肌肉纤维类型组成对猪肉品质的影响及其机理研究
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摘要
通过改变肌肉纤维类型组成提高猪肉品质已经成为肉品科学和养猪生产领域的研究热点。本论文首先研究猪背最长肌肌球蛋白重链（MyHC）表达的生长发育规律，确定用于分析纤维类型组成的科学指标，进一步研究肌肉纤维类型组成的品种差异及其与肉质性状的相关性，并揭示其分子机理，最后在育肥后期进行营养调控研究，为肌肉纤维类型组成在提高猪肉品质中发挥作用提供科学依据。
猪背最长肌MyHC表达的生长发育规律：选取7、40、60、120和175日龄杜长大公猪各5头，测定背最长肌MyHC蛋白表达、MyHC mRNA转录以及氧化代谢酶活性。结果显示，猪出生后生长过程中MyHC mRNA比例与相应蛋白亚基比例呈显著正相关（P<0.05），MyHC I mRNA比例与琥珀酸脱氢酶及苹果酸脱氢酶活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。以MyHC I、IIa、IIx和IIb mRNA比例分别表示慢速氧化型、快速氧化型、中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例，分析表明：慢速氧化型纤维比例随日龄增加呈下降趋势，其它类型纤维比例呈升上升趋势；在7-60日龄，所有类型纤维比例变化明显；在120-175日龄，快速氧化型、中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例无显著变化（P<0.05），慢速氧化型纤维比例仍显著降低（P<0.05）。结果提示，MyHC mRNA组成比例可作为分析肌肉纤维类型组成的科学指标，纤维类型转化在生长早期最为明显，在育肥后期仍存在调控可能性。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成的品种差异及其与肉质性状的相关性：选择上市体重金华猪、浙江中白猪、杜浙猪和杜大长猪阉公猪各8头，分别含有100%、12.5%、6.25%和0%的金华猪血缘，以MyHC mRNA比例为指标分析背最长肌纤维类型组成，并测定肉质性状。结果显示，慢速氧化型、快速氧化型和中间型纤维比例均在金华猪表现最高（P<0.05），快速酵解型纤维比例在金华猪表现最低（P<0.05）；慢速氧化型纤维比例按照金华猪>浙江中白猪>杜浙猪>杜大长猪的顺序显著降低（P<0.05），快速氧化型纤维比例也表现相似趋势，但在浙江中白猪和杜浙猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例在浙江中白猪、杜浙猪和杜大长猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；氧化型纤维比例与肉色a*值、剪切力、肌内脂肪（IMF）含量及蛋白质溶解度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与ΔpH呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。结果证实了肌肉纤维类型组成的品种差异，解释了不同猪群的肉质特性，并提示在商品猪生产过程中引入一定比例优质地方血缘，有利于提高肌肉氧化型纤维比例，进而改善肉质性状。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成差异相关的能量代谢分析：以纤维类型组成明显差异的金华猪和杜大长猪背最长肌为研究对象，测定磷酸原转化指标（肌酸激酶活性与磷酸化合物含量）和糖酵解指标（糖代谢物含量和糖酵解潜力）。结果显示，高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉具有较高的肌酸激酶（CK）活性、Cr：（Cr+CP）和肌酸（Cr）含量（P<0.05），较低的磷酸肌酸（CP）、糖原、葡萄糖、葡萄糖-6-磷酸及乳酸含量与糖酵解潜力（P<0.05）；CK活性、Cr：（Cr+CP）与均pH显著负相关（P<0.05），与慢速氧化型、快速氧化型及中间型纤维比例呈显著正相关（P<0.01），与快速酵解型纤维比例呈显著负相关（P<0.01），葡萄糖-6-磷酸含量、糖酵解潜力均与pH、纤维类型组成的相关性表现刚好相反。结果提示：高比例氧化型纤维肌肉具有较高的磷酸原转化能力和较低的糖酵解能力，是肌肉纤维类型组成影响猪肉品质的能量代谢机理。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成差异相关的蛋白质组与基因表达谱分析：以纤维类型组成明显差异的金华猪和杜大长猪背最长肌为研究对象，利用2-DE-MS和表达谱芯片分别对肌浆蛋白和基因表达谱进行差异比较。结果显示，高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉表现较高含量的nesprin-2-like、热休克蛋白HSP90\70\60、转铁蛋白、Gc蛋白、线粒体ATP合成酶和环腺苷蛋白激酶（PKA）（P<0.05），较低含量的糖原磷酸化酶和葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（P<0.05）；高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉中上调倍数大于3的基因分布在免疫反应、信号转导、结构成分形成、代谢调节、抗氧化、离子转运、脂类代谢、核酸代谢及氧化磷酸化等相关生物学过程，信号转导基因主要参与Jak-STAT、cAMP、TGF-β、MAPK和Wnt通路。结果提示，高比例氧化型纤维肌肉表现较强的氧化代谢、细胞骨架与结缔组织形成、线粒体ATP生成、抗氧化应激等能力，较弱的糖酵解能力，是肌肉纤维类型组成影响猪肉品质的重要分子机理；其中Wnt信号通路在氧化型纤维分化中的作用值得关注与入研究。
育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成的营养调控研究：选取育肥后期（70kg体重）杜浙猪45头，平均分成3组，分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1.2%共轭亚油酸（CLA）和基础日粮+0.5%一水肌酸（CMH）。试验30天后测定生长性能、胴体性状、背最长肌纤维类型组成及肉质性状。结果显示，CLA和CMH表现促进肌肉生长、降低脂肪沉积、提高pH与肉色a*的趋势（P>0.05）；CLA还显著提高慢速氧化型纤维比例、剪切力和蛋白质溶解度，显著降低滴水损失和压榨损失（P<0.05）； CMH对pH的提高趋势比CLA明显，对其它肉质性状的改善程度低于CLA。在生产实际中印证了育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成的可调控性，并为CLA改善肉质性状提供新的机理解释。
本论文确定了MyHC表达用于分析猪肌肉纤维类型组成的科学指标—MyHCmRNA比例，提出育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成存在调控可能性，并在生产实际中得到印证。首次利用遗传基础梯度变化猪群，以MyHC mRNA比例为指标研究肌肉纤维类型组成与肉质性状的相关性，从能量代谢、肌浆蛋白质组与基因表达谱三个层次综合阐明分子机理。本文结论为优质猪肉生产、地方猪种资源利用、肉质性状营养调控提供了科学依据。
Improving pork quality through changing the muscle fibre types is a focus in the fields ofmeat science and pig production. Firstly the law of MyHC expression in porcine longissimudoris (LD) was studied during the different growth stages after birth. Then taking differentpercentage of native bloodline pigs as objects, the breed difference of muscle fibre types andits association with pork quality traits were analyzed, and the underlying molecularmechanisms were further studied. Lastly dietary modification on muscle fibre types and porkquality in late finishing pigs was conducted.
Study on postnatal growth law of MyHC expression in porcine LD. Five DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorshire) crossbred pigs were selected at the age of7,40,60,120and175days, respectively. MyHC isoforms, MyHC mRNA and activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured, and the associations among themwere analyzed. The results showed that MyHC mRNA was more likely to be changed thanMyHC isoform, and MyHC mRNA proportion was positively related to the correspondingisoform proportion (P<0.05), simultaneously MyHC I mRNA proportion was positivelyrelated to the activities of SDH and MDH (P<0.05). The analysis of muscle fibre typesaccording to MyHC mRNA composition showed that slow-oxidative fibre was obviouslydecreased with the days of age increasing during postnatal period (P<0.05), and other fibretypes was opposite. From7to60days of age, all fibre types exhibited obviously undulatechanges. From120to175days of age, fast-oxidative, fast-glycolytic and intermediate-typefibre exhibited no significant changes (P>0.05), while slow-oxidative fibre decreasedsignificantly (P<0.05). The above results indicated that MyHC mRNA proportion wassuitably used to analyze muscle fibre types; the conversion among different myofibre typesmainly occured at the early growth stage, and also could be changed during the late finishingperiod.
Study on genetic diversity of muscle fibre types and its association with porkquality traits. Jinhua pigs (JHP), Zhejiang Zhongbai pigs (ZBP), Duroc×ZB crossbred pigs(DZP) and Duroc×Yorshire×Landrace (DYL) pigs, which contains100%,12.5%,6.25%and0%of JHP bloodline repectively, were selected, eight pigs per genotype. Muscle fibre types(MyHC mRNA proportions) and pork quality traits in LD were measured. The results showedthat JHP had more slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fibre, lessfast-glycolytic firbe in than other genotypes (P<0.05); slow-oxidative fibre decreasedsignificantly in the order of JHP>ZBP>DZP>DYL (P<0.05), fast-oxidative fibre exhibitedthe similar tendency but no significant difference between ZBP and DZP (P>0.05);fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fibre exhibited no significant difference among ZBP,DZP and DYL (P>0.05); slow-and fast-oxidative type fibre were positively related to huantera*, intramuscularly fat (IMF) content and protein solubility, negatively to ΔpH (P<0.05).The above results confirmed the genotypic difference of muscle fibre types, explained pork quality charastics in LD of different genotypes, and indicated that it is beneficial for porkquality by increasing oxidative-type fibre to introduce a certain percentage of native pig breedinto commercial crossbred pigs.
Study on energy metabolism related to muscle fibre types. Glycometabolite,phosphate compounds and creatine kinase (CK) activity in LD from JHP (high slow-oxidativefibre proportion, HSO) and DYL (low slow-oxidative fibre proportion, LSO) were measured.The results showed that HSO muscle had the higher CK activity and Cr:(creatinephosphate(CP)+Cr), the more inosine monophosphate (IMP) and creatine (Cr), the lowerglycolysis potential (GP), and the less CP, glycogen, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate thanLSO muscle (P<0.05); CK activity and Cr:(CP+Cr) were positively related to pH and thepercentages of slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fribre, negatively to thepercentage of fast-glycolytic type (P<0.05), the relationships between glucose-6-phosphatecontent, GP and muscle fibre types, pH were opposite; The above results revealed theenergy metabolism mechanism of muscle fibre types influencing pork quality that HSOmuscle had a relatively strong phosphate conversion capacity and a relatively weak glycolyticcapacity.
Differential analyses of proteome and gene expression profiling related to musclefibre types. Differential analyses of sarcoplasmic proteome and gene expression profilingwere performed between HSO (JHP) and LSO (DYL) muscle. The results showed that HSOmuscle had the higher contents of nesprin-2-like protein, heat shock protein (HSP)60\70\90,transferring, Gc protein, ATP synthase in mitochondrion and cAMP protein kinase (PKA)(P<0.05), and the lower the contents of glycogen phosphorylase and glucose phosphomutasethan LSO muscle (P<0.05); the up-expressed genes with more than three folds in HSOmuscle were classified into ten categories including immunological reaction, signal transduction,formation of cystoskeleton and connective tissue, metabolic regulation, oxidation resistance,ionic transport, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, andthe genes in signal transduction were related to the signal pathways of Jak-STAT、cAMP、TGF-β、MAPK and Wnt. The above results revealed the molecular mechanism of muscle fibretypes influencing pork quality that HSO muscle had the relatively strong capacities ofoxidative metabolism, cystoskeleton and connective tissue synthesis, ATP synthesis inmitochondrion, oxidative stress resistance. And the role of Wnt pathway on the differentiationof oxidative-type fibre in porcine muscle was worthy to be concerned and further studied.
Nutritional regulation of muscle fibre types in the late finishing pigs.45DZcrossbred pigs (about70kg bodyweight) were divided into three groups (five replicates/group, three pigs/replicate), which were fed with control diet, control+1.2%CLA, control+0.5%CMH, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for30days, and growth performance,carcass traits, muscle fibre types (MyHC mRNA proportions) and pork quality traits in LDwere measured. The results showed that there was a tendency of promoting granulation,reducing fat deposition, raising pH and hunter a*in the groups of CLA and CMH (P>0.05); slow-oxidative fibre proportion, shear force and protein solubility were significantly increased,and drip loss and milling loss were significantly decreased in CLA group (P<0.05); except forpH, the changing degrees of other pork quality traits was lower in CMH than those in CLAgroup. The above results confirmed the former hypothesis that muscle fibre types could bechanged during the late finishing period, and supplied a new explaination for the mechanismof CLA improving pork quality.
This study determined MyHC mRNA proportion as the scientific index for analyzingmuscle fibre types in pigs, and suggested that the porcine muscle fibre types could be changedduring the late finishing period, which was confirmed through feeding experiment. Therelationship between muscle fibre types and pork quality was firstly studied according toMyHC mRNA proportions through the pig populations with different percentage of native pigbreed, and the underlying mechanism was investigated through energy metabolism,sarcoplasmic proteome and gene expression profiling. The conclusion would provide theevidences for high quality pork production, utilization of native pig breed and nutritionalregulation of pork quality.
猪背最长肌MyHC表达的生长发育规律：选取7、40、60、120和175日龄杜长大公猪各5头，测定背最长肌MyHC蛋白表达、MyHC mRNA转录以及氧化代谢酶活性。结果显示，猪出生后生长过程中MyHC mRNA比例与相应蛋白亚基比例呈显著正相关（P<0.05），MyHC I mRNA比例与琥珀酸脱氢酶及苹果酸脱氢酶活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。以MyHC I、IIa、IIx和IIb mRNA比例分别表示慢速氧化型、快速氧化型、中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例，分析表明：慢速氧化型纤维比例随日龄增加呈下降趋势，其它类型纤维比例呈升上升趋势；在7-60日龄，所有类型纤维比例变化明显；在120-175日龄，快速氧化型、中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例无显著变化（P<0.05），慢速氧化型纤维比例仍显著降低（P<0.05）。结果提示，MyHC mRNA组成比例可作为分析肌肉纤维类型组成的科学指标，纤维类型转化在生长早期最为明显，在育肥后期仍存在调控可能性。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成的品种差异及其与肉质性状的相关性：选择上市体重金华猪、浙江中白猪、杜浙猪和杜大长猪阉公猪各8头，分别含有100%、12.5%、6.25%和0%的金华猪血缘，以MyHC mRNA比例为指标分析背最长肌纤维类型组成，并测定肉质性状。结果显示，慢速氧化型、快速氧化型和中间型纤维比例均在金华猪表现最高（P<0.05），快速酵解型纤维比例在金华猪表现最低（P<0.05）；慢速氧化型纤维比例按照金华猪>浙江中白猪>杜浙猪>杜大长猪的顺序显著降低（P<0.05），快速氧化型纤维比例也表现相似趋势，但在浙江中白猪和杜浙猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；中间型和快速酵解型纤维比例在浙江中白猪、杜浙猪和杜大长猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；氧化型纤维比例与肉色a*值、剪切力、肌内脂肪（IMF）含量及蛋白质溶解度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与ΔpH呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。结果证实了肌肉纤维类型组成的品种差异，解释了不同猪群的肉质特性，并提示在商品猪生产过程中引入一定比例优质地方血缘，有利于提高肌肉氧化型纤维比例，进而改善肉质性状。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成差异相关的能量代谢分析：以纤维类型组成明显差异的金华猪和杜大长猪背最长肌为研究对象，测定磷酸原转化指标（肌酸激酶活性与磷酸化合物含量）和糖酵解指标（糖代谢物含量和糖酵解潜力）。结果显示，高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉具有较高的肌酸激酶（CK）活性、Cr：（Cr+CP）和肌酸（Cr）含量（P<0.05），较低的磷酸肌酸（CP）、糖原、葡萄糖、葡萄糖-6-磷酸及乳酸含量与糖酵解潜力（P<0.05）；CK活性、Cr：（Cr+CP）与均pH显著负相关（P<0.05），与慢速氧化型、快速氧化型及中间型纤维比例呈显著正相关（P<0.01），与快速酵解型纤维比例呈显著负相关（P<0.01），葡萄糖-6-磷酸含量、糖酵解潜力均与pH、纤维类型组成的相关性表现刚好相反。结果提示：高比例氧化型纤维肌肉具有较高的磷酸原转化能力和较低的糖酵解能力，是肌肉纤维类型组成影响猪肉品质的能量代谢机理。
猪肌肉纤维类型组成差异相关的蛋白质组与基因表达谱分析：以纤维类型组成明显差异的金华猪和杜大长猪背最长肌为研究对象，利用2-DE-MS和表达谱芯片分别对肌浆蛋白和基因表达谱进行差异比较。结果显示，高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉表现较高含量的nesprin-2-like、热休克蛋白HSP90\70\60、转铁蛋白、Gc蛋白、线粒体ATP合成酶和环腺苷蛋白激酶（PKA）（P<0.05），较低含量的糖原磷酸化酶和葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（P<0.05）；高比例氧化型纤维（金华猪）肌肉中上调倍数大于3的基因分布在免疫反应、信号转导、结构成分形成、代谢调节、抗氧化、离子转运、脂类代谢、核酸代谢及氧化磷酸化等相关生物学过程，信号转导基因主要参与Jak-STAT、cAMP、TGF-β、MAPK和Wnt通路。结果提示，高比例氧化型纤维肌肉表现较强的氧化代谢、细胞骨架与结缔组织形成、线粒体ATP生成、抗氧化应激等能力，较弱的糖酵解能力，是肌肉纤维类型组成影响猪肉品质的重要分子机理；其中Wnt信号通路在氧化型纤维分化中的作用值得关注与入研究。
育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成的营养调控研究：选取育肥后期（70kg体重）杜浙猪45头，平均分成3组，分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1.2%共轭亚油酸（CLA）和基础日粮+0.5%一水肌酸（CMH）。试验30天后测定生长性能、胴体性状、背最长肌纤维类型组成及肉质性状。结果显示，CLA和CMH表现促进肌肉生长、降低脂肪沉积、提高pH与肉色a*的趋势（P>0.05）；CLA还显著提高慢速氧化型纤维比例、剪切力和蛋白质溶解度，显著降低滴水损失和压榨损失（P<0.05）； CMH对pH的提高趋势比CLA明显，对其它肉质性状的改善程度低于CLA。在生产实际中印证了育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成的可调控性，并为CLA改善肉质性状提供新的机理解释。
本论文确定了MyHC表达用于分析猪肌肉纤维类型组成的科学指标—MyHCmRNA比例，提出育肥后期猪肌肉纤维类型组成存在调控可能性，并在生产实际中得到印证。首次利用遗传基础梯度变化猪群，以MyHC mRNA比例为指标研究肌肉纤维类型组成与肉质性状的相关性，从能量代谢、肌浆蛋白质组与基因表达谱三个层次综合阐明分子机理。本文结论为优质猪肉生产、地方猪种资源利用、肉质性状营养调控提供了科学依据。
Improving pork quality through changing the muscle fibre types is a focus in the fields ofmeat science and pig production. Firstly the law of MyHC expression in porcine longissimudoris (LD) was studied during the different growth stages after birth. Then taking differentpercentage of native bloodline pigs as objects, the breed difference of muscle fibre types andits association with pork quality traits were analyzed, and the underlying molecularmechanisms were further studied. Lastly dietary modification on muscle fibre types and porkquality in late finishing pigs was conducted.
Study on postnatal growth law of MyHC expression in porcine LD. Five DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorshire) crossbred pigs were selected at the age of7,40,60,120and175days, respectively. MyHC isoforms, MyHC mRNA and activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured, and the associations among themwere analyzed. The results showed that MyHC mRNA was more likely to be changed thanMyHC isoform, and MyHC mRNA proportion was positively related to the correspondingisoform proportion (P<0.05), simultaneously MyHC I mRNA proportion was positivelyrelated to the activities of SDH and MDH (P<0.05). The analysis of muscle fibre typesaccording to MyHC mRNA composition showed that slow-oxidative fibre was obviouslydecreased with the days of age increasing during postnatal period (P<0.05), and other fibretypes was opposite. From7to60days of age, all fibre types exhibited obviously undulatechanges. From120to175days of age, fast-oxidative, fast-glycolytic and intermediate-typefibre exhibited no significant changes (P>0.05), while slow-oxidative fibre decreasedsignificantly (P<0.05). The above results indicated that MyHC mRNA proportion wassuitably used to analyze muscle fibre types; the conversion among different myofibre typesmainly occured at the early growth stage, and also could be changed during the late finishingperiod.
Study on genetic diversity of muscle fibre types and its association with porkquality traits. Jinhua pigs (JHP), Zhejiang Zhongbai pigs (ZBP), Duroc×ZB crossbred pigs(DZP) and Duroc×Yorshire×Landrace (DYL) pigs, which contains100%,12.5%,6.25%and0%of JHP bloodline repectively, were selected, eight pigs per genotype. Muscle fibre types(MyHC mRNA proportions) and pork quality traits in LD were measured. The results showedthat JHP had more slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fibre, lessfast-glycolytic firbe in than other genotypes (P<0.05); slow-oxidative fibre decreasedsignificantly in the order of JHP>ZBP>DZP>DYL (P<0.05), fast-oxidative fibre exhibitedthe similar tendency but no significant difference between ZBP and DZP (P>0.05);fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fibre exhibited no significant difference among ZBP,DZP and DYL (P>0.05); slow-and fast-oxidative type fibre were positively related to huantera*, intramuscularly fat (IMF) content and protein solubility, negatively to ΔpH (P<0.05).The above results confirmed the genotypic difference of muscle fibre types, explained pork quality charastics in LD of different genotypes, and indicated that it is beneficial for porkquality by increasing oxidative-type fibre to introduce a certain percentage of native pig breedinto commercial crossbred pigs.
Study on energy metabolism related to muscle fibre types. Glycometabolite,phosphate compounds and creatine kinase (CK) activity in LD from JHP (high slow-oxidativefibre proportion, HSO) and DYL (low slow-oxidative fibre proportion, LSO) were measured.The results showed that HSO muscle had the higher CK activity and Cr:(creatinephosphate(CP)+Cr), the more inosine monophosphate (IMP) and creatine (Cr), the lowerglycolysis potential (GP), and the less CP, glycogen, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate thanLSO muscle (P<0.05); CK activity and Cr:(CP+Cr) were positively related to pH and thepercentages of slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative and intermediate-type fribre, negatively to thepercentage of fast-glycolytic type (P<0.05), the relationships between glucose-6-phosphatecontent, GP and muscle fibre types, pH were opposite; The above results revealed theenergy metabolism mechanism of muscle fibre types influencing pork quality that HSOmuscle had a relatively strong phosphate conversion capacity and a relatively weak glycolyticcapacity.
Differential analyses of proteome and gene expression profiling related to musclefibre types. Differential analyses of sarcoplasmic proteome and gene expression profilingwere performed between HSO (JHP) and LSO (DYL) muscle. The results showed that HSOmuscle had the higher contents of nesprin-2-like protein, heat shock protein (HSP)60\70\90,transferring, Gc protein, ATP synthase in mitochondrion and cAMP protein kinase (PKA)(P<0.05), and the lower the contents of glycogen phosphorylase and glucose phosphomutasethan LSO muscle (P<0.05); the up-expressed genes with more than three folds in HSOmuscle were classified into ten categories including immunological reaction, signal transduction,formation of cystoskeleton and connective tissue, metabolic regulation, oxidation resistance,ionic transport, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, andthe genes in signal transduction were related to the signal pathways of Jak-STAT、cAMP、TGF-β、MAPK and Wnt. The above results revealed the molecular mechanism of muscle fibretypes influencing pork quality that HSO muscle had the relatively strong capacities ofoxidative metabolism, cystoskeleton and connective tissue synthesis, ATP synthesis inmitochondrion, oxidative stress resistance. And the role of Wnt pathway on the differentiationof oxidative-type fibre in porcine muscle was worthy to be concerned and further studied.
Nutritional regulation of muscle fibre types in the late finishing pigs.45DZcrossbred pigs (about70kg bodyweight) were divided into three groups (five replicates/group, three pigs/replicate), which were fed with control diet, control+1.2%CLA, control+0.5%CMH, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for30days, and growth performance,carcass traits, muscle fibre types (MyHC mRNA proportions) and pork quality traits in LDwere measured. The results showed that there was a tendency of promoting granulation,reducing fat deposition, raising pH and hunter a*in the groups of CLA and CMH (P>0.05); slow-oxidative fibre proportion, shear force and protein solubility were significantly increased,and drip loss and milling loss were significantly decreased in CLA group (P<0.05); except forpH, the changing degrees of other pork quality traits was lower in CMH than those in CLAgroup. The above results confirmed the former hypothesis that muscle fibre types could bechanged during the late finishing period, and supplied a new explaination for the mechanismof CLA improving pork quality.
This study determined MyHC mRNA proportion as the scientific index for analyzingmuscle fibre types in pigs, and suggested that the porcine muscle fibre types could be changedduring the late finishing period, which was confirmed through feeding experiment. Therelationship between muscle fibre types and pork quality was firstly studied according toMyHC mRNA proportions through the pig populations with different percentage of native pigbreed, and the underlying mechanism was investigated through energy metabolism,sarcoplasmic proteome and gene expression profiling. The conclusion would provide theevidences for high quality pork production, utilization of native pig breed and nutritionalregulation of pork quality.
引文
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