信息化条件下制造业企业工艺创新机制系统研究
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摘要
对于现代制造业企业来说,工艺创新已成为企业获得竞争优势的核心来源之一,是企业生存的根基与持续性发展的动力。伴随着制造业企业信息化进程的加快,先进的生产技术和信息系统对企业工艺创新产生了深远影响,信息化与工艺创新的组合进一步促进企业提高生产效率、降低成本、降低能耗、减少环境污染,推动了企业工艺创新的进展。在此背景下,本文探究了信息化条件下制造业企业工艺创新机制系统的主要构成和运行规律,并详细论证了以下内容：
本文界定了工艺创新、工艺创新机制的概念和特征,并基于系统观论述了制造业企业工艺创新机制系统的含义,认为工艺创新机制系统是由工艺创新各种机制间的相互关联和动态作用所形成的、以实现工艺创新战略目标的有机结合体。此外,论述了工艺创新机制的系统功能,探讨了机制系统中所包括的动力机制、决策机制、组织机制和扩散机制四种要素以及系统运行的企业内外部信息化环境,最后构建了信息化条件下工艺创新机制系统的总体框架。
在工艺创新动力机制研究方面,本文论述了信息技术驱动的外部工艺创新动力源和内部动力源,其中外部动力源包括IT进步、IT设备供应商、政府IT政策,内部动力源包括IT范围经济、IT能力。在此基础上构建了五种动力源对制造业企业工艺创新驱动的理论模型和假设,并通过结构方程模型(SEM)结合大样本数据验证了五种动力源对工艺创新的驱动效应。实证结果表明IT进步对工艺创新的正向驱动总效应最大,其他动力源按照正向驱动总效应递减顺序依次为IT范围经济、IT设备供应商、IT能力和政府IT政策。此外,本文对工艺创新动力传导路径、传导阶段、传导过程中的支撑因素和阻力因素也进行了详细分析。
在工艺创新决策机制研究方面,本文探讨了信息化条件下工艺创新决策机制中的创新产出、创新成本、产品质量、能源消耗、环境污染和信息化支持六种决策目标,详细分析了信息化条件下工艺创新决策权最优分配问题,并依据制造业企业工艺创新的决策目标,建立了企业工艺创新模糊多属性群决策模型,运用TOPSIS法并结合该模型对算例进行了工艺创新决策方案选优。
在工艺创新组织机制研究方面,基于工艺创新组织结构概念,本文分析了四种传统的工艺创新组织结构类型,论述了信息化对工艺创新组织结构产生的影响,基于此提出了新型的工艺创新虚拟动态联盟组织结构,认为工艺创新虚拟动态联盟是由企业内部、企业与企业、企业与社会组织(科研院所)之间基于工艺创新任务而构成的具有网络关系并超越时间、空间约束的临时性动态联盟。此外,本文结合这种新型工艺创新组织结构,分析了工艺创新组织实施中的实施流程、组织学习问题,并论述了工艺创新组织控制的内容、组织控制中的信息化平台建设以及组织控制的运行。
在工艺创新决策机制研究方面,本文分析了信息化条件下制造业企业工艺创新的扩散要素,即提供者、扩散渠道和采纳者,论述了工艺创新从创新提供者通过扩散渠道扩散给采纳者的三种主要过程,即工艺创新的链式扩散过程、链式—回路扩散过程及网络式扩散过程。此外,本文基于WS小世界模型对工艺创新扩散速率进行仿真,结合仿真结果分析了扩散概率、网络规模和网络关系强度与工艺创新扩散速率的关系。
基于以上四种机制的研究,本文应用协同论对工艺创新机制系统的协同关系进行分析,提出了工艺创新机制系统的协同效应概念,选取了工艺创新机制子系统的一级指标及其评价指标、信息化的一级指标及其评价指标,建立了信息化条件下工艺创新机制系统协同效应评价体系,利用AHP法对评价体系中的子系统、一级指标、评价指标权重进行确定,并构建了工艺创新机制系统的协同效应评价模型。
最后,本文选取HCF企业进行实证分析。通过对HCF企业的信息化与工艺创新概况的介绍,分析了该企业工艺创新动力机制、决策机制、组织机制和扩散机制,并通过收集数据,对HCF企业工艺创新机制子系统的内部协同效应、机制系统的整体协同效应、信息化与工艺创新机制系统的协同效应进行评价,并依据评价结果提出了进一步完善工艺创新机制的相应启示。
For the modern manufacturing enterprises, process innovation has become one source of core competitive advantages, which is the foundation of business survival and sustainable development. With the manufacturing industry speeding up the process of enterprise information, advanced production technology and information systems on business process innovation had a profound impact, the combination of information technology and process innovation could help to lower the productivity reduce cost, reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental pollution, promote the progress of the business process innovation in enterprises. In this context, the paper explores manufacturing enterprises process innovation mechanism's main components and operating rule under the conditions of information, and demonstrated in detail in following:
The content and characteristics of process innovation, process innovation mechanisms were difined. And based on the systematic view, the definition of manufacturing enterprise process innovation mechanism system was discussed, which is one organic combination that is formed by the mutual correlation and dynamic action between various mechanisms to realize the strategic goal of the process innovation. In addition, the process of innovation mechanism of four kinds of system function was analysized. And four elements of the mechanism system included dynamic mechanism, decision-making mechanism, organizational mechanism and diffusion mechanism,as well as internal and external information environment was explored. Finally, based on the above analysis, the overall framework of process innovation mechanism system was constructed.
In the respect of research on process innovation dynamic mechanism, external and internal power sources of process innovation dynamic system under the informatization circumstances were expounded. External power sources include IT advancement, IT equipment suppliers, government polices on IT, while the internal ones include IT economy of scope, IT capability. Results of SEM with sample data validated the five power sources' driving effect. The results of the modified model showed that IT progress had the most significant positive driving effect, others in the successive order of diminishing positive driving effect were IT economies of scope, IT equipment suppliers, IT capabilities and government IT policy. Moreover, the process innovation transmission paths, transmission phase, supportive and obstructive elements during transmission were elaborated as well.
In the respect of research on process innovation decision-making mechanism,the six targets of process innovation decision mechanism under informatizaiton were discussed, including innovation output, innovation cost, product quality, energy consumption, environment pollution and informatization support. The optimum allocation of decision-making authority was analyzed in details. According to decision-making targets of process innovation in manufacturing enterprises, a fuzzy multiple attribute group decision-making model for process innovation decision were established with the basis of TOPSIS algorithm. Then process innovation decision schemes were selected with the model and algorithm.
In the respect of research on process innovation organizational mechanism,four traditional organization structures of process innovation were discussed after its concept was defined. The effects of informatization on the process innovation organization structure were also analyzed. Based on the analysis results, a new organization structure type of process innovation was brought forward, that is virtual dynamic union organization structure which is the provisional dynamic union formed by departments of enterprise,enterprise and enterprise, enterprise and social organization (research institutes) based on process innovation tasks with network relations and transcend time and space constraints. Then, the implementation problems of the implementing processes, organization learning and inter-organizational coordination of the new process innovation were discussed. Content of the process innovation organization control, the information platform construction and the operation of organization control were dissertated.
In the respect of research on process innovation diffusion mechanism,process innovation diffusion factors in manufacturing enterprises in informatization conditions were analyzed, which contained providers, diffusion channels and receivers. Then, diffusion patterns of process innovation from innovation providers to adopters through diffusion channels were dissertated, there were three patterns:chain diffusion process, chain-loop diffusion process and network diffusion process. This dissertation performed a simulation research to test the rate of innovation diffusion based on small world networks model, according to the test results, the relations between the diffusion probability, network scale, networks strength and innovation diffusion rate were discussed.
On the basis of research on four mechanism, the synergy relations as well as quantitative evaluation of synergy effect of process innovation mechanism was analysized with applied synergy theory. Furthurmore,the conception of synergy degree of process innovation mechanism system was proposed and the sequence parameter and the evaluation index of process innovation mechanism subsystems and informatization was selected. After that,the evaluation system of synergy degree in informatization and process innovation mechanism system was established. The weights of subsystems,the sequence parameters and evaluation indexes in evaluation system were ascertain using AHP method. Finally,the synergy degree evaluation model of process innovation mechanism system constructed.
In the last,the enterprise of HCF was selected in empirical analysis. Through the introduction of informatization and process innovation situation in the enterprise of HCF, this dissertation analyzed process innovation dynamic mechanisms, decision-making mechanisms, organization mechanisms and diffusion mechanisms in the enterprise of HCF, and through the collection of the data in order to make an evaluation on the internal synergy degree of process innovation mechanism subsystems, the overall synergy degree of mechanism system, the synergy degree of process innovation mechanism system and informatization, and proposed the enlightenment on improving process innovation mechanism based on the evaluation results.
本文界定了工艺创新、工艺创新机制的概念和特征,并基于系统观论述了制造业企业工艺创新机制系统的含义,认为工艺创新机制系统是由工艺创新各种机制间的相互关联和动态作用所形成的、以实现工艺创新战略目标的有机结合体。此外,论述了工艺创新机制的系统功能,探讨了机制系统中所包括的动力机制、决策机制、组织机制和扩散机制四种要素以及系统运行的企业内外部信息化环境,最后构建了信息化条件下工艺创新机制系统的总体框架。
在工艺创新动力机制研究方面,本文论述了信息技术驱动的外部工艺创新动力源和内部动力源,其中外部动力源包括IT进步、IT设备供应商、政府IT政策,内部动力源包括IT范围经济、IT能力。在此基础上构建了五种动力源对制造业企业工艺创新驱动的理论模型和假设,并通过结构方程模型(SEM)结合大样本数据验证了五种动力源对工艺创新的驱动效应。实证结果表明IT进步对工艺创新的正向驱动总效应最大,其他动力源按照正向驱动总效应递减顺序依次为IT范围经济、IT设备供应商、IT能力和政府IT政策。此外,本文对工艺创新动力传导路径、传导阶段、传导过程中的支撑因素和阻力因素也进行了详细分析。
在工艺创新决策机制研究方面,本文探讨了信息化条件下工艺创新决策机制中的创新产出、创新成本、产品质量、能源消耗、环境污染和信息化支持六种决策目标,详细分析了信息化条件下工艺创新决策权最优分配问题,并依据制造业企业工艺创新的决策目标,建立了企业工艺创新模糊多属性群决策模型,运用TOPSIS法并结合该模型对算例进行了工艺创新决策方案选优。
在工艺创新组织机制研究方面,基于工艺创新组织结构概念,本文分析了四种传统的工艺创新组织结构类型,论述了信息化对工艺创新组织结构产生的影响,基于此提出了新型的工艺创新虚拟动态联盟组织结构,认为工艺创新虚拟动态联盟是由企业内部、企业与企业、企业与社会组织(科研院所)之间基于工艺创新任务而构成的具有网络关系并超越时间、空间约束的临时性动态联盟。此外,本文结合这种新型工艺创新组织结构,分析了工艺创新组织实施中的实施流程、组织学习问题,并论述了工艺创新组织控制的内容、组织控制中的信息化平台建设以及组织控制的运行。
在工艺创新决策机制研究方面,本文分析了信息化条件下制造业企业工艺创新的扩散要素,即提供者、扩散渠道和采纳者,论述了工艺创新从创新提供者通过扩散渠道扩散给采纳者的三种主要过程,即工艺创新的链式扩散过程、链式—回路扩散过程及网络式扩散过程。此外,本文基于WS小世界模型对工艺创新扩散速率进行仿真,结合仿真结果分析了扩散概率、网络规模和网络关系强度与工艺创新扩散速率的关系。
基于以上四种机制的研究,本文应用协同论对工艺创新机制系统的协同关系进行分析,提出了工艺创新机制系统的协同效应概念,选取了工艺创新机制子系统的一级指标及其评价指标、信息化的一级指标及其评价指标,建立了信息化条件下工艺创新机制系统协同效应评价体系,利用AHP法对评价体系中的子系统、一级指标、评价指标权重进行确定,并构建了工艺创新机制系统的协同效应评价模型。
最后,本文选取HCF企业进行实证分析。通过对HCF企业的信息化与工艺创新概况的介绍,分析了该企业工艺创新动力机制、决策机制、组织机制和扩散机制,并通过收集数据,对HCF企业工艺创新机制子系统的内部协同效应、机制系统的整体协同效应、信息化与工艺创新机制系统的协同效应进行评价,并依据评价结果提出了进一步完善工艺创新机制的相应启示。
For the modern manufacturing enterprises, process innovation has become one source of core competitive advantages, which is the foundation of business survival and sustainable development. With the manufacturing industry speeding up the process of enterprise information, advanced production technology and information systems on business process innovation had a profound impact, the combination of information technology and process innovation could help to lower the productivity reduce cost, reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental pollution, promote the progress of the business process innovation in enterprises. In this context, the paper explores manufacturing enterprises process innovation mechanism's main components and operating rule under the conditions of information, and demonstrated in detail in following:
The content and characteristics of process innovation, process innovation mechanisms were difined. And based on the systematic view, the definition of manufacturing enterprise process innovation mechanism system was discussed, which is one organic combination that is formed by the mutual correlation and dynamic action between various mechanisms to realize the strategic goal of the process innovation. In addition, the process of innovation mechanism of four kinds of system function was analysized. And four elements of the mechanism system included dynamic mechanism, decision-making mechanism, organizational mechanism and diffusion mechanism,as well as internal and external information environment was explored. Finally, based on the above analysis, the overall framework of process innovation mechanism system was constructed.
In the respect of research on process innovation dynamic mechanism, external and internal power sources of process innovation dynamic system under the informatization circumstances were expounded. External power sources include IT advancement, IT equipment suppliers, government polices on IT, while the internal ones include IT economy of scope, IT capability. Results of SEM with sample data validated the five power sources' driving effect. The results of the modified model showed that IT progress had the most significant positive driving effect, others in the successive order of diminishing positive driving effect were IT economies of scope, IT equipment suppliers, IT capabilities and government IT policy. Moreover, the process innovation transmission paths, transmission phase, supportive and obstructive elements during transmission were elaborated as well.
In the respect of research on process innovation decision-making mechanism,the six targets of process innovation decision mechanism under informatizaiton were discussed, including innovation output, innovation cost, product quality, energy consumption, environment pollution and informatization support. The optimum allocation of decision-making authority was analyzed in details. According to decision-making targets of process innovation in manufacturing enterprises, a fuzzy multiple attribute group decision-making model for process innovation decision were established with the basis of TOPSIS algorithm. Then process innovation decision schemes were selected with the model and algorithm.
In the respect of research on process innovation organizational mechanism,four traditional organization structures of process innovation were discussed after its concept was defined. The effects of informatization on the process innovation organization structure were also analyzed. Based on the analysis results, a new organization structure type of process innovation was brought forward, that is virtual dynamic union organization structure which is the provisional dynamic union formed by departments of enterprise,enterprise and enterprise, enterprise and social organization (research institutes) based on process innovation tasks with network relations and transcend time and space constraints. Then, the implementation problems of the implementing processes, organization learning and inter-organizational coordination of the new process innovation were discussed. Content of the process innovation organization control, the information platform construction and the operation of organization control were dissertated.
In the respect of research on process innovation diffusion mechanism,process innovation diffusion factors in manufacturing enterprises in informatization conditions were analyzed, which contained providers, diffusion channels and receivers. Then, diffusion patterns of process innovation from innovation providers to adopters through diffusion channels were dissertated, there were three patterns:chain diffusion process, chain-loop diffusion process and network diffusion process. This dissertation performed a simulation research to test the rate of innovation diffusion based on small world networks model, according to the test results, the relations between the diffusion probability, network scale, networks strength and innovation diffusion rate were discussed.
On the basis of research on four mechanism, the synergy relations as well as quantitative evaluation of synergy effect of process innovation mechanism was analysized with applied synergy theory. Furthurmore,the conception of synergy degree of process innovation mechanism system was proposed and the sequence parameter and the evaluation index of process innovation mechanism subsystems and informatization was selected. After that,the evaluation system of synergy degree in informatization and process innovation mechanism system was established. The weights of subsystems,the sequence parameters and evaluation indexes in evaluation system were ascertain using AHP method. Finally,the synergy degree evaluation model of process innovation mechanism system constructed.
In the last,the enterprise of HCF was selected in empirical analysis. Through the introduction of informatization and process innovation situation in the enterprise of HCF, this dissertation analyzed process innovation dynamic mechanisms, decision-making mechanisms, organization mechanisms and diffusion mechanisms in the enterprise of HCF, and through the collection of the data in order to make an evaluation on the internal synergy degree of process innovation mechanism subsystems, the overall synergy degree of mechanism system, the synergy degree of process innovation mechanism system and informatization, and proposed the enlightenment on improving process innovation mechanism based on the evaluation results.
引文
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