复合材料力学性能实验及云纹干涉法现场测试技术研究
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摘要
复合材料是近二十年发展起来的一种重要的新型结构用材料。由于复合材料的种类、形式繁多,性质复杂,因此,对复合材料力学规律的研究十分艰巨而重要。云纹干涉法以其全场、实时、高灵敏度等特点,正在成为研究复合材料的重要实验手段。
本文从对云纹干涉法理论分析入手,针对各种因素可能导致面内位移测量误差这一实际问题,设计了光栅补偿装置及光路布置系统,达到了精确,定量补偿面内位移和应变的目的,并以光的干涉理论观点给予了严格证明。
目前,云纹干涉法基本上被限制于实验室应用之中,对于大量的工程实际问题尚不能发挥出它的潜在优势。本文研究了云纹干涉法现场复制变形光栅的工艺,并具体分析了工艺实现过程中可能遇到的各种问题的解决途径。以光矢量分析和光的干涉原理为依据,研究了变形信息的多种准确提取方法,实现了现场复制技术与实验室测量的有机结合,使得云纹干涉法的潜能在工程实际中充分地发挥出来。
作为现场复制变形光栅技术的一个重要应用,本文研究了混杂材料ARALL和GLALL层板的表面铝合金层Ⅰ型裂纹的疲劳扩展,得到了用于评定裂纹扩展准则的COD和J积分以及它们之间的对应关系。从对裂纹尖端场的应变分析和能量分析的原则出发,阐述了裂纹稳定扩展的机理。
作为复制变形光栅技术的另一成功应用,研究了复合材料的固化残余层间剪切应力及其与外部载荷而引起的应力的叠加效应,并与云纹干涉法实时观测的方法进行了对照。
本文运用云纹干涉法的全场、高灵敏度的特点,研究了Kevlar49/环氧复合材料的压缩破坏的全过程,分析了几种破坏形式的产生机理。
本文结合实验中所遇到的复合材料的具体问题,运用云纹干涉法与有限元相结合的混合方法,研究了混合位移边界和局部全位移边界两类问题,通过与单一实验方法和有限元方法的对照,分析了误差的大小及产生原因,并得到了实验方法所无法得到的结论。
基于混合法的有效性,本文讨论了混合法求解结构刚度系数和应力状态这一有限元方法的反问题,对于几类典型问题,给出了具体的求解方案。
以上工作所得到的结论无论是对云纹干涉法实验技术的发展还是对复合材料力学规律的认识都将具有重要的意义。
The composite materials have been becoming more and more important new materials for engineering structures in recent twenty years, but it is difficult to study the mechanical properties of the composite materials due to their varieties and complexity. Because of the distinguishing qualities of the moire interferometry method such as whole field measurement, real time observation, and high sensitivity, this method is becoming an important technique in studying composite materials.By considering the fact that many factors may lead to errors in the actual problem of measuring the in-plane displacement and strain, a grating compensation device and an lighting system are designed based on the theory of interferometry. The measured in-plane displacement and strain can be compensated accurately and quantitatively by using this device and system. A strict demonstration is also given by using the theory of light interference.At present, moire interferometry method is still limited in the laboratory and is incapable of solving many engineering problems. In this thesis, the technique of replicating deformed grating from the surface of the test body at worksite is investigated, and methods for solving all kinds of problems e-merged in the technical processes are analysed. On the basis of light-vector analysis method and the theory of light interference, several methods for extracting strain and displacement information are studied. The potential virtues of the moire interferometry method can be available by the technique of replicating at worksite and measuring in laboratory.As an important application of the technique of replicating deformed grating at worksite, the problems of the mode I crack growth in hybrid materials ARALL and GLALL under fatigue loading are studied. The crack tip strain field, crack opening displacement — COD and J-intergral are obtained. It is
proved that COD and J-integral methods could be used as the criterion of the crack growth. The relationship between COD and J-integral is also obtained. The mechanism of the steadily growing crack of hybrid materials is analysed according to the principles of energy balance.As another successful application of replicating deformed grating, the joint effects of the interlamina shearing stresses caused by the solidification of materials and loads are studied. A comparison is also given between this method and the real time moire interferometry method.By using moire interferometry method, the whole processes of compres-sive damage of Kevlar 49/Epoxy composite materials are studied. Several types of damage are investigated. The mechanism of compressive damage is discovered.By using the hybrid method that combines moire interferometry method with the finite element method, two types of problems are studied. One is the hybrid displacement boundary value problem , the other is local full-displacement boundary value problem. By comparing with the experimental method and the finite element method respectively, the amount of the errors and the reason of the errors are analysed. In some cases, the problems , which can t be solved by using experimental method only, can be resolved by this hybrid method. Therefore, the hybrid method is useful in experiment stress analysis.On the basis of the validity of the hybrid method , the inverse problems of the finite element method are discussed. The structure stiff coefficients and stress situations could be solved by using this method. The analyses of several typical problems are presented.
本文从对云纹干涉法理论分析入手,针对各种因素可能导致面内位移测量误差这一实际问题,设计了光栅补偿装置及光路布置系统,达到了精确,定量补偿面内位移和应变的目的,并以光的干涉理论观点给予了严格证明。
目前,云纹干涉法基本上被限制于实验室应用之中,对于大量的工程实际问题尚不能发挥出它的潜在优势。本文研究了云纹干涉法现场复制变形光栅的工艺,并具体分析了工艺实现过程中可能遇到的各种问题的解决途径。以光矢量分析和光的干涉原理为依据,研究了变形信息的多种准确提取方法,实现了现场复制技术与实验室测量的有机结合,使得云纹干涉法的潜能在工程实际中充分地发挥出来。
作为现场复制变形光栅技术的一个重要应用,本文研究了混杂材料ARALL和GLALL层板的表面铝合金层Ⅰ型裂纹的疲劳扩展,得到了用于评定裂纹扩展准则的COD和J积分以及它们之间的对应关系。从对裂纹尖端场的应变分析和能量分析的原则出发,阐述了裂纹稳定扩展的机理。
作为复制变形光栅技术的另一成功应用,研究了复合材料的固化残余层间剪切应力及其与外部载荷而引起的应力的叠加效应,并与云纹干涉法实时观测的方法进行了对照。
本文运用云纹干涉法的全场、高灵敏度的特点,研究了Kevlar49/环氧复合材料的压缩破坏的全过程,分析了几种破坏形式的产生机理。
本文结合实验中所遇到的复合材料的具体问题,运用云纹干涉法与有限元相结合的混合方法,研究了混合位移边界和局部全位移边界两类问题,通过与单一实验方法和有限元方法的对照,分析了误差的大小及产生原因,并得到了实验方法所无法得到的结论。
基于混合法的有效性,本文讨论了混合法求解结构刚度系数和应力状态这一有限元方法的反问题,对于几类典型问题,给出了具体的求解方案。
以上工作所得到的结论无论是对云纹干涉法实验技术的发展还是对复合材料力学规律的认识都将具有重要的意义。
The composite materials have been becoming more and more important new materials for engineering structures in recent twenty years, but it is difficult to study the mechanical properties of the composite materials due to their varieties and complexity. Because of the distinguishing qualities of the moire interferometry method such as whole field measurement, real time observation, and high sensitivity, this method is becoming an important technique in studying composite materials.By considering the fact that many factors may lead to errors in the actual problem of measuring the in-plane displacement and strain, a grating compensation device and an lighting system are designed based on the theory of interferometry. The measured in-plane displacement and strain can be compensated accurately and quantitatively by using this device and system. A strict demonstration is also given by using the theory of light interference.At present, moire interferometry method is still limited in the laboratory and is incapable of solving many engineering problems. In this thesis, the technique of replicating deformed grating from the surface of the test body at worksite is investigated, and methods for solving all kinds of problems e-merged in the technical processes are analysed. On the basis of light-vector analysis method and the theory of light interference, several methods for extracting strain and displacement information are studied. The potential virtues of the moire interferometry method can be available by the technique of replicating at worksite and measuring in laboratory.As an important application of the technique of replicating deformed grating at worksite, the problems of the mode I crack growth in hybrid materials ARALL and GLALL under fatigue loading are studied. The crack tip strain field, crack opening displacement — COD and J-intergral are obtained. It is
proved that COD and J-integral methods could be used as the criterion of the crack growth. The relationship between COD and J-integral is also obtained. The mechanism of the steadily growing crack of hybrid materials is analysed according to the principles of energy balance.As another successful application of replicating deformed grating, the joint effects of the interlamina shearing stresses caused by the solidification of materials and loads are studied. A comparison is also given between this method and the real time moire interferometry method.By using moire interferometry method, the whole processes of compres-sive damage of Kevlar 49/Epoxy composite materials are studied. Several types of damage are investigated. The mechanism of compressive damage is discovered.By using the hybrid method that combines moire interferometry method with the finite element method, two types of problems are studied. One is the hybrid displacement boundary value problem , the other is local full-displacement boundary value problem. By comparing with the experimental method and the finite element method respectively, the amount of the errors and the reason of the errors are analysed. In some cases, the problems , which can t be solved by using experimental method only, can be resolved by this hybrid method. Therefore, the hybrid method is useful in experiment stress analysis.On the basis of the validity of the hybrid method , the inverse problems of the finite element method are discussed. The structure stiff coefficients and stress situations could be solved by using this method. The analyses of several typical problems are presented.
引文
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