无源微型可视化光学标签的原理与制作
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摘要
传统光学标签由于成本低、易制作等特点得到广泛应用。然而在某些专业领域,光学标签被要求做得微型化。根据相机的散焦原理可知,普通相机能够在相对较远的距离检测到尺寸极小的物体,则意味着传统光学标签可以往微型化发展。通过对比各种常用光学标签,QR二维码标签更适合于微型化,在实验中使用尺寸为0.87mm×0.87mm的微型光学标签。无源微型可视化光学标签系统发射端由反射膜、微型光学标签和简易透镜构成。接收端采用手机相机,通过仿真和实验,在手机镜头前加置伽利略望远系统来增大探测距离,添加LED和半透半反膜作为辅助光源装置,使手机相机能在较远距离探测到微型二维码,并正确解码。本文给出了方案中所需光学器件的参数,并以一些性能指标为例计算整个系统的参数以供参考。
本文主要的工作和特色:
(1)对光学标签系统的理论进行了研究与分析,提出了使用无源微型光学标签作为发射端,手机相机作为接收端的方案。
(2)制作了无源微型可视化光学标签系统的发射端,选用了镀铝膜与荧光膜作为不同反射膜进行实验。
(3)根据理论与ZEMAX仿真,设计了手机相机辅助接收模块,为无源微型可视化光学标签系统提供辅助光源,并克服手机相机接收微型光学标签距离较短的缺点,使得手机相机接收距离增大为15cm以上。
Traditional optical tag is widely used because of its low cost and easy to make. However,in some professional areas,optical tag is required to made mirco.According to the principle of defocus blur ,ordinary camera can detect extremely small objects in a far distance. It means that traditional optical tag could advance to the micro.Through contrast varirty of common optical tag, the QR code is more suitable to be micro.In our experiment, the size of micro optical tag which we used is 0.87mm×0.87mm.The transmitter of micro visual optical tag by passive light source includes reflective membrane,mirco optical tag and a simple len.The receiver is used by cell phone camera.Through simulation and experiment,we add Galileo telescope system in front of cell phone lens to increase the detection distance,then add LED and transflective semi-reflecting membrane as auxiliary light source,as to cell phone camera can detect the micro 2D barcode in a far distance and decode correctly.This article shows parameters of the optical system needed in this design and calculate the parameters of the whole system for reference using actual performance figure. The primary content and features of the dissertation includes:
(1)This paper researchs and analysis on the theory of optical tag system.It shows the program that we can use micro optical tag by passive light source as transmitter and use cell phone camera as receiver.
(2)We produce the transmitter of micro visual optical tag by passive light source,and do experiment by aluminized membrane and fluorescent membrane.
(3)Based on the theory and ZEMAX software, we desiged the cell phone camera auxiliary receiver module,provided the auxiliary light source of micro visual optical tag system by passive light source,and overcome the weak point that cell phone camera detected short .Then cell phone camera’s detective distance increased to 15cm and even more.
本文主要的工作和特色:
(1)对光学标签系统的理论进行了研究与分析,提出了使用无源微型光学标签作为发射端,手机相机作为接收端的方案。
(2)制作了无源微型可视化光学标签系统的发射端,选用了镀铝膜与荧光膜作为不同反射膜进行实验。
(3)根据理论与ZEMAX仿真,设计了手机相机辅助接收模块,为无源微型可视化光学标签系统提供辅助光源,并克服手机相机接收微型光学标签距离较短的缺点,使得手机相机接收距离增大为15cm以上。
Traditional optical tag is widely used because of its low cost and easy to make. However,in some professional areas,optical tag is required to made mirco.According to the principle of defocus blur ,ordinary camera can detect extremely small objects in a far distance. It means that traditional optical tag could advance to the micro.Through contrast varirty of common optical tag, the QR code is more suitable to be micro.In our experiment, the size of micro optical tag which we used is 0.87mm×0.87mm.The transmitter of micro visual optical tag by passive light source includes reflective membrane,mirco optical tag and a simple len.The receiver is used by cell phone camera.Through simulation and experiment,we add Galileo telescope system in front of cell phone lens to increase the detection distance,then add LED and transflective semi-reflecting membrane as auxiliary light source,as to cell phone camera can detect the micro 2D barcode in a far distance and decode correctly.This article shows parameters of the optical system needed in this design and calculate the parameters of the whole system for reference using actual performance figure. The primary content and features of the dissertation includes:
(1)This paper researchs and analysis on the theory of optical tag system.It shows the program that we can use micro optical tag by passive light source as transmitter and use cell phone camera as receiver.
(2)We produce the transmitter of micro visual optical tag by passive light source,and do experiment by aluminized membrane and fluorescent membrane.
(3)Based on the theory and ZEMAX software, we desiged the cell phone camera auxiliary receiver module,provided the auxiliary light source of micro visual optical tag system by passive light source,and overcome the weak point that cell phone camera detected short .Then cell phone camera’s detective distance increased to 15cm and even more.
引文
[1]中国物品编码中心.条码技术与应用[P].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[2]计库.二维条码与一维条码、RFID比较[M].中国自动识别技术,2008(03).
[3]李如年.基于RFID技术的物联网研究[M].中国电子科学研究院学报,2006(06)
[4] Mohan. Ankit, Woo. Grace, Hiura. Shinsaku, Smithwick. Quinn, Raskar. Ramesh. Bokode: Imperceptible Visual tags for Camera Based Interaction from a Distance, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol 28, July 27, 2009
[5]妙妙.从一维码到二维码手机也当解码器[M].数字通信,2006(17).
[6] ISO. QR code 2005 bar code symbology specification[P]. ISO/IEC:18004, 2006-02-04.
[7] ISO. Data Matrix bar code symbology specification[P]. ISO/IEC:16022, 2006-02-04.
[8]庚桂平.二维条码技术简析[J].航空标准化与质量,2009(06).
[9]余刚.QRcode快速响应二维条码的应用于研究[D].华南理工大学,2005.
[10]陈晓平.编著条码印刷技术[M].清华大学出版社,1993, 1(14): 166-171.
[11]陈珊.手机二维码市场蛋糕正做大[J].人民邮电,2008, 6.
[12]包宋德.二维条码在品牌白酒防伪系统中的应用[J].荆楚理工学院学报,2004, 7.
[13]邓由飞,郭望山,赵金石等.二维条码和RFID标签用于肉牛身份识别的性能比较[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009, 11(45): 54-56.
[14]耿军.独家代理条码标签打印机维深与日本SAOT携手RFID服务[J].每周电脑报,2005, 11: 53.
[15]计库.国外RFID应用简介[J].中国自动识别技术,2009, 2: 84-87.
[16] TELLER. S, CHEN. K, BALAKRISHNAN. H. Pervasive pose-aware applications and infrastructure[J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2003, 2.
[17] Junichi Rekimoto, Yuji Ayatuka. CyberCode: Designing Augmented Reality Environments with Visual Tags[J]. DARE 2000, 2000, 1-10.
[18] Toshiki ISO, Shoji KURAKAKE, Toshiaki SUGIMURA. VISUAL-TAG READER: IMAGE CAPTURE BY CELL PHONE CAMERA[J], IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2003, 60(2): 557-560.
[19] Andrea Dell' Acqua, Marco Ferrari, Marco Marcon, Augusto Sarti, Stefano Tubaro. Colored Visual Tags: a Robust Approach for Augmented Reality[J]. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance AVSS, 2005, 423-427.
[20] Andrey Mbogho, Lori Scarlatos. Genetic parameter tuning for reliable segmentation of colored visual tags. Proceedings of GECCO 2007: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2007, 1525.
[21] Toye Eleanor, Sharp Richard, Madhavapeddy Anil, Scott David, Upton Eben and Blackwell Alan. Interacting with mobile services: An evaluation of camera-phones and visual tags[J]. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007, 11(2): 97-106.
[22] Kaj Makela, Sara Belt, Dan Greenblatt, Jonna Hakkila. Mobile interaction with Visual and RFID tag: A Field Study on User Perceptions[J]. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems– Proceedings, 2007, 991-994.
[23] Andrea Bellucci, Stefano LEvialdi, Alessio Malizia. Visual Tagging Through Social Collaboration: A Concept Paper[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007, 4663: 268-271.
[24] Stefano Levialdi Ghiron, Carlo Maria Medaglia, Amedeo Perrone. Art-sonomy: Social Bookmarking of Real Artworks via Mobile Applications with Visual Tags[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009, 5616: 375-384.
[25] Yijia Zhu, Liangliang Li, Cheng Qian, Zhongcheng Liang. The optical system design and application of micro optical tag[J]. Photonics Asia 2010 Conference, 18-21 Oct 2010, Beijing China.
[26]朱建新,吴国诚.百万像素照相手机CMOS模组调焦方法的探讨[J]。深圳:光学技术,2006(3).
[27]胡国永,陈长缨,陈振强.白光LED照明光源用作室内无线通信研究[J].光通信技术,2006, 07: 46-48.
[28]丁德强,柯熙政.可见光通信及其关键技术研究[J].半导体光电,2006, 02(27): 114-117.
[29]荣健,鲁辉,强世锦.室内无线光通信信道分析[J].光通信研究,2007, 01: 18-20.
[30]顾玉娟.无线光通信技术研究[J].数字通信世界,2007, 04: 76-78.
[31]魏承功.基于白光LED的室内可见光通信系统研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[32]云文岳.室内可见光通信系统调制与解调技术研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[33]江晓明.室内LED可见光无线通信系统物理层研究[D].江苏大学,2008.
[34]王永波.室内可见光无线通信系统研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[35]胡国永.基于LED的可见光无线通信关键技术研究[D].暨南大学,2007.
[36]刘亚军.太阳能电池用新型纳米二氧化硅减反射膜的研究[D].东南大学,2010.
[37]吴学明.荧光分子探针4-二(2-羟乙基氨基)-乙氨基-N-n-丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成[D].南京理工大学,2010.
[38]杨帆.图像处理的研究设计及其FPGA实现[D].首都师范大学,2008.
[39]林聚承.新型CMOS图像传感器的研究[D].重庆大学,2006.
[40]陈靖.系统自动控制与信号处理技术[D].西安电子科技大学,2006.
[41]雷蕾.基于CCD与CMOS图像传感新技术的研究[J].科技创新导报,2010.
[42]叶权来.ARM9平台下的CMOS图像传感器数据采集系统[J].电子工程师, 2007.
[43]田园.CCD图像对比度测试方法研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[44]韩军,刘钧.工程光学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[45]徐之海.数码相机的光学系统[J].照相机,2001.
[46]王永波.室内可见光无线通信系统研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[47]夏勋力.近朗伯光型LED透镜的光学设计[J].光电技术应用,2010.
[48]李湘宁.工程光学[M].科学出版社,2005.
[49]田芊,廖延彪,孙利群.工程光学[M].清华大学出版社,2006.
[50] http://www.gyoung.com.cn/scanner_symbol_ds6608.htm
[51]黄波士.基于PC的人体运动捕捉及编辑系统的研究与实现[D].同济大学,2006.
[2]计库.二维条码与一维条码、RFID比较[M].中国自动识别技术,2008(03).
[3]李如年.基于RFID技术的物联网研究[M].中国电子科学研究院学报,2006(06)
[4] Mohan. Ankit, Woo. Grace, Hiura. Shinsaku, Smithwick. Quinn, Raskar. Ramesh. Bokode: Imperceptible Visual tags for Camera Based Interaction from a Distance, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol 28, July 27, 2009
[5]妙妙.从一维码到二维码手机也当解码器[M].数字通信,2006(17).
[6] ISO. QR code 2005 bar code symbology specification[P]. ISO/IEC:18004, 2006-02-04.
[7] ISO. Data Matrix bar code symbology specification[P]. ISO/IEC:16022, 2006-02-04.
[8]庚桂平.二维条码技术简析[J].航空标准化与质量,2009(06).
[9]余刚.QRcode快速响应二维条码的应用于研究[D].华南理工大学,2005.
[10]陈晓平.编著条码印刷技术[M].清华大学出版社,1993, 1(14): 166-171.
[11]陈珊.手机二维码市场蛋糕正做大[J].人民邮电,2008, 6.
[12]包宋德.二维条码在品牌白酒防伪系统中的应用[J].荆楚理工学院学报,2004, 7.
[13]邓由飞,郭望山,赵金石等.二维条码和RFID标签用于肉牛身份识别的性能比较[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009, 11(45): 54-56.
[14]耿军.独家代理条码标签打印机维深与日本SAOT携手RFID服务[J].每周电脑报,2005, 11: 53.
[15]计库.国外RFID应用简介[J].中国自动识别技术,2009, 2: 84-87.
[16] TELLER. S, CHEN. K, BALAKRISHNAN. H. Pervasive pose-aware applications and infrastructure[J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2003, 2.
[17] Junichi Rekimoto, Yuji Ayatuka. CyberCode: Designing Augmented Reality Environments with Visual Tags[J]. DARE 2000, 2000, 1-10.
[18] Toshiki ISO, Shoji KURAKAKE, Toshiaki SUGIMURA. VISUAL-TAG READER: IMAGE CAPTURE BY CELL PHONE CAMERA[J], IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2003, 60(2): 557-560.
[19] Andrea Dell' Acqua, Marco Ferrari, Marco Marcon, Augusto Sarti, Stefano Tubaro. Colored Visual Tags: a Robust Approach for Augmented Reality[J]. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance AVSS, 2005, 423-427.
[20] Andrey Mbogho, Lori Scarlatos. Genetic parameter tuning for reliable segmentation of colored visual tags. Proceedings of GECCO 2007: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2007, 1525.
[21] Toye Eleanor, Sharp Richard, Madhavapeddy Anil, Scott David, Upton Eben and Blackwell Alan. Interacting with mobile services: An evaluation of camera-phones and visual tags[J]. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007, 11(2): 97-106.
[22] Kaj Makela, Sara Belt, Dan Greenblatt, Jonna Hakkila. Mobile interaction with Visual and RFID tag: A Field Study on User Perceptions[J]. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems– Proceedings, 2007, 991-994.
[23] Andrea Bellucci, Stefano LEvialdi, Alessio Malizia. Visual Tagging Through Social Collaboration: A Concept Paper[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007, 4663: 268-271.
[24] Stefano Levialdi Ghiron, Carlo Maria Medaglia, Amedeo Perrone. Art-sonomy: Social Bookmarking of Real Artworks via Mobile Applications with Visual Tags[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009, 5616: 375-384.
[25] Yijia Zhu, Liangliang Li, Cheng Qian, Zhongcheng Liang. The optical system design and application of micro optical tag[J]. Photonics Asia 2010 Conference, 18-21 Oct 2010, Beijing China.
[26]朱建新,吴国诚.百万像素照相手机CMOS模组调焦方法的探讨[J]。深圳:光学技术,2006(3).
[27]胡国永,陈长缨,陈振强.白光LED照明光源用作室内无线通信研究[J].光通信技术,2006, 07: 46-48.
[28]丁德强,柯熙政.可见光通信及其关键技术研究[J].半导体光电,2006, 02(27): 114-117.
[29]荣健,鲁辉,强世锦.室内无线光通信信道分析[J].光通信研究,2007, 01: 18-20.
[30]顾玉娟.无线光通信技术研究[J].数字通信世界,2007, 04: 76-78.
[31]魏承功.基于白光LED的室内可见光通信系统研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[32]云文岳.室内可见光通信系统调制与解调技术研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[33]江晓明.室内LED可见光无线通信系统物理层研究[D].江苏大学,2008.
[34]王永波.室内可见光无线通信系统研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[35]胡国永.基于LED的可见光无线通信关键技术研究[D].暨南大学,2007.
[36]刘亚军.太阳能电池用新型纳米二氧化硅减反射膜的研究[D].东南大学,2010.
[37]吴学明.荧光分子探针4-二(2-羟乙基氨基)-乙氨基-N-n-丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成[D].南京理工大学,2010.
[38]杨帆.图像处理的研究设计及其FPGA实现[D].首都师范大学,2008.
[39]林聚承.新型CMOS图像传感器的研究[D].重庆大学,2006.
[40]陈靖.系统自动控制与信号处理技术[D].西安电子科技大学,2006.
[41]雷蕾.基于CCD与CMOS图像传感新技术的研究[J].科技创新导报,2010.
[42]叶权来.ARM9平台下的CMOS图像传感器数据采集系统[J].电子工程师, 2007.
[43]田园.CCD图像对比度测试方法研究[D].长春理工大学,2008.
[44]韩军,刘钧.工程光学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[45]徐之海.数码相机的光学系统[J].照相机,2001.
[46]王永波.室内可见光无线通信系统研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[47]夏勋力.近朗伯光型LED透镜的光学设计[J].光电技术应用,2010.
[48]李湘宁.工程光学[M].科学出版社,2005.
[49]田芊,廖延彪,孙利群.工程光学[M].清华大学出版社,2006.
[50] http://www.gyoung.com.cn/scanner_symbol_ds6608.htm
[51]黄波士.基于PC的人体运动捕捉及编辑系统的研究与实现[D].同济大学,2006.