谯城区村庄用地时空特征及优化布局研究
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摘要
随着我国经济社会的不断发展,土地资源的利用管理已上升到关系国家安全的战略高度,影响到社会生活的各个领域。是否合理开发利用土地资源,关系到经济社会能否可持续发展。我国在人口不断增长的巨大压力下,耕地面积却在逐年下降,而农村村庄的布局凌乱及占地无序,造成了大量的土地浪费,存在大量的空心村、一户多宅等现象。为实现建设社会主义新农村的这个目标,研究对规划区域范围内的土地资源合理利用,进一步优化区域范围内的土地利用结构和村庄布局,为时下正在开展的新农村建设提供合理的用地供给和村庄布局规划,服务好新农村建设,是一项意义重大的工作。
本文首先通过对文献的研究,对国内外关于村庄选址、规划、分布特征及研究方法进行了阐述,并对村庄布点的理论、方法、发展现状等进行归纳与总结;对影响村庄布点的因素进行分析,对村庄布局的合理性进行探讨;以亳州市谯城区为例,利用2006年土地利用现状数据,研究了谯城区村庄布点的特征;根据经济学和社会学的相关理论、方法对村庄布局的原理及影响因素进行研究,结合谯城区农村的实际情况,建立了谯城区村庄布点的评价体系,包括评价方法的选择、指标因子的选择、指标体系的建立等;以实证研究的方法,以实地资料为基础,利用基于GIS辅助的农村村庄布点评价的技术支持方法,对亳州市谯城区村庄布局的现状进行了分析评价,结论如下:亳州市谯城区村庄布点具有村庄布局较为混乱、村庄数量偏多、规模偏小、村庄人均用地超标、公共基础设施较差、土地利用率较低、村庄内土地闲置现象较为普遍等特点。针对这些特点,阐述了村庄布点优化的原则,分析了村庄布点等级结构与空间组织模式,提出了村庄优化模式,并针对谯城区村庄布点进行优化,提出村庄布局优化的措施和方案,优化结论:按“集镇社区-中心村-基层村”的空间组织模式,以集镇社区型、旧村整治型、改造扩建型、异地新建型四种模式进行优化。基层村经过优化布点由现状的3546个基层村,规划合并为282个,转为城镇社区的村庄652个;中心村由现状的的197个增加到205个;集镇社区仍保持现状的59个,但面积和人口大大增加。
With the rapidly economic and social development, the importance of land resource use and land management has aroused great attention on national security strategies and many fields of social life. Whether to reasonable development and utilization of land resources has strong relation with sustainable development. Now, the main causes of declining cultivated summarized that growing population pressure and disorder rural residential layout, such as, hollow village, more houses etc. In order to achieve the objective of socialism new countryside construction, the study of rational utilization of land resources within the planning area; further optimization of regional land use structure and village layout; reasonable land supply and village layout planning for current village construction is a necessary. According to literature research ,this paper firstly illustrated village site, village planning, distribution and research methods by synthesizing domestic and overseas research. Then, it summarized theories, methods, development status of village layout. Furthermore, it analyzed influential factors of site layout of villages and discussion on rational village layout. Take Qiaocheng District, Haozhou city for cases, the features of villages site layout were presented obtained by 2006 land using status data; the evaluation index system, including evaluation method selection, index factor selection, and index system, was established combined economic and social theories with actual condition of Qiaocheng District.
According to literature research ,this paper firstly illustrated village site, village planning, distribution and research methods by synthesizing domestic and overseas research . Then, it summarized theories, methods, development status of village layout. Furthermore, it analyzed influential factors of site layout of villages and discussion on rational village layout. Take Qiaocheng District,Haozhou city for case, the features of villages site layout were presented obtained by 2006 land using status data; the evaluation index system, including evaluation method selection, index factor selection, and index system, was established combined economic and social theories with actual condition of Qiaocheng District based on empirical research , field information and GIS application , the analysis and evaluation of status on village layout have been provided. As following: the characters of Qiaocheng District manifested that village layout more confusion, village number partial more, scale partial small, per capita of village land with exceeded, rather poor public foundation facilities, low land using rate, and idle village land etc. Based on these features, the paper explained villages site layout principles , structure and space organization mode of village site layout, made village layout optimization measures and plan and the application on Qiaocheng District. The optimum proposal concluded: according to the space research on mode of "town Community-Center village-grass-roots village", the optimization represented town community type, old village treatment type, reconstruction extension type, and offsite new type respectively. Present situation of grass-roots village after optimal layout by grass-roots village, was merged to 282 from3,546; 652 villages were conversed to city community; central villages were increased from the present situation of 197 to 205; communities s maintained the status quo of 59, but greatly increased the area and population.
本文首先通过对文献的研究,对国内外关于村庄选址、规划、分布特征及研究方法进行了阐述,并对村庄布点的理论、方法、发展现状等进行归纳与总结;对影响村庄布点的因素进行分析,对村庄布局的合理性进行探讨;以亳州市谯城区为例,利用2006年土地利用现状数据,研究了谯城区村庄布点的特征;根据经济学和社会学的相关理论、方法对村庄布局的原理及影响因素进行研究,结合谯城区农村的实际情况,建立了谯城区村庄布点的评价体系,包括评价方法的选择、指标因子的选择、指标体系的建立等;以实证研究的方法,以实地资料为基础,利用基于GIS辅助的农村村庄布点评价的技术支持方法,对亳州市谯城区村庄布局的现状进行了分析评价,结论如下:亳州市谯城区村庄布点具有村庄布局较为混乱、村庄数量偏多、规模偏小、村庄人均用地超标、公共基础设施较差、土地利用率较低、村庄内土地闲置现象较为普遍等特点。针对这些特点,阐述了村庄布点优化的原则,分析了村庄布点等级结构与空间组织模式,提出了村庄优化模式,并针对谯城区村庄布点进行优化,提出村庄布局优化的措施和方案,优化结论:按“集镇社区-中心村-基层村”的空间组织模式,以集镇社区型、旧村整治型、改造扩建型、异地新建型四种模式进行优化。基层村经过优化布点由现状的3546个基层村,规划合并为282个,转为城镇社区的村庄652个;中心村由现状的的197个增加到205个;集镇社区仍保持现状的59个,但面积和人口大大增加。
With the rapidly economic and social development, the importance of land resource use and land management has aroused great attention on national security strategies and many fields of social life. Whether to reasonable development and utilization of land resources has strong relation with sustainable development. Now, the main causes of declining cultivated summarized that growing population pressure and disorder rural residential layout, such as, hollow village, more houses etc. In order to achieve the objective of socialism new countryside construction, the study of rational utilization of land resources within the planning area; further optimization of regional land use structure and village layout; reasonable land supply and village layout planning for current village construction is a necessary. According to literature research ,this paper firstly illustrated village site, village planning, distribution and research methods by synthesizing domestic and overseas research. Then, it summarized theories, methods, development status of village layout. Furthermore, it analyzed influential factors of site layout of villages and discussion on rational village layout. Take Qiaocheng District, Haozhou city for cases, the features of villages site layout were presented obtained by 2006 land using status data; the evaluation index system, including evaluation method selection, index factor selection, and index system, was established combined economic and social theories with actual condition of Qiaocheng District.
According to literature research ,this paper firstly illustrated village site, village planning, distribution and research methods by synthesizing domestic and overseas research . Then, it summarized theories, methods, development status of village layout. Furthermore, it analyzed influential factors of site layout of villages and discussion on rational village layout. Take Qiaocheng District,Haozhou city for case, the features of villages site layout were presented obtained by 2006 land using status data; the evaluation index system, including evaluation method selection, index factor selection, and index system, was established combined economic and social theories with actual condition of Qiaocheng District based on empirical research , field information and GIS application , the analysis and evaluation of status on village layout have been provided. As following: the characters of Qiaocheng District manifested that village layout more confusion, village number partial more, scale partial small, per capita of village land with exceeded, rather poor public foundation facilities, low land using rate, and idle village land etc. Based on these features, the paper explained villages site layout principles , structure and space organization mode of village site layout, made village layout optimization measures and plan and the application on Qiaocheng District. The optimum proposal concluded: according to the space research on mode of "town Community-Center village-grass-roots village", the optimization represented town community type, old village treatment type, reconstruction extension type, and offsite new type respectively. Present situation of grass-roots village after optimal layout by grass-roots village, was merged to 282 from3,546; 652 villages were conversed to city community; central villages were increased from the present situation of 197 to 205; communities s maintained the status quo of 59, but greatly increased the area and population.
引文
[1] Robert B.K. Landscapes of Settlement [M].London: Routlodge.1996:5-9.
[2] Hill M.Rural Settlement and the Urban Impact on the Countryside [M].Hodden & Stoughton. 2003:58-72.
[3] Tabukeli M.Rural Settlement and Retail Trade Business in the Eastern Cape[J]. Revelopment Southern Africa, 2000,6:190-203.
[4] Peter S.Implication of rural settlement patterns for development: a historical Case in Qaukeni, Eastern Cape South Africa[J]. Development Southern Africa.,2003,9:406-425.
[5] Knapp R. Chineses Landscapes: The V illage as Palace[M]. Honolulu: University of Havaii Press. 1992:211-220.
[6] Lawis,Collin A.Ph.D Rural Settlements,Mission Settlements and Rehabilitation in Transkei[J].Geography Journal,1986,12:375-386.
[7] Ingel Thorsenl,Jan Ub. Modeling Residential Location Choice in An Area With spatial Barriers [J].Regional Society,2002,36(6):13-64 .
[8]梁会民,赵军.基于GIS的黄土源区村庄空间分布研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):81--83.
[9]胡志斌,何兴元,李月辉等.岷江上游村庄分布格局及影响因子分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(4):623--625.
[10]王成新,姚十谋,陈彩虹.中国农村聚落生心化问题实证研究[J].地理科学, 2005,25(3):257--261.
[11]王春菊,汤小华,吴德文.福建省村庄分布与环境关系的定量研究[J].海南师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005, 18(1):55--91.
[12]吴运军,郭峰.基于RS和GIS的吉林省城乡居民地区划特征分析[J].干早区资源与环境,2006,20(1):108--112.
[13]张小军,李雪妍.基于GIS的西部生态脆弱区村庄空间信息分析研究[J].干旱资源与环境,2006,20(2):37--39.
[14]范少言,陈宗兴.试论乡村聚落空间结构的研究内容[J].经济地理,1995,15(2):44--47.
[15]武鹏,宋跃光.新农村建设过程中的村庄空间合并对策---以浙江省嘉兴市海盐县五圣村为例[J].经济地理,2008,28(3):464--468.
[16]王福定,马骁.中心村规划建设实践中的问题与对策---以浙江省温岭市为例[J].城市规划,2006,30(7):48--51.
[17]徐亮,胡海霞,郑黎.元通镇村庄规模布局的分形研究与规划[J].经济地理,2001,21(S):150--153.
[18]赵萍,冯学智.基于遥感与GIS技术的城镇体系空间特征的分形分析---以绍兴市为例[J].地理科学,2003,23(6):721--727.
[19]赵连荣,姚华军,周进生.国土源资管理导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:23—29.
[20]陈仲常,蒲艳萍.西方经济学(微观)[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.1997:2.
[21]毕宝德.土地经济学.(第五版)[M].北京:人民人学出版社,2006:173--174.
[22]谢敏,郝晋眠,丁忠义,杨君.城市土地集约利用内涵及其评价指标体系研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(5):117--120.
[23]马佳.新农村建设中农村村庄用地集约利用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学博士学位论文,2008.
[24]周广生,渠丽萍.农村区域规划与设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:261--262.
[25]徐全勇.中心村建设理论与我国中心村建设的探讨[J].农村现代化研究,2005,26(1):48--52.
[26]潘裕元.对农村村庄合理用地的思考[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2000,(2):63-64.
[27]卓玛措.人地关系协调理论与区域开发[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(6):36—38.
[2] Hill M.Rural Settlement and the Urban Impact on the Countryside [M].Hodden & Stoughton. 2003:58-72.
[3] Tabukeli M.Rural Settlement and Retail Trade Business in the Eastern Cape[J]. Revelopment Southern Africa, 2000,6:190-203.
[4] Peter S.Implication of rural settlement patterns for development: a historical Case in Qaukeni, Eastern Cape South Africa[J]. Development Southern Africa.,2003,9:406-425.
[5] Knapp R. Chineses Landscapes: The V illage as Palace[M]. Honolulu: University of Havaii Press. 1992:211-220.
[6] Lawis,Collin A.Ph.D Rural Settlements,Mission Settlements and Rehabilitation in Transkei[J].Geography Journal,1986,12:375-386.
[7] Ingel Thorsenl,Jan Ub. Modeling Residential Location Choice in An Area With spatial Barriers [J].Regional Society,2002,36(6):13-64 .
[8]梁会民,赵军.基于GIS的黄土源区村庄空间分布研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):81--83.
[9]胡志斌,何兴元,李月辉等.岷江上游村庄分布格局及影响因子分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(4):623--625.
[10]王成新,姚十谋,陈彩虹.中国农村聚落生心化问题实证研究[J].地理科学, 2005,25(3):257--261.
[11]王春菊,汤小华,吴德文.福建省村庄分布与环境关系的定量研究[J].海南师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005, 18(1):55--91.
[12]吴运军,郭峰.基于RS和GIS的吉林省城乡居民地区划特征分析[J].干早区资源与环境,2006,20(1):108--112.
[13]张小军,李雪妍.基于GIS的西部生态脆弱区村庄空间信息分析研究[J].干旱资源与环境,2006,20(2):37--39.
[14]范少言,陈宗兴.试论乡村聚落空间结构的研究内容[J].经济地理,1995,15(2):44--47.
[15]武鹏,宋跃光.新农村建设过程中的村庄空间合并对策---以浙江省嘉兴市海盐县五圣村为例[J].经济地理,2008,28(3):464--468.
[16]王福定,马骁.中心村规划建设实践中的问题与对策---以浙江省温岭市为例[J].城市规划,2006,30(7):48--51.
[17]徐亮,胡海霞,郑黎.元通镇村庄规模布局的分形研究与规划[J].经济地理,2001,21(S):150--153.
[18]赵萍,冯学智.基于遥感与GIS技术的城镇体系空间特征的分形分析---以绍兴市为例[J].地理科学,2003,23(6):721--727.
[19]赵连荣,姚华军,周进生.国土源资管理导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:23—29.
[20]陈仲常,蒲艳萍.西方经济学(微观)[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.1997:2.
[21]毕宝德.土地经济学.(第五版)[M].北京:人民人学出版社,2006:173--174.
[22]谢敏,郝晋眠,丁忠义,杨君.城市土地集约利用内涵及其评价指标体系研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(5):117--120.
[23]马佳.新农村建设中农村村庄用地集约利用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学博士学位论文,2008.
[24]周广生,渠丽萍.农村区域规划与设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:261--262.
[25]徐全勇.中心村建设理论与我国中心村建设的探讨[J].农村现代化研究,2005,26(1):48--52.
[26]潘裕元.对农村村庄合理用地的思考[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2000,(2):63-64.
[27]卓玛措.人地关系协调理论与区域开发[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(6):36—38.