低温热源驱动第二类吸收式热泵的模拟优化研究
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摘要
第二类吸收式热泵是回收低温位热能的有效装置之一。本文针对地热采暖中普遍存在的地热尾水排放温度较高问题,提出了利用溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统回收低温余热的节能方案。
本文根据热力学原理,通过建立质量和能量平衡关系方程,利用工质的热物性数学关联式,建立了溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的数学模型,编写了系统循环模拟软件。分析了系统主要参数蒸发温度、冷凝温度、吸收温度和发生温度等参数对系统性能的影响趋势和规律,根据分析可知,通过提高蒸发温度、降低冷凝温度和降低吸收温度的方法来提高系统的性能。本文采用约束非线性规划方法中的可变容差法,对用于回收地热余热的溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统进行了优化设计。在系统模拟程序的基础上,编写了优化程序。针对本文提出的节能方案,在对原有优化目标函数分析讨论的基础上,提出了新的优化目标函数1/(COP/A)(LH tA),该目标函数不但考虑了热泵系统的性价比,而且还兼顾了废热水的回收利用效果,以新目标函数对节能方案进行优化计算得到了较为理想的计算结果。在热泵系统循环模拟与优化分析的基础上,利用Visual FORTRAN与VB语言,开发出了适用于低温废热水驱动的溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的模拟优化软件AOS,它的开发为复杂的优化设计工作提供了便利。应用软件AOS,对一实际别墅小区进行了供热系统的设计计算,并对此设计方案的经济性、节能性和环境效益进行了分析讨论。通过与燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉、中高温热泵以及城市集中热网等其它采暖方式进行对比分析后得出,溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵在某种特定条件下,经济性具有一定的优越性,可达到节能和环保的目的。
The Absorption Heat Transformer is a kind of energy-saving equipments, which can recover effectively the low-temperature waste heat. Because there are usually lots of low-temperature waste heat discharged from the process of supplying heat in winter by the hot geothermal water, this paper proposes an energy-saving scheme using the AHT system to recovery the geothermal waste heat.
Based on the thermodynamics principles, the LiBr-H2O AHT system is described mathematically by establishing the mass balance equation and the energy balance equation and utilizing the mathematical equation about the LiBr-H2O’s thermal properties. The simulation program of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is complied and through using the simulation program, the change of the LiBr-H2O AHT system’s performance on the main system parameters, the evaporating temperature, the condensing temperature, the absorbing temperature, the generating temperature and etc, is discussed. From the discussion, the system’s performance can be improved by raising the absorbing temperature, lowering the condensing temperature or lowering the condensing temperature. The optimization designing of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is analyzed by using the variable tolerance method, one of the nonlinear programming methods. On the basis of the simulation program, the optimization program is complied. In accordance with the energy-saving scheme’s characteristics, a new majorized function considering both the ratio of quality to price and the waste heat recovering effect, was proposed through analyzing the optimization results under the old majorized functions and a perfect optimum design result is obtained by utilizing the optimization program under the new majorized function. A new software, AOS, is developed by applying FORTRAN and VB, which is applicable for the optimization designing of the LiBr-H2O AHT system for recovering the heat of low-temperature waste water and it simplifies the complicated optimization designing. The optimum design of an actual villa district is completed by using the AOS software and the economical efficiency, energy-saving efficiency and environment efficiency are discussed. The results of discussion show, the economical efficiency, energy-saving efficiency and environment efficiency of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is excellent under certain conditions, contrasting to the oil-fired boiler, the gas-fired boiler, medium-high temperature heat pump and the city heating net.
本文根据热力学原理,通过建立质量和能量平衡关系方程,利用工质的热物性数学关联式,建立了溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的数学模型,编写了系统循环模拟软件。分析了系统主要参数蒸发温度、冷凝温度、吸收温度和发生温度等参数对系统性能的影响趋势和规律,根据分析可知,通过提高蒸发温度、降低冷凝温度和降低吸收温度的方法来提高系统的性能。本文采用约束非线性规划方法中的可变容差法,对用于回收地热余热的溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统进行了优化设计。在系统模拟程序的基础上,编写了优化程序。针对本文提出的节能方案,在对原有优化目标函数分析讨论的基础上,提出了新的优化目标函数1/(COP/A)(LH tA),该目标函数不但考虑了热泵系统的性价比,而且还兼顾了废热水的回收利用效果,以新目标函数对节能方案进行优化计算得到了较为理想的计算结果。在热泵系统循环模拟与优化分析的基础上,利用Visual FORTRAN与VB语言,开发出了适用于低温废热水驱动的溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的模拟优化软件AOS,它的开发为复杂的优化设计工作提供了便利。应用软件AOS,对一实际别墅小区进行了供热系统的设计计算,并对此设计方案的经济性、节能性和环境效益进行了分析讨论。通过与燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉、中高温热泵以及城市集中热网等其它采暖方式进行对比分析后得出,溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵在某种特定条件下,经济性具有一定的优越性,可达到节能和环保的目的。
The Absorption Heat Transformer is a kind of energy-saving equipments, which can recover effectively the low-temperature waste heat. Because there are usually lots of low-temperature waste heat discharged from the process of supplying heat in winter by the hot geothermal water, this paper proposes an energy-saving scheme using the AHT system to recovery the geothermal waste heat.
Based on the thermodynamics principles, the LiBr-H2O AHT system is described mathematically by establishing the mass balance equation and the energy balance equation and utilizing the mathematical equation about the LiBr-H2O’s thermal properties. The simulation program of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is complied and through using the simulation program, the change of the LiBr-H2O AHT system’s performance on the main system parameters, the evaporating temperature, the condensing temperature, the absorbing temperature, the generating temperature and etc, is discussed. From the discussion, the system’s performance can be improved by raising the absorbing temperature, lowering the condensing temperature or lowering the condensing temperature. The optimization designing of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is analyzed by using the variable tolerance method, one of the nonlinear programming methods. On the basis of the simulation program, the optimization program is complied. In accordance with the energy-saving scheme’s characteristics, a new majorized function considering both the ratio of quality to price and the waste heat recovering effect, was proposed through analyzing the optimization results under the old majorized functions and a perfect optimum design result is obtained by utilizing the optimization program under the new majorized function. A new software, AOS, is developed by applying FORTRAN and VB, which is applicable for the optimization designing of the LiBr-H2O AHT system for recovering the heat of low-temperature waste water and it simplifies the complicated optimization designing. The optimum design of an actual villa district is completed by using the AOS software and the economical efficiency, energy-saving efficiency and environment efficiency are discussed. The results of discussion show, the economical efficiency, energy-saving efficiency and environment efficiency of the LiBr-H2O AHT system is excellent under certain conditions, contrasting to the oil-fired boiler, the gas-fired boiler, medium-high temperature heat pump and the city heating net.
引文
[1]任连伟,陈嘉宾,李松平,吸收式热泵在工业上的应用,1998,l: 25-32
[2]钟理,严益群,谭盈科,水/二甘醇两级升温吸收式热泵的性能模拟,Energy Research and Information,1997,V13 (3):30-34
[3]马庸颇,LiBr-H2O 双吸收热变换器热力过程的模拟与优化:[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2004.6
[4]陈芝久,阙雄才,丁国良著,制冷系统热动力学,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[5]田宫 靖功,国外油田工程,1998,6:34～35
[6]邹盛欧,吸收式热泵的设计和应用,化工装备技术,1994,15 (2):14-19
[7]范林,陆震,曹卫华,吸收式热泵技术的新发展,1998,6:33-36
[8]耿惠彬,戴永庆,蔡小荣,从第 7 届国际吸收式热泵会议看吸收式技术的研究与开发,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2003,V3 (4):1～9
[9]陈松,杜恺,吸收式热泵初步分析与研究,制冷技术,2003,3:12～16
[10]Keay D A,Heat Pump Research and Development in USA,Heat Recovery System. 1983,3(3):165
[11]隋军,李淞平,袁一,工业环保与节能的有效手段-吸收式热泵技术,化工进展 2001,6:46～49
[12]钟理,严益群,谭盈科,水/二甘醇两级升温吸收式热泵的性能模拟,Energy Research and Information.1997,V13(3):30～34
[13]杨景昌,党洁修,LiBr-ZnCl2-CaBr2 /H20 体系增温型吸收热泵的操作性能预测,成都科技大学学报,1991,5:19～27
[14]党洁修等,几种无机物工质对增温型吸收热泵的实验研究,成都科技大学报,1992,4:27～32
[15]钟理等,水-乙二醉高温吸收式热泵系统的模拟分折,制冷,1990,3:17～22
[16]钟理等,Ⅱ型两级吸收式热泵循环及性能分析,流体工程,1992,12
[17]陈天择,严子浚,高温吸收式热泵的生态学准则优化,热能动力工程,1997,12(1):23～25
[18]冯丽珠等,模拟太阳能驱动吸收式装置的试验研究,太阳能学报,1995,16(1):9～20
[19]尹娟,史琳,朱明善,韩礼钟,二次提升型吸收式变热器热力性能分析,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(10):88～91
[20]尹娟,史琳,王鑫,朱明善,双效吸收式变热器热力性能分析,2000, 28(8):50～53
[21] Juan Yin,Lin Shi,Ming-Shan Zhu,Li-Zhong Han,Performance Analysis of an Absorption Heat Transformer with Different Working Fluid Combinations. Applied Energy,2000,67:281～292
[22]朱志国,吸收式热变换器过程模拟与优化研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002.3
[23] Homma R.,Nishiyama N.,Wakimizu H.,Simulation and research of single- effect absorption refrigerators driven by waste hot water,Proceedings of the international absorption heat pump conference'94,New Orleans:ASME AES 1994,31:273～278
[24] Grossman G.,Modular and flexible simulation of advanced absorption systems,AES,1994,31:345～351
[25]M.R Patterson and H. Perez-Blanco,Numerical fits of the properties of the lithium-bromide water solutions,ASHRAE Trans,94(2):2059-2077(1988)
[26]T. F. Irvine and T. Uemura,Steam and Gas Tables with Computer Equations. Academic Press,New York,1984
[27]莫劲松,制冷设备的最优化设计,制冷,1993,1
[28]汪树玉,刘国华,包志仁,结构优化设计的现状与进展[J],基建优化,1999,20(4):1~14
[29]D. M. Himmeldon,Applied Nonlinear programming,NewYork:McGraw-Hill, 1972
[30]李喜宏,夏秋雨等,微型冷库的优化设计研究,农业化工学报,2001:17(3)
[31]N. Usta,A.Ileri,Computerized economic optimization of refrigeration system design,Energy Conversion&Management,1999,(40):1089-1109
[32]何耀东,空调用溴化锂吸收式制冷机,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[33]戴永庆,溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[34]制冷工程设计手册编写组,制冷工程设计手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[35]高田秋一,吸收式制冷机,北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[36]龚宇烈,马伟斌,王剑锋等,利用吸收制冷技术开发中低温地热资源,地热能,2005,6:11～13
[37]刘靖,罗兴,电采暖应用及经济性分析,大众用电,2005,1:16～17
[38]邓波,曹惠玲,马志刚等,传统集中供热与燃气单元采暖方式的综合比较,河北工业大学学报,2001,8:42~47
[39]胡劲松,单户燃气采暖炉供暖方式的技术经济浅析,城市燃气,2004,8:10～12
[40]董明,孟富春,王羿等,北京圣世苑培训中心地热+热泵供暖系统,2005 年全国空调与热泵节能技术交流会论文集:144～154
[41]李新国,埋地换热器内热源理论与地源热泵运行特性研究: [博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004.6
[42]国家计委投资司建设部标准定额研究所,建设项目经济评价方法于参数实用手册,北京:新华出版社,1990
[43]于国清,建筑物太阳能供热与空调的技术经济分析:[博士后论文],湖南;湖南大学,2003.2
[2]钟理,严益群,谭盈科,水/二甘醇两级升温吸收式热泵的性能模拟,Energy Research and Information,1997,V13 (3):30-34
[3]马庸颇,LiBr-H2O 双吸收热变换器热力过程的模拟与优化:[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2004.6
[4]陈芝久,阙雄才,丁国良著,制冷系统热动力学,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[5]田宫 靖功,国外油田工程,1998,6:34～35
[6]邹盛欧,吸收式热泵的设计和应用,化工装备技术,1994,15 (2):14-19
[7]范林,陆震,曹卫华,吸收式热泵技术的新发展,1998,6:33-36
[8]耿惠彬,戴永庆,蔡小荣,从第 7 届国际吸收式热泵会议看吸收式技术的研究与开发,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2003,V3 (4):1～9
[9]陈松,杜恺,吸收式热泵初步分析与研究,制冷技术,2003,3:12～16
[10]Keay D A,Heat Pump Research and Development in USA,Heat Recovery System. 1983,3(3):165
[11]隋军,李淞平,袁一,工业环保与节能的有效手段-吸收式热泵技术,化工进展 2001,6:46～49
[12]钟理,严益群,谭盈科,水/二甘醇两级升温吸收式热泵的性能模拟,Energy Research and Information.1997,V13(3):30～34
[13]杨景昌,党洁修,LiBr-ZnCl2-CaBr2 /H20 体系增温型吸收热泵的操作性能预测,成都科技大学学报,1991,5:19～27
[14]党洁修等,几种无机物工质对增温型吸收热泵的实验研究,成都科技大学报,1992,4:27～32
[15]钟理等,水-乙二醉高温吸收式热泵系统的模拟分折,制冷,1990,3:17～22
[16]钟理等,Ⅱ型两级吸收式热泵循环及性能分析,流体工程,1992,12
[17]陈天择,严子浚,高温吸收式热泵的生态学准则优化,热能动力工程,1997,12(1):23～25
[18]冯丽珠等,模拟太阳能驱动吸收式装置的试验研究,太阳能学报,1995,16(1):9～20
[19]尹娟,史琳,朱明善,韩礼钟,二次提升型吸收式变热器热力性能分析,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(10):88～91
[20]尹娟,史琳,王鑫,朱明善,双效吸收式变热器热力性能分析,2000, 28(8):50～53
[21] Juan Yin,Lin Shi,Ming-Shan Zhu,Li-Zhong Han,Performance Analysis of an Absorption Heat Transformer with Different Working Fluid Combinations. Applied Energy,2000,67:281～292
[22]朱志国,吸收式热变换器过程模拟与优化研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002.3
[23] Homma R.,Nishiyama N.,Wakimizu H.,Simulation and research of single- effect absorption refrigerators driven by waste hot water,Proceedings of the international absorption heat pump conference'94,New Orleans:ASME AES 1994,31:273～278
[24] Grossman G.,Modular and flexible simulation of advanced absorption systems,AES,1994,31:345～351
[25]M.R Patterson and H. Perez-Blanco,Numerical fits of the properties of the lithium-bromide water solutions,ASHRAE Trans,94(2):2059-2077(1988)
[26]T. F. Irvine and T. Uemura,Steam and Gas Tables with Computer Equations. Academic Press,New York,1984
[27]莫劲松,制冷设备的最优化设计,制冷,1993,1
[28]汪树玉,刘国华,包志仁,结构优化设计的现状与进展[J],基建优化,1999,20(4):1~14
[29]D. M. Himmeldon,Applied Nonlinear programming,NewYork:McGraw-Hill, 1972
[30]李喜宏,夏秋雨等,微型冷库的优化设计研究,农业化工学报,2001:17(3)
[31]N. Usta,A.Ileri,Computerized economic optimization of refrigeration system design,Energy Conversion&Management,1999,(40):1089-1109
[32]何耀东,空调用溴化锂吸收式制冷机,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[33]戴永庆,溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[34]制冷工程设计手册编写组,制冷工程设计手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[35]高田秋一,吸收式制冷机,北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[36]龚宇烈,马伟斌,王剑锋等,利用吸收制冷技术开发中低温地热资源,地热能,2005,6:11～13
[37]刘靖,罗兴,电采暖应用及经济性分析,大众用电,2005,1:16～17
[38]邓波,曹惠玲,马志刚等,传统集中供热与燃气单元采暖方式的综合比较,河北工业大学学报,2001,8:42~47
[39]胡劲松,单户燃气采暖炉供暖方式的技术经济浅析,城市燃气,2004,8:10～12
[40]董明,孟富春,王羿等,北京圣世苑培训中心地热+热泵供暖系统,2005 年全国空调与热泵节能技术交流会论文集:144～154
[41]李新国,埋地换热器内热源理论与地源热泵运行特性研究: [博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004.6
[42]国家计委投资司建设部标准定额研究所,建设项目经济评价方法于参数实用手册,北京:新华出版社,1990
[43]于国清,建筑物太阳能供热与空调的技术经济分析:[博士后论文],湖南;湖南大学,2003.2