数字电视条件接收系统的研究
摘要
数字视频广播(DVB)系统不但能够提供数字化广播节目，而且能够提供大量的增值服务，给传统的广播行业带来了新的发展机会。条件接收系统(CAS)是DVB系统实现增值的核心，能够提供有效的系统管理和用户控制。它集多种先进技术于一身，诸如：系统调度管理、网络技术、数字压缩编码、加解扰算法、加解密算法、复用器技术、调制解调技术、机顶盒技术、智能卡技术等，同时也涉及到用户管理、节目管理、收费管理等数据库应用技术。
CAS在国外起步较早，现在已有多家知名CAS提供商，在全世界范围内运营，提供比较完善的服务。随着数字化时代的到来，目前我国也出现了多家CAS提供商，个别CAS在国内某些有线电视台也己经开始运营，但国内CAS还需要经过很长一段时间的检验才能够逐渐发展完备和成熟。
本文在对CAS的各个方面做简明和深入综述的基础上，主要完成了以下三部分工作。
第一部分介绍了数字电视条件接收相关的部分关键技术，包括MPEG—2、DVB的相关标准规范、加解密技术、DVB同密和多密技术。
第二部分进行CA系统架构的设计和实现。本论文采用DVB同密方案和三层加密的密钥体系结构，基于Microsoft．NET平台实现了CAS的基本功能。具体来讲，包括密钥体系结构的设计，ECM和EMM信息结构的设计，CA系统具体结构及其接口的设计等。根据设计方案，用C#编程语言实现了一个基本的CAS软件。
第三部分进行系统的测试。组建了一个基本的测试系统，并对测试结果进行了简要的分析。经过测试证实，本论文中设计的系统具备了CAS的基本功能，并且其接口符合DVB标准的有关规定。在最后，本论文提出了系统以后升级和完善的方向。
Digital video broadcasting system(DVB), which can provide not only many digital programs, but also variety of services, brings valuable opportunities to the traditional broadcast industry. Conditional access system (CAS) is the key to realize the increment of the DVB system and provides effective system management and subscriber control. It covers many advanced techniques such as system-scheduling management, network, digital coding and decoding, scrambling and descrambling, encrypting and decrypting, multiplexing, modulating and demodulating, set-top box, smart card and some practical database techniques, for example program management, subscriber management and charging management.
CAS appeared firstly in western countries, and at present, there are many mature CAS providers who provide complete solutions with various services throughout the world. Facing the impending of the digitalized era, some CAS providers have appeared in China and put some of their products into practical implementation, all of which are immature and should be checked by time.
This paper is based on the concise and deep-going survey of CAS and finished the following three parts.
In the first part, this dissertation introduces some digital TV CAS key technologies, such as criteria on MPEG-2 and DVB, encryption and de-encryption, simulcrypt and multicrypt etc.
In the second part, this dissertation carries on the design of CA system architecture and realize. This dissertation is adopted with the DVB simulcrypt technology and three layers of key systems . The basic function of CAS is realized based on Microsoft .NET Framework. Particularly, this dissertation has designed several following parts: the structure of ECM and EMM,the architecture of key systems,the concrete structrure of CAS and the interface each other,etc. According to the design, the software with basic function of CAS is realized with C# language .
In the third part, this dissertation carries on the test of CAS. A basic system will
CAS在国外起步较早，现在已有多家知名CAS提供商，在全世界范围内运营，提供比较完善的服务。随着数字化时代的到来，目前我国也出现了多家CAS提供商，个别CAS在国内某些有线电视台也己经开始运营，但国内CAS还需要经过很长一段时间的检验才能够逐渐发展完备和成熟。
本文在对CAS的各个方面做简明和深入综述的基础上，主要完成了以下三部分工作。
第一部分介绍了数字电视条件接收相关的部分关键技术，包括MPEG—2、DVB的相关标准规范、加解密技术、DVB同密和多密技术。
第二部分进行CA系统架构的设计和实现。本论文采用DVB同密方案和三层加密的密钥体系结构，基于Microsoft．NET平台实现了CAS的基本功能。具体来讲，包括密钥体系结构的设计，ECM和EMM信息结构的设计，CA系统具体结构及其接口的设计等。根据设计方案，用C#编程语言实现了一个基本的CAS软件。
第三部分进行系统的测试。组建了一个基本的测试系统，并对测试结果进行了简要的分析。经过测试证实，本论文中设计的系统具备了CAS的基本功能，并且其接口符合DVB标准的有关规定。在最后，本论文提出了系统以后升级和完善的方向。
Digital video broadcasting system(DVB), which can provide not only many digital programs, but also variety of services, brings valuable opportunities to the traditional broadcast industry. Conditional access system (CAS) is the key to realize the increment of the DVB system and provides effective system management and subscriber control. It covers many advanced techniques such as system-scheduling management, network, digital coding and decoding, scrambling and descrambling, encrypting and decrypting, multiplexing, modulating and demodulating, set-top box, smart card and some practical database techniques, for example program management, subscriber management and charging management.
CAS appeared firstly in western countries, and at present, there are many mature CAS providers who provide complete solutions with various services throughout the world. Facing the impending of the digitalized era, some CAS providers have appeared in China and put some of their products into practical implementation, all of which are immature and should be checked by time.
This paper is based on the concise and deep-going survey of CAS and finished the following three parts.
In the first part, this dissertation introduces some digital TV CAS key technologies, such as criteria on MPEG-2 and DVB, encryption and de-encryption, simulcrypt and multicrypt etc.
In the second part, this dissertation carries on the design of CA system architecture and realize. This dissertation is adopted with the DVB simulcrypt technology and three layers of key systems . The basic function of CAS is realized based on Microsoft .NET Framework. Particularly, this dissertation has designed several following parts: the structure of ECM and EMM,the architecture of key systems,the concrete structrure of CAS and the interface each other,etc. According to the design, the software with basic function of CAS is realized with C# language .
In the third part, this dissertation carries on the test of CAS. A basic system will
引文
[1] 曹志刚，钱亚生编著．现代通信原理．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[2] MPEG-2. Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio: system. ISO/IEC,1994
[3] 钟玉琢，王琪，赵黎．MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．3．
[4] 苏凯雄．数字卫星电视接收技术．人民邮电出版社，2002
[5] 王明臣，姜秀华，张永辉．数字电视与高清晰度电视[M]．北京：中国广播电视出版社，2003．
[6] 黎洪松．数字视频技术及其应用．清华大学出版社，1997
[7] 吕莎，薛凌飞．机顶盒上基于中间件的应用程序开发．电视技术，2001(12)
[8] 陈珊．数字电视接收机的软件系统．电视技术，2000(9)
[9] CATV／SMATV前端和同类专业设备的接口(pr EN 50083-9)，DVB
[10] 马正先．DVB条件接收及其应用．中国有线电视，2004(3)
[11] Bruce Schneier著 吴世忠 祝世雄 张文政 译．应用密码学协议、算法与C源程序[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．1．185-360．
[12] ISO / IEC 7816-3, Information technology Identification cards Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts - Part 3: Electronic signals and transmission protocols, 1997
[13] A Guideline for the Use of DVB Specifications and Standards, DVB, 2000
[14] 邓永红．有线电视网络有条件接收技术综述，赛迪网，2003
[15] 刘修文．数字电视有线传输技术．电子工业出版社，2002
[16] 郑志航．数字电视原理与应用．中国广播电视出版社，2001
[17] 中国人民共和国国家标准GB／T 1795—2000信息技术 运动图象及其伴音信息的通用编码 第1部分：系统[S]．
[18] 久保田启一(日)．图说数字广播技术．科学出版社，2003
[19] 朱倩．DVB条件接收系统结构研究，中国有线电视，2005(2)
[20] DVB中国网 www.dvbcn.com
[21] 陈珊．数字电视接收机的软件系统．电视技术，2000(9)
[22] Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems, ETSI EN 300 468 V1.5.1 DVB, 2003
[23] SNMP MIB for test and measurement applications in DVB systems, ETSI TS 102 032 V1.1.1, DVB, 2002
[24] GY／Z 175-2001，数字电视广播条件接收系统规范，国家广播电影电视总局
[25] Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems, ETR289, DVB, 1996
[26] Measurement guidelines for DVB systems, ETR 290, DVB, 1997
[27] Implementation Guidelines of the DVB Simulcrypt Standard, ETSI TR 102 035 V1.1.1, DVB, 2002
[28] DVB SimulCrypt: Head-end architecture and synchronization, ETSITS 101 197 V1.2.1, DVB, 2002
[29] Head-end implementation of DVB SimulCrypt, ETSI TS 103 197 V1.3.1, DVB, 2003
[30] 有线数字电视暂行技术要求文件汇编(续)，国家广播电影电视总局科技司，2003
[31] 数字电视广播业务信息规范(GY／Z 174-2001)，国家广播电影电视总局
[32] Common Interface Specification for Conditional Access and other Digital Video Broadcasting Decoder Applications, EN 50221, DVB, 1997
[33] 吕品．CA的选择，世界宽带网络，2003
[34] 吕品．CA的同密与多密，世界宽带网络，2003
[35] 吕品．从“机卡分离”到“软硬分离”，世界宽带网络，2003
[36] 何锦．条件接收系统及同密处理技术，世界宽带网络，2004
[37] 浅谈数字电视条件接收系统，数字通信世界(www.digitcw.com)，2005
[38] 周师亮．加解扰条件接收(CA)技术专家讲座1-18讲，中国有线电视加解扰信息网
[39] 陈文全．数字电视条件接收系统的安全性研究，电视技术，2004(1)
[40] 陈晓春．条件接收系统的密钥传输机制分析，电视技术，2004(7)
[41] 朱文涛．安全组播中密钥分配问题的研究，软件学报，2003(14)
[42] 算通科技．S100加扰机用户使用手册V1.0，北京算通科技发展有限公司
[2] MPEG-2. Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio: system. ISO/IEC,1994
[3] 钟玉琢，王琪，赵黎．MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．3．
[4] 苏凯雄．数字卫星电视接收技术．人民邮电出版社，2002
[5] 王明臣，姜秀华，张永辉．数字电视与高清晰度电视[M]．北京：中国广播电视出版社，2003．
[6] 黎洪松．数字视频技术及其应用．清华大学出版社，1997
[7] 吕莎，薛凌飞．机顶盒上基于中间件的应用程序开发．电视技术，2001(12)
[8] 陈珊．数字电视接收机的软件系统．电视技术，2000(9)
[9] CATV／SMATV前端和同类专业设备的接口(pr EN 50083-9)，DVB
[10] 马正先．DVB条件接收及其应用．中国有线电视，2004(3)
[11] Bruce Schneier著 吴世忠 祝世雄 张文政 译．应用密码学协议、算法与C源程序[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．1．185-360．
[12] ISO / IEC 7816-3, Information technology Identification cards Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts - Part 3: Electronic signals and transmission protocols, 1997
[13] A Guideline for the Use of DVB Specifications and Standards, DVB, 2000
[14] 邓永红．有线电视网络有条件接收技术综述，赛迪网，2003
[15] 刘修文．数字电视有线传输技术．电子工业出版社，2002
[16] 郑志航．数字电视原理与应用．中国广播电视出版社，2001
[17] 中国人民共和国国家标准GB／T 1795—2000信息技术 运动图象及其伴音信息的通用编码 第1部分：系统[S]．
[18] 久保田启一(日)．图说数字广播技术．科学出版社，2003
[19] 朱倩．DVB条件接收系统结构研究，中国有线电视，2005(2)
[20] DVB中国网 www.dvbcn.com
[21] 陈珊．数字电视接收机的软件系统．电视技术，2000(9)
[22] Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems, ETSI EN 300 468 V1.5.1 DVB, 2003
[23] SNMP MIB for test and measurement applications in DVB systems, ETSI TS 102 032 V1.1.1, DVB, 2002
[24] GY／Z 175-2001，数字电视广播条件接收系统规范，国家广播电影电视总局
[25] Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems, ETR289, DVB, 1996
[26] Measurement guidelines for DVB systems, ETR 290, DVB, 1997
[27] Implementation Guidelines of the DVB Simulcrypt Standard, ETSI TR 102 035 V1.1.1, DVB, 2002
[28] DVB SimulCrypt: Head-end architecture and synchronization, ETSITS 101 197 V1.2.1, DVB, 2002
[29] Head-end implementation of DVB SimulCrypt, ETSI TS 103 197 V1.3.1, DVB, 2003
[30] 有线数字电视暂行技术要求文件汇编(续)，国家广播电影电视总局科技司，2003
[31] 数字电视广播业务信息规范(GY／Z 174-2001)，国家广播电影电视总局
[32] Common Interface Specification for Conditional Access and other Digital Video Broadcasting Decoder Applications, EN 50221, DVB, 1997
[33] 吕品．CA的选择，世界宽带网络，2003
[34] 吕品．CA的同密与多密，世界宽带网络，2003
[35] 吕品．从“机卡分离”到“软硬分离”，世界宽带网络，2003
[36] 何锦．条件接收系统及同密处理技术，世界宽带网络，2004
[37] 浅谈数字电视条件接收系统，数字通信世界(www.digitcw.com)，2005
[38] 周师亮．加解扰条件接收(CA)技术专家讲座1-18讲，中国有线电视加解扰信息网
[39] 陈文全．数字电视条件接收系统的安全性研究，电视技术，2004(1)
[40] 陈晓春．条件接收系统的密钥传输机制分析，电视技术，2004(7)
[41] 朱文涛．安全组播中密钥分配问题的研究，软件学报，2003(14)
[42] 算通科技．S100加扰机用户使用手册V1.0，北京算通科技发展有限公司