数字电视评测技术研究
摘要
数字化是一场世界范围的新技术革命,也是广播电视发展的必然趋势。随着电子、微电子、计算机和通信技术的发展,近年来,图像和声音信息的数字化处理与传输技术取得了长足进步,数字视频系统已进入实用化阶段,数字音视频产品大量进入了家庭。随着SDTV(标准清晰度电视)、HDTV(高清晰度电视)系统的试播或开播,模拟电视系统正在向数字电视(DTV)系统过渡,不久,数字电视必将取代模拟电视。
数字电视节目的开播,使得选用什么样的终端显示器成为目前倍受关注的话题。目前市场上除了传统的CRT(阴极射线管),LCD(液晶显示器)、PDP(等离子体显示器)、DLP(数字光学处理器)和LCoS(硅基液晶显示器)等固有分辨率显示器件的生产技术已日趋成熟,特别是LCD和PDP已逐渐成为显示器主流产品。作为终端,显示器(屏)的质量极大地影响着最终观看效果,其成本也占接收和显示设备的绝大份额。
MPEG(运动图像专家组)制定的MPEG-2标准是SDTV、HDTV系统遵循的通用国际规范。SDTV、HDTV信号以码流形式传送,数字电视系统投入使用前和运行中,均需监测其不同层次码流是否符合MPEG-2和各国或地区的具体标准。数字电视产品的研制、生产、验收、销售和维修等,也都需要内容不同、参数不一、符合标准的测试码流,对新型显示器,还需研究和提供相应信号,这些需求是开展和推动本项研究的原动力。
本课题主要是对数字电视系统质量评价技术的研究。论文工作主要包括两个部分,一部分是对数字电视信号特别是传输流的标准符合性评价和检测方法研究,另一部分是对数字电视显示终端质量的评价技术研究。
在数字电视码流质量评价部分,通过对数字电视信源编解码原理、传输流复用和相关标准等较为深入的学习,对传输流系统层结构、语法、语义做了较为深入的解析。通过对单节目、多节目TS的音视频信息进行分析,根据ISO/IEC 13818-4和DVB TR101 290规范和所设定的项目,研究了按不同优先级,提供码流评估报告应涉及的项目和主要质量参数。论文除按这些规范和课题组对DTV信号的研究基础,完成或拓宽了TS流分析、评测算法研究外,还结合TS复用算法,基本实现了对MPEG-2传送流系统目标解码器(T-STD)工作状态的分析,重点对其溢出问题给出了分析,并编制了检测T-STD工作状态的核心软件。但由于这一问题涉及的问题较广,其算法研究还待深入,适用范围还待扩展,并编制便于应用的界面。
根据传输DTV码流经常遇到的问题,本文按MPEG-2标准的语法和语义,针
Digital is a new technology revolution and an inevitable trend of broadcasting TV technology. In recent years, along with the development of the electronics, micro-electronics, computer and communication technology, digital processing and transmission of image and sound information have been improved. The digital video system has already entered practical stage. The digital audio and video products have already entered the daily life. With SDTV (standard definition TV), HDTV (high-definition TV) starts broadcasting systematically, the system of the analogue TV is transformed to the system of the digital TV. In the near future, the digital TV necessarily replaces the analogue TV.
With the DTV starts broadcasting, it is greatly concerned that which terminal TV display devices or screens should be selected. Except for traditional display devices such as CRT(Cathode Ray Tube), the productive technology for those TV display devices or screens with intrinsic resolution such as LCD(liquid crystal display), PDP(Plasma Display Panel), DLP(Digital Light Processing) and LCoS(liquid crystal on silicon) has become mature gradually, LCD and DLP become the main products. As terminal, quality of TV display devices or screens greatly influences the effect of being viewed, and its cost occupies most of equipment including receiver and display.
MPEG-2 standard established by MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) is the general international criterion followed by both SDTV and HDTV system. SDTV and HDTV signal are transmitted in the format of Transport Stream(TS). Before and during the use of DTV system, it should be tested that whether different kinds of TS is accorded with MPEG-2 or idiographic standard of different countries. A great deal of test signal with various parameters is required by system design, manufacture, testing and service. To those new types of display devices, relevant signal should be studied and supplied. All of the requirements above are the great impetus to this research.
This thesis is focused on quality evaluation of DTV system. It is divided into two parts. One is the study of conformance evaluation and tests method for DTV signal and TS, the other is mainly for evaluating the quality of DTV terminal display equipment.
In evaluating quality of DTV TS, structure and syntax of TS system have been deeply parsed according to study on coding and decode principle of DTV signal resource, multiplex of TS and related standard. Audio and video information of single
数字电视节目的开播,使得选用什么样的终端显示器成为目前倍受关注的话题。目前市场上除了传统的CRT(阴极射线管),LCD(液晶显示器)、PDP(等离子体显示器)、DLP(数字光学处理器)和LCoS(硅基液晶显示器)等固有分辨率显示器件的生产技术已日趋成熟,特别是LCD和PDP已逐渐成为显示器主流产品。作为终端,显示器(屏)的质量极大地影响着最终观看效果,其成本也占接收和显示设备的绝大份额。
MPEG(运动图像专家组)制定的MPEG-2标准是SDTV、HDTV系统遵循的通用国际规范。SDTV、HDTV信号以码流形式传送,数字电视系统投入使用前和运行中,均需监测其不同层次码流是否符合MPEG-2和各国或地区的具体标准。数字电视产品的研制、生产、验收、销售和维修等,也都需要内容不同、参数不一、符合标准的测试码流,对新型显示器,还需研究和提供相应信号,这些需求是开展和推动本项研究的原动力。
本课题主要是对数字电视系统质量评价技术的研究。论文工作主要包括两个部分,一部分是对数字电视信号特别是传输流的标准符合性评价和检测方法研究,另一部分是对数字电视显示终端质量的评价技术研究。
在数字电视码流质量评价部分,通过对数字电视信源编解码原理、传输流复用和相关标准等较为深入的学习,对传输流系统层结构、语法、语义做了较为深入的解析。通过对单节目、多节目TS的音视频信息进行分析,根据ISO/IEC 13818-4和DVB TR101 290规范和所设定的项目,研究了按不同优先级,提供码流评估报告应涉及的项目和主要质量参数。论文除按这些规范和课题组对DTV信号的研究基础,完成或拓宽了TS流分析、评测算法研究外,还结合TS复用算法,基本实现了对MPEG-2传送流系统目标解码器(T-STD)工作状态的分析,重点对其溢出问题给出了分析,并编制了检测T-STD工作状态的核心软件。但由于这一问题涉及的问题较广,其算法研究还待深入,适用范围还待扩展,并编制便于应用的界面。
根据传输DTV码流经常遇到的问题,本文按MPEG-2标准的语法和语义,针
Digital is a new technology revolution and an inevitable trend of broadcasting TV technology. In recent years, along with the development of the electronics, micro-electronics, computer and communication technology, digital processing and transmission of image and sound information have been improved. The digital video system has already entered practical stage. The digital audio and video products have already entered the daily life. With SDTV (standard definition TV), HDTV (high-definition TV) starts broadcasting systematically, the system of the analogue TV is transformed to the system of the digital TV. In the near future, the digital TV necessarily replaces the analogue TV.
With the DTV starts broadcasting, it is greatly concerned that which terminal TV display devices or screens should be selected. Except for traditional display devices such as CRT(Cathode Ray Tube), the productive technology for those TV display devices or screens with intrinsic resolution such as LCD(liquid crystal display), PDP(Plasma Display Panel), DLP(Digital Light Processing) and LCoS(liquid crystal on silicon) has become mature gradually, LCD and DLP become the main products. As terminal, quality of TV display devices or screens greatly influences the effect of being viewed, and its cost occupies most of equipment including receiver and display.
MPEG-2 standard established by MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) is the general international criterion followed by both SDTV and HDTV system. SDTV and HDTV signal are transmitted in the format of Transport Stream(TS). Before and during the use of DTV system, it should be tested that whether different kinds of TS is accorded with MPEG-2 or idiographic standard of different countries. A great deal of test signal with various parameters is required by system design, manufacture, testing and service. To those new types of display devices, relevant signal should be studied and supplied. All of the requirements above are the great impetus to this research.
This thesis is focused on quality evaluation of DTV system. It is divided into two parts. One is the study of conformance evaluation and tests method for DTV signal and TS, the other is mainly for evaluating the quality of DTV terminal display equipment.
In evaluating quality of DTV TS, structure and syntax of TS system have been deeply parsed according to study on coding and decode principle of DTV signal resource, multiplex of TS and related standard. Audio and video information of single
引文
[1] ISO/IEC 13818-1. Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Systems. 1994
[2] ISO/IEC 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Video. 1994
[3] ISO/IEC IS 13818-3.Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Audio. 1994
[4] ISO/IEC IS 13818-4.Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Compliance. 1994
[5] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB):A Guideline for the Use of DVB Specifications and Standards DVB Document A020 Rev. 1,May 2000
[6]ETSI TR 101 290 V1.2.1 (2001-05).Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Measurement guidelines for DVB systems
[7] 钟玉琢等译. 运动图像及其伴音通用编码国际标准——MPEG-2. 北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[8] 黎洪松. 数字视频技术及其应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[9] David J.Kruglinski. Programing Visual C++技术内幕. 希望图书创作室译. 北京:北京希望电子出版社,2000
[10] Jeffrey Richter. Windows 核心编程. 王建华译. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[11] Kate Gregory. VC++6 开发使用手册. 前导工作室译. 北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[12] 谭浩强. C 程序设计. 北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[13] 王金健. MPEG-2 系统层复用算法的研究及其软件实现.天津大学硕士学位论文, 2000
[14] 吕达夫. 码流分析软件与输出板卡设备驱动程序设计. 天津大学硕士学位论文,2002
[15] Application Note: Software Developer`s Guide, Applied Micro Circuits Corporation. 1997
[16] SJ/T ××××—×××× 中华人民共和国电子行业标准 数字电视阴极射线管显示器测量方法
[17] GB 9372-88 电视广播接收机测量方法
[18] GB/T 10239-94 彩色电视广播接收机通用技术条件
[19] GB/T 17309.1-1998 (idt IEC 107-1:1995) 电视广播接收机测量方法 第一部分:一般考虑 射频和视频电性能测量以及显示性能的测量
[20] IEC 107-7 电视广播接收机测量方法 第七部分:HDTV显示器的测量方法
[21] GY/T 155-2000 高清晰度电视节目制作及交换用视频参数值
[22] 李剑等,液晶电视显示器基本性能评价要素探讨,电视技术 2005.1
[23] 王海燕等,LCD 与 CRT 电视显示器测试项目比较,电视技术 2005.1
[24] 钱能,C++程序设计教程,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[25] http://www.liumeiti.cn
[26] http://www.dvbcn.com
[2] ISO/IEC 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Video. 1994
[3] ISO/IEC IS 13818-3.Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Audio. 1994
[4] ISO/IEC IS 13818-4.Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio: Compliance. 1994
[5] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB):A Guideline for the Use of DVB Specifications and Standards DVB Document A020 Rev. 1,May 2000
[6]ETSI TR 101 290 V1.2.1 (2001-05).Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Measurement guidelines for DVB systems
[7] 钟玉琢等译. 运动图像及其伴音通用编码国际标准——MPEG-2. 北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[8] 黎洪松. 数字视频技术及其应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[9] David J.Kruglinski. Programing Visual C++技术内幕. 希望图书创作室译. 北京:北京希望电子出版社,2000
[10] Jeffrey Richter. Windows 核心编程. 王建华译. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[11] Kate Gregory. VC++6 开发使用手册. 前导工作室译. 北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[12] 谭浩强. C 程序设计. 北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[13] 王金健. MPEG-2 系统层复用算法的研究及其软件实现.天津大学硕士学位论文, 2000
[14] 吕达夫. 码流分析软件与输出板卡设备驱动程序设计. 天津大学硕士学位论文,2002
[15] Application Note: Software Developer`s Guide, Applied Micro Circuits Corporation. 1997
[16] SJ/T ××××—×××× 中华人民共和国电子行业标准 数字电视阴极射线管显示器测量方法
[17] GB 9372-88 电视广播接收机测量方法
[18] GB/T 10239-94 彩色电视广播接收机通用技术条件
[19] GB/T 17309.1-1998 (idt IEC 107-1:1995) 电视广播接收机测量方法 第一部分:一般考虑 射频和视频电性能测量以及显示性能的测量
[20] IEC 107-7 电视广播接收机测量方法 第七部分:HDTV显示器的测量方法
[21] GY/T 155-2000 高清晰度电视节目制作及交换用视频参数值
[22] 李剑等,液晶电视显示器基本性能评价要素探讨,电视技术 2005.1
[23] 王海燕等,LCD 与 CRT 电视显示器测试项目比较,电视技术 2005.1
[24] 钱能,C++程序设计教程,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[25] http://www.liumeiti.cn
[26] http://www.dvbcn.com