考虑土与结构相互作用的天津站交通枢纽工程地震反应分析
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摘要
随着城市各类轨道交通的发展,作为各类交通连接和换乘的车站结构(交通枢纽)迅速兴建与发展起来。天津站交通枢纽工程作为北京奥运的配套项目,天津市“十一五”规划重点工程,需要对工程结构的各方面进行深入研究。作为生命线工程的重要组成部分,交通枢纽抗震问题已经成为城市工程抗震和防灾减灾研究的重要课题。为此本文针对天津站交通枢纽工程,主要做了以下几方面工作:
(1)对天津站交通枢纽地下及地上车站结构进行合理的简化,地下结构楼板在其自身平面简化为刚度无穷大的平板,地上结构简化为梁柱体系,楼板通过质量和刚度折算简化为梁系;确定结构及土体的弹塑性本构模型和合理的单元模型;实现了二维和三维粘弹性人工边界在ANSYS程序中的应用;建立了合理的考虑土与结构相互作用的动力分析有限元模型并确定了非线性动力方程的求解方法。
(2)将桩土区域简化为桩土复合体模型,以减小单元数目,降低计算量。建立桩土单元体有限元模型模拟小尺寸试验构件的破坏行为,从而得到复合体模型的各项弹性常数以及本构关系。由于地震作用下桩土区域主要承受水平力作用,因此选择模拟出的剪应力—剪应变本构关系近似作为整个复合体模型的材料本构关系。
(3)选择交通枢纽结构的典型截面,建立考虑土与结构相互作用的二维模型,计算车站结构在不同幅值三条地震波作用下的位移及内力反应,并与不考虑土与结构相互作用的模型计算结果进行比较。发现考虑桩土效应后,整个体系的自振频率减小,自振周期相应增大,即整个体系的柔性增加。并且地下车站结构周围的土在地震作用下易进入塑性,从而影响整个结构的位移以及内力反应。
(4)建立交通枢纽工程的三维动力分析模型,计算了结构在不同幅值三条地震波作用下的地震反应规律。得到在天津波作用下天津站交通枢纽结构的地震反应最大,Taft波次之,人工波的地震反应最小;地下地上车站结构的位移反应均小于规范中的限值,整体交通枢纽工程抗震性能良好。地上结构的加速度和位移反应明显大于地下结构,尤其是城际车站二层由于层高较高,加速度和位移反应最大。地下结构一层柱顶端和三层柱底端内力反应较大,这些结构中相对薄弱的环节,应该引起重视。
With the development of the urban rail transit, all types of transport connections and the change of the station building are developed rapidly. As a project supporting of the Beijing Olympics and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" key projects of Tianjin, Tianjin Station transport junction need all aspects of studying on the structures. as an important component of the Lifeline works, the seismic of the transport juction has become a important issue of the city earthquake engineering and earthquake disaster prevention.The main achievements of this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) Tianjin station transportion junction was reasonable simplified. The floor of the underground structure was regarded as a infinite stiffness flat in its own plane,and the ground structure is regarded as a beam-column system.The nonlinear constitutive models and the element in the finite models of soil and building were chosed;the two-dimensional and three-dimensional viscoelastic artificial boundary were realized in the ANSYS Program. The soil-structure interaction analysis of dynamic finite element model was established and the dynamic time history analysis method was determined.
(2) In order to reduce the computation the pile-soil region was regarded as a equivalent composite material model.the pile-soil cell finite element model was establised to simulate the destrction of the small size components, and the elastic constants of the composite material model were attained. Select shear stress -strain constitutive relation was chosed to regard as the material constitutive relation of the composite material model.
(3) The structure-pile-soil finite element model of two typical cross sections of the Tianjin station Transport Junction were established and the seismic responds of the whole system under three different seismic load was attainted. Comparing the result of the seismic responds with the rigid foundation model, the result shown that the frequency of the rigid foundation model is greater than the soil-structure interaction system, and the soil around the structure is easy to be plastic,and has some effect on the seismic responds.
(4) The three-dimensional dynamic analysis model of the Tianjin transportion model was establised and the seismic responds under three different seismic waves were calculated and some conclusions were got. The seismic responds of the transport junction under Tianjin seismic wave were the greatest. The displacemet responds norms are less than the limit. The accelaration and displacment responds of the ground structure is greater than the underground structure, particularly for the top of station of the ground struction. The interal force of the column top on first floor and the column footing on third floor were comparatively large. This weakness of the structure should be payed more attention on them.
(1)对天津站交通枢纽地下及地上车站结构进行合理的简化,地下结构楼板在其自身平面简化为刚度无穷大的平板,地上结构简化为梁柱体系,楼板通过质量和刚度折算简化为梁系;确定结构及土体的弹塑性本构模型和合理的单元模型;实现了二维和三维粘弹性人工边界在ANSYS程序中的应用;建立了合理的考虑土与结构相互作用的动力分析有限元模型并确定了非线性动力方程的求解方法。
(2)将桩土区域简化为桩土复合体模型,以减小单元数目,降低计算量。建立桩土单元体有限元模型模拟小尺寸试验构件的破坏行为,从而得到复合体模型的各项弹性常数以及本构关系。由于地震作用下桩土区域主要承受水平力作用,因此选择模拟出的剪应力—剪应变本构关系近似作为整个复合体模型的材料本构关系。
(3)选择交通枢纽结构的典型截面,建立考虑土与结构相互作用的二维模型,计算车站结构在不同幅值三条地震波作用下的位移及内力反应,并与不考虑土与结构相互作用的模型计算结果进行比较。发现考虑桩土效应后,整个体系的自振频率减小,自振周期相应增大,即整个体系的柔性增加。并且地下车站结构周围的土在地震作用下易进入塑性,从而影响整个结构的位移以及内力反应。
(4)建立交通枢纽工程的三维动力分析模型,计算了结构在不同幅值三条地震波作用下的地震反应规律。得到在天津波作用下天津站交通枢纽结构的地震反应最大,Taft波次之,人工波的地震反应最小;地下地上车站结构的位移反应均小于规范中的限值,整体交通枢纽工程抗震性能良好。地上结构的加速度和位移反应明显大于地下结构,尤其是城际车站二层由于层高较高,加速度和位移反应最大。地下结构一层柱顶端和三层柱底端内力反应较大,这些结构中相对薄弱的环节,应该引起重视。
With the development of the urban rail transit, all types of transport connections and the change of the station building are developed rapidly. As a project supporting of the Beijing Olympics and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" key projects of Tianjin, Tianjin Station transport junction need all aspects of studying on the structures. as an important component of the Lifeline works, the seismic of the transport juction has become a important issue of the city earthquake engineering and earthquake disaster prevention.The main achievements of this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) Tianjin station transportion junction was reasonable simplified. The floor of the underground structure was regarded as a infinite stiffness flat in its own plane,and the ground structure is regarded as a beam-column system.The nonlinear constitutive models and the element in the finite models of soil and building were chosed;the two-dimensional and three-dimensional viscoelastic artificial boundary were realized in the ANSYS Program. The soil-structure interaction analysis of dynamic finite element model was established and the dynamic time history analysis method was determined.
(2) In order to reduce the computation the pile-soil region was regarded as a equivalent composite material model.the pile-soil cell finite element model was establised to simulate the destrction of the small size components, and the elastic constants of the composite material model were attained. Select shear stress -strain constitutive relation was chosed to regard as the material constitutive relation of the composite material model.
(3) The structure-pile-soil finite element model of two typical cross sections of the Tianjin station Transport Junction were established and the seismic responds of the whole system under three different seismic load was attainted. Comparing the result of the seismic responds with the rigid foundation model, the result shown that the frequency of the rigid foundation model is greater than the soil-structure interaction system, and the soil around the structure is easy to be plastic,and has some effect on the seismic responds.
(4) The three-dimensional dynamic analysis model of the Tianjin transportion model was establised and the seismic responds under three different seismic waves were calculated and some conclusions were got. The seismic responds of the transport junction under Tianjin seismic wave were the greatest. The displacemet responds norms are less than the limit. The accelaration and displacment responds of the ground structure is greater than the underground structure, particularly for the top of station of the ground struction. The interal force of the column top on first floor and the column footing on third floor were comparatively large. This weakness of the structure should be payed more attention on them.
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