高中生职业生涯探索及其相关研究
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摘要
择业和就业是每个人一生中都要面临的重大课题,它与社会的发展和个体的幸福感息息相关。在就业压力日益加大的今天,尽早进行职业生涯探索对个体的职业选择和发展显得尤为重要和必要。而与国外相比,国内对职业生涯探索尤其是针对中学生群体的研究与实践少之又少。本文针对高中生这一群体,研究其职业生涯探索及其影响因素,以期能更好的帮助高中生进行职业生涯探索。
本研究在职业生涯探索、社会支持和自尊的相关文献述评的基础上,以河南省6所高级中学的900多名高中生为样本,采用文献分析法、问卷调查法等研究方法,通过独立样本t检验、方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计分析技术研究了高中生职业生涯探索状况以及与社会支持和自尊的关系。研究结论如下:
第一,描述性分析结果表明,高中生普遍缺乏职业生涯探索,且职业生涯探索的行为滞后于对探索的认识和情感体验。同时表明,高中生所领悟到的社会支持的总水平以及个别来源的社会支持水平不高,各来源的支持水平从高到低依次是原同伴支持、家庭支持、新同伴支持和教师支持。
第二,高中生的性别、年级、文理科、学校类型、家庭来源以及是否接受过职业咨询或辅导等人口学变量在职业生涯探索或不同维度上存在显著的差异。
第三,相关分析结果表明,高中生职业生涯探索三个一阶因子以及十一个二阶因子与自尊、社会支持各维度均存在显著正相关关系。
第四,回归分析结果表明,自尊、教师支持、家庭支持、原同伴支持对高中生职业生涯探索有显著的正向预测作用。在这三种社会支持源中,教师支持的预测作用最大,其次是原同伴支持,家庭支持的预测作用最小。
最后,在中介效应检验中,自尊在教师支持与职业生涯探索间的中介作用显著;自尊在家庭支持与职业生涯探索间的中介作用显著;自尊在原同伴支持和职业生涯探索间的中介作用也显著,且均是部分中介作用。
Selecting and obtaining employment is a great task for everyone to be dealt with in one’s life, which is closely concerned to social development and one’s sense of happiness. Now the employment pressure is increasing, so it is very important and necessary for one’s career selection and development to explore career as soon as possible. Compared with foreign researches, scientific achievements are extremely rare on theory and practice in the field of career exploration especially for high school students in china. The purpose of this paper is to describe the status of senior high school students’career exploration and study its influential factors in order to help them explore their career much better.
Based on the comprehensive review of papers on career exploration, social support and self-esteem, the survey covered more than 900 senior high school students from 6 schools in Henan province. Some standard research methods such as literature review and questionnaire survey and some statistic techniques such as t-test, variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied in this paper to explore the status of senior high school students’career exploration and the relationship among social support, self-esteem and it. The conclusions were drawn as following:
First, The descriptive analysis show that senior high school students lack career exploration universally and their behavior falls behind their emotional experience and understanding towards it. Meantime, the level of their whole social support and the support from some sources is not very high with the support from their old friends being the most important supporting source and the support from their teachers being the least important one.
Second, the differences on population statistic variables such as gender, grade, separation of arts subject and science subject, school type, family source and the fact whether they receive career counseling are significant in career exploration or its different dimensions.
Third, the correlation analysis shows that senior high school students’career exploration and its three first-order factors as well as eleven second-order factors have a positive relationship with self-esteem and every dimensions of social support.
Fourth, regression analysis shows that self-esteem, the support from teachers, family and old friends can positively predict senior high school students’career exploration. Of the three supporting sources, the support from teachers plays the most important role in predicting their career exploration and the support from family is the least important one.
Finally, in the mediating effect of test, self-esteem has partly mediating effect between the support from teachers and career exploration and it plays the same role between the support from family and career exploration. In addition, self-esteem also has partly mediating effect between the support from old friends and career exploration.
本研究在职业生涯探索、社会支持和自尊的相关文献述评的基础上,以河南省6所高级中学的900多名高中生为样本,采用文献分析法、问卷调查法等研究方法,通过独立样本t检验、方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计分析技术研究了高中生职业生涯探索状况以及与社会支持和自尊的关系。研究结论如下:
第一,描述性分析结果表明,高中生普遍缺乏职业生涯探索,且职业生涯探索的行为滞后于对探索的认识和情感体验。同时表明,高中生所领悟到的社会支持的总水平以及个别来源的社会支持水平不高,各来源的支持水平从高到低依次是原同伴支持、家庭支持、新同伴支持和教师支持。
第二,高中生的性别、年级、文理科、学校类型、家庭来源以及是否接受过职业咨询或辅导等人口学变量在职业生涯探索或不同维度上存在显著的差异。
第三,相关分析结果表明,高中生职业生涯探索三个一阶因子以及十一个二阶因子与自尊、社会支持各维度均存在显著正相关关系。
第四,回归分析结果表明,自尊、教师支持、家庭支持、原同伴支持对高中生职业生涯探索有显著的正向预测作用。在这三种社会支持源中,教师支持的预测作用最大,其次是原同伴支持,家庭支持的预测作用最小。
最后,在中介效应检验中,自尊在教师支持与职业生涯探索间的中介作用显著;自尊在家庭支持与职业生涯探索间的中介作用显著;自尊在原同伴支持和职业生涯探索间的中介作用也显著,且均是部分中介作用。
Selecting and obtaining employment is a great task for everyone to be dealt with in one’s life, which is closely concerned to social development and one’s sense of happiness. Now the employment pressure is increasing, so it is very important and necessary for one’s career selection and development to explore career as soon as possible. Compared with foreign researches, scientific achievements are extremely rare on theory and practice in the field of career exploration especially for high school students in china. The purpose of this paper is to describe the status of senior high school students’career exploration and study its influential factors in order to help them explore their career much better.
Based on the comprehensive review of papers on career exploration, social support and self-esteem, the survey covered more than 900 senior high school students from 6 schools in Henan province. Some standard research methods such as literature review and questionnaire survey and some statistic techniques such as t-test, variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied in this paper to explore the status of senior high school students’career exploration and the relationship among social support, self-esteem and it. The conclusions were drawn as following:
First, The descriptive analysis show that senior high school students lack career exploration universally and their behavior falls behind their emotional experience and understanding towards it. Meantime, the level of their whole social support and the support from some sources is not very high with the support from their old friends being the most important supporting source and the support from their teachers being the least important one.
Second, the differences on population statistic variables such as gender, grade, separation of arts subject and science subject, school type, family source and the fact whether they receive career counseling are significant in career exploration or its different dimensions.
Third, the correlation analysis shows that senior high school students’career exploration and its three first-order factors as well as eleven second-order factors have a positive relationship with self-esteem and every dimensions of social support.
Fourth, regression analysis shows that self-esteem, the support from teachers, family and old friends can positively predict senior high school students’career exploration. Of the three supporting sources, the support from teachers plays the most important role in predicting their career exploration and the support from family is the least important one.
Finally, in the mediating effect of test, self-esteem has partly mediating effect between the support from teachers and career exploration and it plays the same role between the support from family and career exploration. In addition, self-esteem also has partly mediating effect between the support from old friends and career exploration.
引文
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