立地条件与砧木对砂梨叶片矿质营养含量变化的影响
摘要
本试验以丰水梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Housui)、黄金梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv. Whangkeumbae)和幸水梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Kousui)为试材,通过叶营养分析、DRIS等方法,研究了立地条件和砧木对试材叶片矿质营养元素变化的影响,主要研究结果如下:
1、通过DRIS法对高沙土丰水、黄金和幸水梨低产组叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)元素含量进行分析,结果表明,丰水梨和幸水梨的需肥顺序相同,都为K>N>P,但幸水梨叶片中N、P、K含量的养分比值较丰水梨均衡。黄金梨的需肥顺序为N>P>K。因此,在施肥管理中,丰水和幸水应增施钾肥,而黄金梨应增施氮、磷肥;
2、应用DRIS法对砂梨叶片进行营养诊断,结果表明,高产组平均值明显大于低产组,叶片中养分比值标准差及变异系数均小于低产组,说明高产组的养分比值较为均衡,且通过DRIS指数法和图示法诊断分析,其需肥顺序一致。因此,应用DRIS法诊断可以判断叶片主要矿质营养元素间丰、缺度,从而有效的指导施肥;
3、生长在高沙土的丰水梨叶片中N、K、Mn元素含量较高,而生长在黄棕壤的丰水梨叶片中Fe、Cu、Zn元素含量较高。通过相关性分析可知,两种土壤的丰水梨叶片中N与P都呈显著正相关;
4、丰水(/川梨)叶片中Zn含量低于丰水(/杜梨)和丰水(/豆梨),不同砧木丰水叶片中N与K都呈显著正相关,丰水(/川梨)和丰水(/杜梨)叶片中K与Zn呈显著正相关,而丰水(/豆梨)中K与Zn呈显著负相关;
5、黄金(/木梨)叶片中K含量低于黄金(/杜梨)和黄金(/豆梨)叶片,而Mg、Fe含量相对较高。黄金(/豆梨)叶片中Mn含量低于黄金(/木梨)和黄金(/杜梨)叶片。
6、整个采样期,丰水(/巴梨/杜梨)叶片中Ca含量一直高于丰水(/杜梨),而丰水(/杜梨)叶片中Mg、Zn含量一直高于丰水(/巴梨/杜梨);
7、丰水(/巴梨/杜梨)与丰水(/杜梨)叶片中的元素间相关性相似,即N、P、K元素之间呈正显著相关,但与Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu呈负显著相关;
In this paper effects of site conditions and rootstocks on the changes of mineral nutrition contents in leaves of Housui ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Housui )、Whangkeumbae(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Whangkeumbae) and Kousui (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Kousui) were researched through the methods of nutrient analysis of leaves and DRIS .The main results were as follows:
1.The contents of nitrogen (N) ,phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves of Housui, Whangkeumbae and Kousui in low-yield group in tall sandy soil were analyzed by DRIS, the results showed that Housui and Kousui had the same sequence about fertilizer requirement ,which were K>N>P, but the nutrient ratios of nitrogen、phosphorus、potassium in the Kousui leaves were more balanced than that of Housui leaves The sequence about fertilizer requirement in Whangkeumbae was N>P>K. Therefore, Housui and Kousui should increase potassium application while Whangkeumbae need more nitrogen and phosphorus.
2. By way of leaf nutrient diagnosis of Pyrus pyrifolia with DRIS, the result showed that average values of content of element in the leaves in high-yield group were obviously greater than that of low-yield group, but the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of nutrient ratios in high-yield group were less than that of low-yield group. It showed that the nutrient ratios of high-yield group were more balanced and the fertilizer sequences were matched through the DRIS index method and the diagnosis analysis. So DRIS diagnosis methods could judge the main mineral nutrient level status in leaves to guide fertilization.
3. The leaves of Housui grown in the tall sandy soil had high contents of nitrogen, potassium and manganese, while grown in the yellow brown soil had high contents of iron, copper, zinc. The nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of Housui in the two kinds of soil were positively correlated through the correlation analysis.
4. The content of zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus Pashia) was lower than that of Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Housui (/Pyrus calleryana Decne). The nitrogen was positively significant correlated with potassium in the leaves of Housui on different rootstocks. There was positively significant relationship between potassium and zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus Pashia) and Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge), but potassium was negatively related to zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus calleryana Decne).
5. The content of potassium in the leaves of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus xerophila Yu) was lower than that of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus calleryana Decne), while the contents of magnesium and iron were higher. The content of manganese in the leaves of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus calleryana Decne) was lower than that of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus xerophila Yu) and Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge).
6. During the whole sampling period,the content of calcium in the leaves of Housui (/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge)was lower than that of Housui(/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) ,while the contents of magnesium and zinc were higher than that of Housui(/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge).
7. The correlation between the content changes of element in the leaves of Housui (/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) was the same as Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge). There were positively significant relationship among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content changes in Housui(/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) leaves, but negatively significant relationship were found among the changes of calcium,magnesium,iron and copper contents.
1、通过DRIS法对高沙土丰水、黄金和幸水梨低产组叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)元素含量进行分析,结果表明,丰水梨和幸水梨的需肥顺序相同,都为K>N>P,但幸水梨叶片中N、P、K含量的养分比值较丰水梨均衡。黄金梨的需肥顺序为N>P>K。因此,在施肥管理中,丰水和幸水应增施钾肥,而黄金梨应增施氮、磷肥;
2、应用DRIS法对砂梨叶片进行营养诊断,结果表明,高产组平均值明显大于低产组,叶片中养分比值标准差及变异系数均小于低产组,说明高产组的养分比值较为均衡,且通过DRIS指数法和图示法诊断分析,其需肥顺序一致。因此,应用DRIS法诊断可以判断叶片主要矿质营养元素间丰、缺度,从而有效的指导施肥;
3、生长在高沙土的丰水梨叶片中N、K、Mn元素含量较高,而生长在黄棕壤的丰水梨叶片中Fe、Cu、Zn元素含量较高。通过相关性分析可知,两种土壤的丰水梨叶片中N与P都呈显著正相关;
4、丰水(/川梨)叶片中Zn含量低于丰水(/杜梨)和丰水(/豆梨),不同砧木丰水叶片中N与K都呈显著正相关,丰水(/川梨)和丰水(/杜梨)叶片中K与Zn呈显著正相关,而丰水(/豆梨)中K与Zn呈显著负相关;
5、黄金(/木梨)叶片中K含量低于黄金(/杜梨)和黄金(/豆梨)叶片,而Mg、Fe含量相对较高。黄金(/豆梨)叶片中Mn含量低于黄金(/木梨)和黄金(/杜梨)叶片。
6、整个采样期,丰水(/巴梨/杜梨)叶片中Ca含量一直高于丰水(/杜梨),而丰水(/杜梨)叶片中Mg、Zn含量一直高于丰水(/巴梨/杜梨);
7、丰水(/巴梨/杜梨)与丰水(/杜梨)叶片中的元素间相关性相似,即N、P、K元素之间呈正显著相关,但与Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu呈负显著相关;
In this paper effects of site conditions and rootstocks on the changes of mineral nutrition contents in leaves of Housui ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Housui )、Whangkeumbae(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Whangkeumbae) and Kousui (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.cv.Kousui) were researched through the methods of nutrient analysis of leaves and DRIS .The main results were as follows:
1.The contents of nitrogen (N) ,phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves of Housui, Whangkeumbae and Kousui in low-yield group in tall sandy soil were analyzed by DRIS, the results showed that Housui and Kousui had the same sequence about fertilizer requirement ,which were K>N>P, but the nutrient ratios of nitrogen、phosphorus、potassium in the Kousui leaves were more balanced than that of Housui leaves The sequence about fertilizer requirement in Whangkeumbae was N>P>K. Therefore, Housui and Kousui should increase potassium application while Whangkeumbae need more nitrogen and phosphorus.
2. By way of leaf nutrient diagnosis of Pyrus pyrifolia with DRIS, the result showed that average values of content of element in the leaves in high-yield group were obviously greater than that of low-yield group, but the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of nutrient ratios in high-yield group were less than that of low-yield group. It showed that the nutrient ratios of high-yield group were more balanced and the fertilizer sequences were matched through the DRIS index method and the diagnosis analysis. So DRIS diagnosis methods could judge the main mineral nutrient level status in leaves to guide fertilization.
3. The leaves of Housui grown in the tall sandy soil had high contents of nitrogen, potassium and manganese, while grown in the yellow brown soil had high contents of iron, copper, zinc. The nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of Housui in the two kinds of soil were positively correlated through the correlation analysis.
4. The content of zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus Pashia) was lower than that of Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Housui (/Pyrus calleryana Decne). The nitrogen was positively significant correlated with potassium in the leaves of Housui on different rootstocks. There was positively significant relationship between potassium and zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus Pashia) and Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge), but potassium was negatively related to zinc in the leaves of Housui (/Pyrus calleryana Decne).
5. The content of potassium in the leaves of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus xerophila Yu) was lower than that of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus calleryana Decne), while the contents of magnesium and iron were higher. The content of manganese in the leaves of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus calleryana Decne) was lower than that of Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus xerophila Yu) and Whangkeumbae (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge).
6. During the whole sampling period,the content of calcium in the leaves of Housui (/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge)was lower than that of Housui(/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) ,while the contents of magnesium and zinc were higher than that of Housui(/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge).
7. The correlation between the content changes of element in the leaves of Housui (/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) was the same as Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge). There were positively significant relationship among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content changes in Housui(/Bartlett/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) and Housui (/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge) leaves, but negatively significant relationship were found among the changes of calcium,magnesium,iron and copper contents.
引文
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