摘要
伴随着我国农村综合改革的不断深化,农村地区的经济发展日渐呈现一些新的特点,农户对金融服务需求也相应出现了一些新的变化和发展。同时国有四大银行(工、农、中、建)的业务范围随着中国金融改革的不断推进也逐渐向城市收拢,专注于支持“三农”经济发展的金融服务机构严重缺乏。在此背景下,以服务“三农”,促进县域经济发展的村镇银行应运而生。河南省X村镇银行自成立至今凭借其自身规模小、管理严、权限高、经营灵活且效率高的特点在丰富和完善当地农村金融体系,规范和强化该县域融资机制等方面的积极作用日渐凸显,但由于X村镇银行作为一种新兴的农村金融机构,自身起步较晚、根基浅、信贷风险管理水平低,加之当地农村信用状况复杂等原因,其面临较为严峻的信贷风险,而内在信贷风险程度越高,信贷风险管理难度大,信贷风险问题越容易突出。
首先,通过从优势、弱势、机遇和挑战四个方面深度剖析X村镇银行的发展环境,并结合相关数据对其基本经营情况加以分析概述,宏观展现X村镇银行的实际经营现状和发展潜力。然后,概述X村镇银行当前的主要的信贷产品和信贷业务模式,并且从X村镇银行内、外部方面对X村镇银行面临的信贷风险进行分析,找出其在贷款利率定价方法、农户信用评级体系、信贷人才队伍建设等方面的不足。最后,针对X村镇银行信贷风险管理存在的不足,从外部保障机制和内控机制建设,以及利用现代信息技术防范信贷风险,积极完善农村征信基础数据库建设等方面因地制宜的提出具有建设意义的风险管理策略,从点到面,探索针对我国村镇银行信贷风险特征的信用管理新模式。
总之,基于X村镇银行的目前的实际经营情况和技术条件,若想使X村镇银行的风险管理水平有质的飞跃:提高银行内部全体员工的风险管理意识,积极营造良好的内控文化氛围是核心;加快金融专业人才队伍的建设和现代信息技术的应用,建立科学的贷款浮动利率,丰富信贷服务产品和担保方式是关键;加强农村信用的法制建设和外部监管体系建设,健全农业信贷风险补偿机制是保障。
Along with the deepening of China's comprehensive rural reform, the economic development of the rural areas of China increasingly presents some new features. Accordingly, the demand of farmer households for financial services changes and develops. With the continuous progress of China's financial reform, four state-owned companies (ICBC, ABC, BOC, CCB) close up their scope of business to urban economy. As a result, financial services focusing on serving agriculture, farmers and rural areas are in serious demand. In this context, village banks, aiming to serve agriculture, farmers and rural areas and propel country economy, came into being. X village bank in Henan Province depend on its own small-scale, strict management, high privileges, operating flexibility and high efficiency characteristics of the positive role enrich and improve the local rural financial system, norms and financing mechanisms to strengthen the county increasingly prominent, but because X village bank as a new rural financial institutions, own a late start, the foundation is shallow, low level of credit risk management, coupled with the complex situation of the local rural credit and other reasons, it faces a tougher credit risk, credit risk inherent in The higher the degree of credit risk management is difficult, and the problem of credit risk, the easier.
First, taking X village bank in as object of study, this paper takes a macroscopic view to reveal the overall ability and actual operational status by giving an overview of the recent business at present stage and setting up a SWOT model for a deeper analysis of development environment and actual operation income. Then a credit risk analysis is conducted from the internal and external perspective on the X village bank and an overview of actual credit risk management within the banks is generated. At last, based on credit risk management shortcomings and the actual conditions of X village bank, this paper proposes a constructive risk management strategy in the light of local conditions external security mechanisms and internal control mechanisms combined with modern information technology to guard against credit risk and to actively improve the process of basic database construction for rural credit information.
In short, based on the X village bank the actual operating conditions and technical conditions, If you want to make a qualitative leap in the X village bank's risk management:improve the awareness of all staff of the bank's internal risk management, and actively create a good internal control culture is the core; speed up the construction of the financial team of professionals and the application of modern information technology, to establish a scientific loan floating interest rates, abundant credit services products and by way of security is the key; strengthen the legal construction of rural credit and external regulatory system, improve the agricultural credit risk compensation mechanisms the guarantee.
引文
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