自动化增压器性能试验台的研制
摘要
能源与环境是当今世界发展的两大主题,世界各国均予以高度重视。随着我国国民经济的高速发展,能源消耗日益增大,因此汽车尾气排放带来的污染问题也日益严重。涡轮增压技术从提出至今,已有百年的历史,经过不断地改进与完善,它已被广泛应用于各个工业领域,特别是汽车行业,涡轮增压技术对于减少汽车尾气的排放具有重要的作用。
增压器是柴油机增压系统的重要部件,其性能的优劣直接关系到柴油机的经济性、动力性及可靠性。在增压器产品的研发过程中,增压器试验台对增压器产品的性能测试起着重要作用,尤其在涡轮增压器与发动机匹配的试验中。压气机特性曲线就是由增压器试验台测得增压器的主要性能参数,并由这些参数人工绘制得出的。
本文搭建了一种车用涡轮增压器试验台,阐述了整个试验台的设计方案,详细介绍了试验台的加热系统(由燃烧系统和点火系统组成),选用航空发动机的单管燃烧室模拟汽车尾气的排放。文中还详细介绍了油冷却润滑系统和测控系统的设计方案。通过对潍柴提供的S3B型号增压器做压气机特性试验,验证了试验台的稳定性和可靠性。
文中还以增压器试验所得数据为依据,在分析传统压气机特性曲线的绘制方法和拟合方法基础上,提出一种新的压气机特性曲线拟合方法,开发了压气机特性曲线自动绘制程序,通过与在excel中生成的潍柴S3B型号压气机特性曲线对比分析,结果表明:该方法具有一定精度,使增压器特性试验的整个过程实现了自动化。
Nowadays, as energy and environment are the two subjects for the development of the world, more attentions are paid to them by all the world countries. With the faster development of our country economy and the more energy consumed by vehicles, the exhaust gas pollutions from vehicles are becoming more and more serious. There has been more than 100 years since the technology of turbocharger appeared in the world. It has been applied in most industrial area, especially in vehicle area, through improvement and modification of itself. Turbocharger has very important effects on the emission of engines.
Supercharger is one of the important parts in diesel engine, which performance directly influences the economy, motivity and dependability of the diesel engine. Supercharger test rig plays an important role in testing its performance, especially in the experiment about matching between turbocharger and engine during the researching process of the supercharger. Some main performance parameters are measured by the rig and the compressor characteristics curve are protracted.
In this paper an automation test rig of turbocharger for vehicles is researched. All the test rig designing projects are introduced especially about temperature-adding system ( composed of combustion and ignition system ), oil-cooling lubricate system, measure and controlling system. In the experiment, the emission of engines is simulated in the aero-engine single tube firebox. Meanwhile the compressor characteristics experiment is done through S3B supercharger provided by Wei-Chai. Test and analysis results certify the rig’s reliability and stability.
A new fitting way and automated protracting program about compressor characteristics curve is provided based on the measured data and the traditional protracting and fitting way. The results show that the way is precise and can make the whole process automation for the characteristic performance test of the supercharger through comparing with the S3B-compressor characteristics curve fitted by Excel.
增压器是柴油机增压系统的重要部件,其性能的优劣直接关系到柴油机的经济性、动力性及可靠性。在增压器产品的研发过程中,增压器试验台对增压器产品的性能测试起着重要作用,尤其在涡轮增压器与发动机匹配的试验中。压气机特性曲线就是由增压器试验台测得增压器的主要性能参数,并由这些参数人工绘制得出的。
本文搭建了一种车用涡轮增压器试验台,阐述了整个试验台的设计方案,详细介绍了试验台的加热系统(由燃烧系统和点火系统组成),选用航空发动机的单管燃烧室模拟汽车尾气的排放。文中还详细介绍了油冷却润滑系统和测控系统的设计方案。通过对潍柴提供的S3B型号增压器做压气机特性试验,验证了试验台的稳定性和可靠性。
文中还以增压器试验所得数据为依据,在分析传统压气机特性曲线的绘制方法和拟合方法基础上,提出一种新的压气机特性曲线拟合方法,开发了压气机特性曲线自动绘制程序,通过与在excel中生成的潍柴S3B型号压气机特性曲线对比分析,结果表明:该方法具有一定精度,使增压器特性试验的整个过程实现了自动化。
Nowadays, as energy and environment are the two subjects for the development of the world, more attentions are paid to them by all the world countries. With the faster development of our country economy and the more energy consumed by vehicles, the exhaust gas pollutions from vehicles are becoming more and more serious. There has been more than 100 years since the technology of turbocharger appeared in the world. It has been applied in most industrial area, especially in vehicle area, through improvement and modification of itself. Turbocharger has very important effects on the emission of engines.
Supercharger is one of the important parts in diesel engine, which performance directly influences the economy, motivity and dependability of the diesel engine. Supercharger test rig plays an important role in testing its performance, especially in the experiment about matching between turbocharger and engine during the researching process of the supercharger. Some main performance parameters are measured by the rig and the compressor characteristics curve are protracted.
In this paper an automation test rig of turbocharger for vehicles is researched. All the test rig designing projects are introduced especially about temperature-adding system ( composed of combustion and ignition system ), oil-cooling lubricate system, measure and controlling system. In the experiment, the emission of engines is simulated in the aero-engine single tube firebox. Meanwhile the compressor characteristics experiment is done through S3B supercharger provided by Wei-Chai. Test and analysis results certify the rig’s reliability and stability.
A new fitting way and automated protracting program about compressor characteristics curve is provided based on the measured data and the traditional protracting and fitting way. The results show that the way is precise and can make the whole process automation for the characteristic performance test of the supercharger through comparing with the S3B-compressor characteristics curve fitted by Excel.
引文
[1] 张俊红、 李志刚、 王铁宁, 车用涡轮增压技术的发展回顾、现状及展望 小型内燃机与摩托车 2007.2
[3] 黄若, 涡轮增压器产业技术的现状与发展 内燃机工程 2003.1
[4] 王延生、黄佑生,《车辆发动机废气涡轮增压》,国防工业出版社,1986.
[5] 唐克彪, 增压器试验台的改进, 机车车辆工艺, 1999.4
[6] 蒋德明,《内燃机的涡轮增压》,机械工业出版社,1986.
[7] 钟华贵、 刘坤、 文国治, 涡轮增压器试验台与试验技术, 第六届发动机试验专业委员会学术交流会, 2002.12
[8] 杨龑虓、宋蛰存, 涡轮增压系统的现状和电控趋势[ J ], 林业机械与木工设备, 2003.
[9] Fredmonski A.J.Design and Experimental Evaluation of Compact Radial—Inflow Turbines [R].AIAA-91-2127,AIA A/SAE/ASME/ASEE 26th Joint Propulsion Conference,1991.3--4.
[10] K. Dewhirst etc,Design and Development of Holset HX Series of Turbochargers,SAE 900356.
[11] F. B. Fisher, Application of Map Width Enhancement Device to Turbocharger Compressor Stages, SAE 880794.
[12] S. Anada, T. Kawakami, and N. Shibata, Development of St (Swirl. Jet)Turbocharger for Diesel Engine Vehicles, SAE 970341(SP-1258).
[13] Kimura. M、 曹德军,《高压比高效率柴油机涡轮增压器的发展》,国外内燃机车,1992。2.
[14] 朱大鑫,《涡轮增压与涡轮增压器》,机械工业出版社,1992.
[15] 涡轮增压器 无锡动力机厂编.
[16] 王志刚、李明海、迟兴国, 机车用增压器试验台的现状及比较, 内燃机车.
[17] 刘春孝, 柴油内燃机增压器集成式试验台的设计, 焦作大学学报, 2007.1
[18] 朱梅林, 涡轮增压原理, 国防工业出版社, 1992.
[19] 张然治、任继文等,《车用发动机增压技术现状及市场预狈J》,车用发动机,1997.2.
[20] 董复兴、甄彦斌,《径流式涡轮增压器叶片成型方法》,车用发动机,1994.5.
[21] 陆家祥, 柴油机涡轮增压技术, 机械工业出版社.
[22]Fredmonski A.J.Design and Experimental Evaluation of Compact Radial—Inflow Turbines [R].AIAA-91-2127,AIA A/SAE/ASME/ASEE 26th Joint Propulsion Conference,1991.3--4.
[23] K. Dewhirst etc,Design and Development of Holset HX Series of Turbochargers,SAE 900356
[24] F. B.Fisher,Application of Map Width Enhancement Device to Turbocharger Compressor Stages,SAE 880794.
[25]S.Anada, T.Kawakami, and N.Shibata, Development of St (Swirl。 Jet)Turbocharger for Diesel EngineVehicles, SAE 970341(SP-1258).
[26] 何适生,热工参数测量与仪表.北京,清华大学出版社,1990.
[27] 莫乃榕,工程流体力学.华中理工大学,2000.
[28] 徐大中,热工与制冷测试技术,上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[29] 肖明耀,实验误差估计与数据处理,北京,科学出版社,1981.
[30] 贾沛璋,误差分析与数据处理,北京,国防工业出版社,1992.
[31] 罗南星,测量误差及数据处理.北京,中国计量出版社,1984.
[32] 张俊智,卢青春, 发动机动态试验台控制系统的设计, 车用发动机, 1999.2
[33] 张虹,田建英,涡轮增压器压气机性能试验台测控系统, 北京理工大学学报, 2007.3
[34] 高晓林, 涡轮增压器试验台的数据实时获取技术, 试验技术与管理, 2005.6
[35] 张志强、马朝臣、杨长茂, 涡轮增压器性能试验台数据采集及处理系统, 节能技术, 2005.
[36] 周志刚、陈丽红,RBF 网络及其在数值计算中的应用.复杂系统与复杂性科学,2006,3(2):63-68.
[37] 彭靖波,谢寿生.基于 RBF 神经网络的压气机特性仿真.推进技术,2006,27(1):30-32.
[38] ZHANG Jian,KANG Jing-li,WANG Min-nan.A RBF Network Base Nonlinear Modeling of Diesel Engine,内燃机学报,2003,21(3):221-226.
[39]飞思科技产品研发中心,神经网络理论与 MATLAB7 实现,北京,电子工业出版社,2005.
[40] 同济大学计算数学教研室.数值分析基础.上海,同济大学出版社.1998.
[41] 易大义等.数值方法.浙江科学技术出版社,1987.
[42] 金一庆等.数值方法.北京,机械工业出版社,1983.
[43] 陈锡辉、 张银鸿, Labview 8.20程序设计由入门到精通清华大学出版社,2007.
[3] 黄若, 涡轮增压器产业技术的现状与发展 内燃机工程 2003.1
[4] 王延生、黄佑生,《车辆发动机废气涡轮增压》,国防工业出版社,1986.
[5] 唐克彪, 增压器试验台的改进, 机车车辆工艺, 1999.4
[6] 蒋德明,《内燃机的涡轮增压》,机械工业出版社,1986.
[7] 钟华贵、 刘坤、 文国治, 涡轮增压器试验台与试验技术, 第六届发动机试验专业委员会学术交流会, 2002.12
[8] 杨龑虓、宋蛰存, 涡轮增压系统的现状和电控趋势[ J ], 林业机械与木工设备, 2003.
[9] Fredmonski A.J.Design and Experimental Evaluation of Compact Radial—Inflow Turbines [R].AIAA-91-2127,AIA A/SAE/ASME/ASEE 26th Joint Propulsion Conference,1991.3--4.
[10] K. Dewhirst etc,Design and Development of Holset HX Series of Turbochargers,SAE 900356.
[11] F. B. Fisher, Application of Map Width Enhancement Device to Turbocharger Compressor Stages, SAE 880794.
[12] S. Anada, T. Kawakami, and N. Shibata, Development of St (Swirl. Jet)Turbocharger for Diesel Engine Vehicles, SAE 970341(SP-1258).
[13] Kimura. M、 曹德军,《高压比高效率柴油机涡轮增压器的发展》,国外内燃机车,1992。2.
[14] 朱大鑫,《涡轮增压与涡轮增压器》,机械工业出版社,1992.
[15] 涡轮增压器 无锡动力机厂编.
[16] 王志刚、李明海、迟兴国, 机车用增压器试验台的现状及比较, 内燃机车.
[17] 刘春孝, 柴油内燃机增压器集成式试验台的设计, 焦作大学学报, 2007.1
[18] 朱梅林, 涡轮增压原理, 国防工业出版社, 1992.
[19] 张然治、任继文等,《车用发动机增压技术现状及市场预狈J》,车用发动机,1997.2.
[20] 董复兴、甄彦斌,《径流式涡轮增压器叶片成型方法》,车用发动机,1994.5.
[21] 陆家祥, 柴油机涡轮增压技术, 机械工业出版社.
[22]Fredmonski A.J.Design and Experimental Evaluation of Compact Radial—Inflow Turbines [R].AIAA-91-2127,AIA A/SAE/ASME/ASEE 26th Joint Propulsion Conference,1991.3--4.
[23] K. Dewhirst etc,Design and Development of Holset HX Series of Turbochargers,SAE 900356
[24] F. B.Fisher,Application of Map Width Enhancement Device to Turbocharger Compressor Stages,SAE 880794.
[25]S.Anada, T.Kawakami, and N.Shibata, Development of St (Swirl。 Jet)Turbocharger for Diesel EngineVehicles, SAE 970341(SP-1258).
[26] 何适生,热工参数测量与仪表.北京,清华大学出版社,1990.
[27] 莫乃榕,工程流体力学.华中理工大学,2000.
[28] 徐大中,热工与制冷测试技术,上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[29] 肖明耀,实验误差估计与数据处理,北京,科学出版社,1981.
[30] 贾沛璋,误差分析与数据处理,北京,国防工业出版社,1992.
[31] 罗南星,测量误差及数据处理.北京,中国计量出版社,1984.
[32] 张俊智,卢青春, 发动机动态试验台控制系统的设计, 车用发动机, 1999.2
[33] 张虹,田建英,涡轮增压器压气机性能试验台测控系统, 北京理工大学学报, 2007.3
[34] 高晓林, 涡轮增压器试验台的数据实时获取技术, 试验技术与管理, 2005.6
[35] 张志强、马朝臣、杨长茂, 涡轮增压器性能试验台数据采集及处理系统, 节能技术, 2005.
[36] 周志刚、陈丽红,RBF 网络及其在数值计算中的应用.复杂系统与复杂性科学,2006,3(2):63-68.
[37] 彭靖波,谢寿生.基于 RBF 神经网络的压气机特性仿真.推进技术,2006,27(1):30-32.
[38] ZHANG Jian,KANG Jing-li,WANG Min-nan.A RBF Network Base Nonlinear Modeling of Diesel Engine,内燃机学报,2003,21(3):221-226.
[39]飞思科技产品研发中心,神经网络理论与 MATLAB7 实现,北京,电子工业出版社,2005.
[40] 同济大学计算数学教研室.数值分析基础.上海,同济大学出版社.1998.
[41] 易大义等.数值方法.浙江科学技术出版社,1987.
[42] 金一庆等.数值方法.北京,机械工业出版社,1983.
[43] 陈锡辉、 张银鸿, Labview 8.20程序设计由入门到精通清华大学出版社,2007.