in rice germplasm resources.
15 groups (same name in one group) of heterogeneous with same name in Hunan Province Heterogeneous Gene Pool with a total of 170 rice materials are used in this research. Through a variety of processing methods including field testing, quality analysis, blast test, cold resistance test and molecular marker-assisted identification of means, the main test results are as follows:
1.15 groups of materials other than the L group showed significant differences through statistical analysis of the agronomic traits performance by field test. The number of characters which traits were inspected significantly different take up 88.9％of total characters investigated.
2. Only F22 and B7 reached the level of anti or above in the blast resistance test comparing the other materials are susceptible to different degrees.B7 determined to be resistance level 3 through 2 years repeated identification.
3. Cl and C3 was total different compared with other materials in the same group, with the living rate were 62.0% and 44.7%. these two materials Cl was more stronger than C3 in cold resistance test through comparison test with Xiangnuo 1.
4. Polymorphism of heterogeneous with same name are between 10.38%-24.72% through SSR Markers identification test which means most of the material are different in the genetic material performance.
5.50 materials which take up 30.5% of total material were selected as a core collection through 14 groups heterogeneous with same name based on SSR markers clustering map and combined with agronomic traits clustering map, agronomic quality traits, resistance performance.The core collection showed little change than the original group in poor, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation beside that 55% coefficient of variation increased.
This article finally looks into the future of the development of germplasm resources researches direction.
引文
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[3]郭亚龙,葛颂.野生稻有利基因转移研究进展.植物分类学报,2006,44(2)：211-230
[4]韩龙植,曹桂兰.中国稻种资源收集、保存和更新现状.2005,6(3)：359-365
[5]王一平,罗利军,梅捍卫,等.水稻优异种质资源的综合评价.植物遗传资源科学,2000,1(1)：25-30
[6]孙传清,李自超,王象坤.普通野生稻和亚洲栽培稻核心种质遗传多样性的检测研究.作物学报,2001,27(3)：313-318.
[7]闻玮玮.中国水稻微核心种质的关联分析研究.[博士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2009
[8]张天真.作物育种学总论.北京,中国农业出版社,2003
[9]魏兴华,朱智伟,余汉勇.水稻新品种DUS测试技术.中国稻米,2004,(4)：15-16
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[11]Garland S H, I ewin I, Abedinia M, etal. The Use of microsatellite polymorphisms for the identification of Australian breeding lines of rice (Oryza sativa L). Euphytica,1999,108:53-63
[12]闰华超,高岚,李桂兰.分子标记技术的发展及应用.生物学通报,2006,41(2)：17-19
[13]陈俊百,张林,赵卫国,等.分子标记及在核心种质中的应用进展.安徽农业科学,2008,36(13)：5333-5334,5341
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[20]HAMON-S, VAN-SLOTEN-DH. Characterisation and evaluation of okra. BROWN-AHD, FRANKEL-OH, MARSHALL-RD, etal. The use of plant genetic resources.1989. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,173-196
[21]Perry MC, Mclntosh MS, Stoner AK. Geographical patterns of variation in the USDA soybean germplasm collection:II. Allozyme frequencies. Crop Sci,1991,31:1356-1360
[22]贾继增.分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种.中国农业科学,1996,29(4)：1-10
[23]汤圣祥,江云珠,魏兴华,等.中国栽培稻同工酶的遗传多样性.作物学报,2002,28(2)：203-207
[24]余萍,李自超,张洪亮,等.中国普通野生稻初级核心种质取样策略.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(5)：37-41
[25]周少川,李宏,黄道强,等.水稻核心种质育种.科技导报2005,11(23)：23-26
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[27]孙强,林秀云,李明生,等.吉林省稻种资源核心种质构建的研究.吉林农业科学,2006,31(1)：21-24,58
[28]吴方喜,朱永生,谢鸿光,等.中国水稻微核心种质的耐储藏特性初步研究.中国粮油学报,2010,25(10)：124-128
[29]金铭路,杨春刚,余腾琼,等.中国水稻微核心种质不同生育时期耐冷性鉴定及其相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(4)：540-546
[30]杨树明等.云南粳稻核心种质杂种后代孕穗期耐冷性研究.生态环境2008,10(6)：2346-2351
[31]穆平,黄超,李自超.中国粳稻核心种质耐低磷性的鉴定与筛选.中 国农业大学学报2008,13(6)：1-5
[32]庄杰云,施勇烽,应杰政,等.应用微卫星标记评估我国水稻主栽品种的一致性.中国水稻科学,2006,20(4)：367-371
[33]王亚馥,戴灼华.遗传学.北京：高等教育出版社,1999
[34]阮仁超,杨玉顺等.贵州地方稻种遗传资源的命名与同种异名和同名异种现象.贵州农业科学.1999,27(6)：47-50
[35]Edwin Nuijten, Robbert van Treuren, Paul C. Struik, etal. Evidence for the Emergence of New Rice Types of Interspecific Hybrid Origin in West African Farmers' Fields. New Rice Types in West Africa, 2009,4(10):1-9
[36]S. C. Wong, P. H. Yiu, S. T. W. Bong, etal. Analysis of Sarawak Bario Rice Diversity Using Microsatellite Markers. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences.2009,4 (4):298-304
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[2]钟代彬,罗利军,应存山.野生稻有利基因转移研究进展.中国水稻科学,2000,14(2)：103-106
[3]郭亚龙,葛颂.野生稻有利基因转移研究进展.植物分类学报,2006,44(2)：211-230
[4]韩龙植,曹桂兰.中国稻种资源收集、保存和更新现状.2005,6(3)：359-365
[5]王一平,罗利军,梅捍卫,等.水稻优异种质资源的综合评价.植物遗传资源科学,2000,1(1)：25-30
[6]孙传清,李自超,王象坤.普通野生稻和亚洲栽培稻核心种质遗传多样性的检测研究.作物学报,2001,27(3)：313-318.
[7]闻玮玮.中国水稻微核心种质的关联分析研究.[博士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2009
[8]张天真.作物育种学总论.北京,中国农业出版社,2003
[9]魏兴华,朱智伟,余汉勇.水稻新品种DUS测试技术.中国稻米,2004,(4)：15-16
[10]Baranger A, Aubert G, Amau G, etal. Genetic diversity within Pisum sativum using protein and PCR-basedmarkers. TheorAppl Genet,2004, 108:1309-1321
[11]Garland S H, I ewin I, Abedinia M, etal. The Use of microsatellite polymorphisms for the identification of Australian breeding lines of rice (Oryza sativa L). Euphytica,1999,108:53-63
[12]闰华超,高岚,李桂兰.分子标记技术的发展及应用.生物学通报,2006,41(2)：17-19
[13]陈俊百,张林,赵卫国,等.分子标记及在核心种质中的应用进展.安徽农业科学,2008,36(13)：5333-5334,5341
[14]Frankel OH. Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation. In: Arber W, Llimensee K, Peacock W J. Genetic Manipulation:Impact on Man and Society. Cambridge University Press, UK,1984:161-170
[15]李自超.植物遗传资源核心种质研究现状与展望.中国农业大学学报,1999,4(5)：51-62
[16]姜亮,郭龙彪,钱前.水稻种质资源的分子评价和利用.中国稻米,2008,(3)：8-12
[17]李长涛,宋丽丽,孔伟丽,洪兆龙.植物遗传资源核心种质的构建及应用.植物学通报,2005,22：139-145
[18]Hodgkin T. Core collection and conservation of genetic resources. In:Arora R K, Riley K W, et al. Sesame Bio-diversity in Asia, Conservation, Evaluation and Improvement. New Delhi, India, IPGRI,1993
[19]李自超,张洪亮,曹永生,等.中国地方稻种资源初级核心种质取样策略研究.作物学报,2003,29(1)：20-24
[20]HAMON-S, VAN-SLOTEN-DH. Characterisation and evaluation of okra. BROWN-AHD, FRANKEL-OH, MARSHALL-RD, etal. The use of plant genetic resources.1989. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,173-196
[21]Perry MC, Mclntosh MS, Stoner AK. Geographical patterns of variation in the USDA soybean germplasm collection:II. Allozyme frequencies. Crop Sci,1991,31:1356-1360
[22]贾继增.分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种.中国农业科学,1996,29(4)：1-10
[23]汤圣祥,江云珠,魏兴华,等.中国栽培稻同工酶的遗传多样性.作物学报,2002,28(2)：203-207
[24]余萍,李自超,张洪亮,等.中国普通野生稻初级核心种质取样策略.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(5)：37-41
[25]周少川,李宏,黄道强,等.水稻核心种质育种.科技导报2005,11(23)：23-26
[26]曾亚文,申时全,普晓英,等.云南稻种资源核心种质研究进展.西南农业学报,2004,17：322-324.
[27]孙强,林秀云,李明生,等.吉林省稻种资源核心种质构建的研究.吉林农业科学,2006,31(1)：21-24,58
[28]吴方喜,朱永生,谢鸿光,等.中国水稻微核心种质的耐储藏特性初步研究.中国粮油学报,2010,25(10)：124-128
[29]金铭路,杨春刚,余腾琼,等.中国水稻微核心种质不同生育时期耐冷性鉴定及其相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(4)：540-546
[30]杨树明等.云南粳稻核心种质杂种后代孕穗期耐冷性研究.生态环境2008,10(6)：2346-2351
[31]穆平,黄超,李自超.中国粳稻核心种质耐低磷性的鉴定与筛选.中 国农业大学学报2008,13(6)：1-5
[32]庄杰云,施勇烽,应杰政,等.应用微卫星标记评估我国水稻主栽品种的一致性.中国水稻科学,2006,20(4)：367-371
[33]王亚馥,戴灼华.遗传学.北京：高等教育出版社,1999
[34]阮仁超,杨玉顺等.贵州地方稻种遗传资源的命名与同种异名和同名异种现象.贵州农业科学.1999,27(6)：47-50
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