声学法温度场检测技术研究
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摘要
声层析成像温度场检测技术是在近年来发展较快的一种新型测温技术。该技术由于其非接触,测温范围广(0～1900℃),测量对象空间范围大(可达数十米),精度高,实时测量,维护方便等优点,常应用于工业炉炉温的在线检测等领域。
本文对声层析成像温度场检测技术进行了简要介绍,对国内外该技术的研究现状做了概述。阐述了声学测温的基本原理和声波飞行时间测量装置。介绍了声学法温度场图像重建算法的基本思想和声波弯曲路径效应对温度场重建的影响。
本文重点研究了声波在声波发射器和接收器之间的飞行时间的测量问题。受采样间隔的限制,直接对采样信号作互相关并寻峰所确定的声波飞行时间精度较低。本文采用互相关和插值算法相结合的方法降低等效采样间隔,提高声波飞行时间测量精度。论文重点论述了该方法,并给出详细的仿真实验结果。
本文还提出了一种基于预优化变换的指数温度场重建算法,并论述了运用此算法重建温度场时如何考虑声波弯曲效应以提高温度场重建精度。论文给出了该算法的详细的仿真研究结果。
本文详细介绍了所组建的声学法温度场检测实验系统,叙述了该系统的工作过程。在实验室条件下,对系统实验装置进行了性能测试。将互相关和插值相结合的声波飞行时间测量法应用于实际系统,验证了该方法的有效性;将基于预优化变换的指数温度场重建算法嵌入到系统上位机软件,实现了被测区域温度场重建。系统实验结果表明:所组建的声学法温度场检测实验系统能够较好的重建出被测温度场的温度,验证了系统的可行性。
Temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography is a new technology developing in recent years. As a new temperature measurement technology, acoustic method has many advantages such as non-contact, wide temperature range (0～1900℃), large space of measuring object (up to a few decameters) , high-precision, real-time, continuous measurement, easy maintenance and so on. Abroad, it has been matured, and applied to industry furnace for temperature measurement online.
This paper briefly introduces the temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography, summarizes the application present situation and important meaning of acoustic tomography technology at home and abroad, introduces the acoustics temperature measurement basic principle and the acoustic travel-time metering measurement. This paper also introduces the basic philosophy of the acoustic method temperature field reconstruction algorithm and the influence of the acoustic bending effect to the temperature field reconstruction.
The measurement of the acoustic travel-time between the sound emitter and receiver is studied with emphasis. The accuracy of acoustic travel-time measurement by directly cross-correlating of the transmitted and received sampling signals is restricted by the sampling interval. This paper used the method of the cross-correlation and the interpolation algorithm to reduce the equivalent sampling interval, and increased the acoustic travel-time measuring accuracy. This method and the detailed simulation experiment result are elaborated in this article.
One kind of the exponential reconstruction algorithm based on the pre-optimized transformation is proposed, considering the influence of the acoustic bending effect to the temperature field reconstruction. This paper also gave the detailed simulation results of this temperature field reconstruction algorithm.
The acoustic method temperature field examination experiment system and the work process are introduced in detail. The system is tested on the condition of room temperature in lab. The method of the acoustic travel-time measurement using the cross-correlation and interpolation algorithm applies in the actual system. It confirmed that this method is validity. The interpolation method and the exponential reconstruction algorithm based on the pre-optimized transformation are applied in PC software system, and it realized the temperature reconstruction of the measured region. The experimental result indicated that the acoustic method temperature field examination experiment system can well reconstruct the temperature of the measured temperature field, and it confirmed that the acoustic method temperature field examination system is feasible.
本文对声层析成像温度场检测技术进行了简要介绍,对国内外该技术的研究现状做了概述。阐述了声学测温的基本原理和声波飞行时间测量装置。介绍了声学法温度场图像重建算法的基本思想和声波弯曲路径效应对温度场重建的影响。
本文重点研究了声波在声波发射器和接收器之间的飞行时间的测量问题。受采样间隔的限制,直接对采样信号作互相关并寻峰所确定的声波飞行时间精度较低。本文采用互相关和插值算法相结合的方法降低等效采样间隔,提高声波飞行时间测量精度。论文重点论述了该方法,并给出详细的仿真实验结果。
本文还提出了一种基于预优化变换的指数温度场重建算法,并论述了运用此算法重建温度场时如何考虑声波弯曲效应以提高温度场重建精度。论文给出了该算法的详细的仿真研究结果。
本文详细介绍了所组建的声学法温度场检测实验系统,叙述了该系统的工作过程。在实验室条件下,对系统实验装置进行了性能测试。将互相关和插值相结合的声波飞行时间测量法应用于实际系统,验证了该方法的有效性;将基于预优化变换的指数温度场重建算法嵌入到系统上位机软件,实现了被测区域温度场重建。系统实验结果表明:所组建的声学法温度场检测实验系统能够较好的重建出被测温度场的温度,验证了系统的可行性。
Temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography is a new technology developing in recent years. As a new temperature measurement technology, acoustic method has many advantages such as non-contact, wide temperature range (0～1900℃), large space of measuring object (up to a few decameters) , high-precision, real-time, continuous measurement, easy maintenance and so on. Abroad, it has been matured, and applied to industry furnace for temperature measurement online.
This paper briefly introduces the temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography, summarizes the application present situation and important meaning of acoustic tomography technology at home and abroad, introduces the acoustics temperature measurement basic principle and the acoustic travel-time metering measurement. This paper also introduces the basic philosophy of the acoustic method temperature field reconstruction algorithm and the influence of the acoustic bending effect to the temperature field reconstruction.
The measurement of the acoustic travel-time between the sound emitter and receiver is studied with emphasis. The accuracy of acoustic travel-time measurement by directly cross-correlating of the transmitted and received sampling signals is restricted by the sampling interval. This paper used the method of the cross-correlation and the interpolation algorithm to reduce the equivalent sampling interval, and increased the acoustic travel-time measuring accuracy. This method and the detailed simulation experiment result are elaborated in this article.
One kind of the exponential reconstruction algorithm based on the pre-optimized transformation is proposed, considering the influence of the acoustic bending effect to the temperature field reconstruction. This paper also gave the detailed simulation results of this temperature field reconstruction algorithm.
The acoustic method temperature field examination experiment system and the work process are introduced in detail. The system is tested on the condition of room temperature in lab. The method of the acoustic travel-time measurement using the cross-correlation and interpolation algorithm applies in the actual system. It confirmed that this method is validity. The interpolation method and the exponential reconstruction algorithm based on the pre-optimized transformation are applied in PC software system, and it realized the temperature reconstruction of the measured region. The experimental result indicated that the acoustic method temperature field examination experiment system can well reconstruct the temperature of the measured temperature field, and it confirmed that the acoustic method temperature field examination system is feasible.
引文
[1]沈国清.声学方法重建炉内温度场的算法研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2003.
[2]Kleppe J.A.Acoustic Pyrometry:A Historical Prospective.Instrumentation in the Aerospace Industry:Proceedings of the International Symposium,1998,(44):504-512.
[3]王魁汉,李友,王柏忠.温度测量技术的最新动态及特殊与实用测温技术.自动化仪表,2001,22(8):1-7.
[4]Hilleman D.D,Marcin P.E,John A.K.Application of Acoustic Pyrometry as a Replacement for Thermal Probes in Large Gas& Oil Fired Utility Boilers.Power-Gen Americas' 93,America,1993:84.
[5]张维君,李树良.工业炉温度场声学测量系统.微计算机应用,2004,25(3):343-347.
[6]安连锁,沈国清,姜根山等.炉内烟气温度声学测量法及其温度场的确定.热力发电,2004,(9):40-42.
[7]曾庭华,马斌.锅炉炉膛温度场测量技术.广东电力,1999,12(1):48-50.
[8]张玉杰,吴平林.基于CCD图像处理的炉膛温度测量与燃烧诊断系统.华北电力技术,2004,(6):25-28.
[9]周怀春,娄春生,肖教芳等.炉膛火焰温度场图象处理试验研究.中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5):295-299.
[10]王飞,薛飞等.运用彩色CCD测量火焰温度场的试验研究及误差分析.热能动力工程,1998,13(2):81-84.
[11]刘彤,荆欣,庞力平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术.现代电力,2002,19(4):14-20.
[12]Young K.J,Melendez C,Stones R etal.On the systematic error associated with the measurement of temperature using acoustic pyrometry in combustion products of unknown mixture.Measurement Science & Technology,1998,(9):1-5.
[13]Manfred D.Applications of acoustic gas temperature measuring systems in waste to energy plants.Adenhoven,Germany,January 2000.
[14]Kleppe J.A.Engineering Application of Acoustics.New York:Artech House,1989.
[15]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山.炉膛烟气温度声学测量方法的研究与进展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):555-558.
[16]Lu J,Wakai K,Takahashi Set al.Acoustic Computer Tomographic Pyrometry for Two-dimensional Measurement of GasesTaking into Account.Measurement Science and Technology,2000,11(6):692-697.
[17]宋志强,樊旭.声学法锅炉温度场检测技术及应用.锅炉技术,2005,36(1):20-23.
[18]田丰,邵富群,王福利.基于声波的工业炉温度场测量技术.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2001,18(3):10-11.
[19]张晓尔,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,(4):185-188.
[20]Bramanti M,Emanuele A,Salerno et al.An Acoustic pyrometer system for tomographic thermal imaging in power plant boilers.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1996,45(1):159-161.
[21]Kleppe J.A.Adapt acoustic pyrometer to measure the flue-gas flow.Power,1995,(8):38-42.
[22]Donaldl B.Chaotic oscillator and CMFFNS torsignal detection in noise environments.IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks,1992,(2):821-888.
[23]Shogo T,Satoshi H.Measurement of temperature in boilers using acoustic sensors.SICE,1998,109A:185-192.
[24]邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量.控制与决策,1999,14(2):121-124.
[25]Kleppe J.A.The measurement of combustion gas temperature using acoustic pyromrtry.Proceeding 33rd Annual Power Instruments Symposium,America(ISA):Toronto,1990.
[26]何其伟,於正前,李言钦等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置.自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42-45.
[27]Kleppe J.A,Fadali S,Lapolla M.H et al.High Temperature Gas Measurements in Combustors Using Acoustic Pyrometry Methods.Proceedings of the International Instrumentation Symposium,2001,47:441-449.
[28]刘立云,田丰,李治壮等.基于互相关技术的声波飞行时间测量系统的设计与实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005,22(1):57-59.
[29]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.声学法重建炉内温度场的算法研究.锅炉技术,2005,36(6):52-55.
[30]田丰,孙小平,邓福军等.声学法电站锅炉温度场重建算法的研究与比较.量子电子学报,2003,20(5):607-612.
[31]Yan H,Li Z L,Chen G N.Acoustic temperature reconstruction algorithm based on regularized exponential approach.Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Measurement and Control of Granular Materials,Shanghai,China:2006:308-312.
[32]向阳.基于互相关延时估计的波速估计方法.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(5):63-65.
[33]Ewan B.C.R,Ireland S.N.Error reduction study employing a pseudo-random binary sequence for use in acoustic pyrometry of gases.University of Sheffield,2000.
[34]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[35]Ifeachor E.C.数字信号处理实践方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[36]汪卉琴,刘目楼.数值分析.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[37]李根强.基于三次样条插值的采样数据光滑曲线形成法.计算技术与自动化,2001,20(1):59-62.
[38]黄文.一种高效的插值算法.陕西工学院学报,2002,18(1):30-32.
[39]王艳莉.插值算法应用在图像缩放中的研究.烟台教育学院学报,2005,11(1):31-33.
[40]陈文略,王子羊.三次样条插值在工程拟合中的应用.华中师范大学学报,2004,38(4):418-422.
[41]刘虓,翁长俭.基于三次样条插值函数的船体型线积分方法.广东造船,2006,1:14-17.
[42]黄旭明.三次多项式局部插值样条.福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,13(1):21-24.
[43]薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[44]王家文,曹宇.MATLAB 6.5图形图像处理.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[45]求是科技.MATLAB 7.0从入门到精通.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[46]Furnio 1,Masayasu S.Fundamental studies of acoustic measurement and reconstruction combustion temperature in large boilers.Trans Japan Soc Mech Engin,1985,B53:1610-1614.
[47]Helmut S,Willy D.Tomography with few data-Use of collocation methods in acoustic pyrometry.Student Proceedings Kaiserslautern 1996:251-263.
[48]田丰,邵福群,王福利等.基于弯曲路径的复杂温度场重建算法仿真研究.系统仿真学报,2003,15(5):621-623.
[49]陈俊华.浅谈费马原理.濮阳教育学院学报,15(1):31-32.
[50]宋志强.声波折射对炉内声学测温技术的影响:(硕士学位论文).保定:华北电力大学,2004.
[51]Fletcher R,Reeves C.Function minimization by co2 njugate gradients.Comput J,1964,(7):149-154.
[52]雷兢,孙孟,董向元等.基于预优化变换的电容层析成像图像重建算法.仪器仪表学报,2007,28(3):394-399.
[53]吴孟余.工程热力学.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000:27-28.
[54]李芝兰.基于声层析成像的温度场重建技术研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
[2]Kleppe J.A.Acoustic Pyrometry:A Historical Prospective.Instrumentation in the Aerospace Industry:Proceedings of the International Symposium,1998,(44):504-512.
[3]王魁汉,李友,王柏忠.温度测量技术的最新动态及特殊与实用测温技术.自动化仪表,2001,22(8):1-7.
[4]Hilleman D.D,Marcin P.E,John A.K.Application of Acoustic Pyrometry as a Replacement for Thermal Probes in Large Gas& Oil Fired Utility Boilers.Power-Gen Americas' 93,America,1993:84.
[5]张维君,李树良.工业炉温度场声学测量系统.微计算机应用,2004,25(3):343-347.
[6]安连锁,沈国清,姜根山等.炉内烟气温度声学测量法及其温度场的确定.热力发电,2004,(9):40-42.
[7]曾庭华,马斌.锅炉炉膛温度场测量技术.广东电力,1999,12(1):48-50.
[8]张玉杰,吴平林.基于CCD图像处理的炉膛温度测量与燃烧诊断系统.华北电力技术,2004,(6):25-28.
[9]周怀春,娄春生,肖教芳等.炉膛火焰温度场图象处理试验研究.中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5):295-299.
[10]王飞,薛飞等.运用彩色CCD测量火焰温度场的试验研究及误差分析.热能动力工程,1998,13(2):81-84.
[11]刘彤,荆欣,庞力平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术.现代电力,2002,19(4):14-20.
[12]Young K.J,Melendez C,Stones R etal.On the systematic error associated with the measurement of temperature using acoustic pyrometry in combustion products of unknown mixture.Measurement Science & Technology,1998,(9):1-5.
[13]Manfred D.Applications of acoustic gas temperature measuring systems in waste to energy plants.Adenhoven,Germany,January 2000.
[14]Kleppe J.A.Engineering Application of Acoustics.New York:Artech House,1989.
[15]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山.炉膛烟气温度声学测量方法的研究与进展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):555-558.
[16]Lu J,Wakai K,Takahashi Set al.Acoustic Computer Tomographic Pyrometry for Two-dimensional Measurement of GasesTaking into Account.Measurement Science and Technology,2000,11(6):692-697.
[17]宋志强,樊旭.声学法锅炉温度场检测技术及应用.锅炉技术,2005,36(1):20-23.
[18]田丰,邵富群,王福利.基于声波的工业炉温度场测量技术.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2001,18(3):10-11.
[19]张晓尔,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,(4):185-188.
[20]Bramanti M,Emanuele A,Salerno et al.An Acoustic pyrometer system for tomographic thermal imaging in power plant boilers.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1996,45(1):159-161.
[21]Kleppe J.A.Adapt acoustic pyrometer to measure the flue-gas flow.Power,1995,(8):38-42.
[22]Donaldl B.Chaotic oscillator and CMFFNS torsignal detection in noise environments.IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks,1992,(2):821-888.
[23]Shogo T,Satoshi H.Measurement of temperature in boilers using acoustic sensors.SICE,1998,109A:185-192.
[24]邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量.控制与决策,1999,14(2):121-124.
[25]Kleppe J.A.The measurement of combustion gas temperature using acoustic pyromrtry.Proceeding 33rd Annual Power Instruments Symposium,America(ISA):Toronto,1990.
[26]何其伟,於正前,李言钦等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置.自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42-45.
[27]Kleppe J.A,Fadali S,Lapolla M.H et al.High Temperature Gas Measurements in Combustors Using Acoustic Pyrometry Methods.Proceedings of the International Instrumentation Symposium,2001,47:441-449.
[28]刘立云,田丰,李治壮等.基于互相关技术的声波飞行时间测量系统的设计与实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005,22(1):57-59.
[29]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.声学法重建炉内温度场的算法研究.锅炉技术,2005,36(6):52-55.
[30]田丰,孙小平,邓福军等.声学法电站锅炉温度场重建算法的研究与比较.量子电子学报,2003,20(5):607-612.
[31]Yan H,Li Z L,Chen G N.Acoustic temperature reconstruction algorithm based on regularized exponential approach.Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Measurement and Control of Granular Materials,Shanghai,China:2006:308-312.
[32]向阳.基于互相关延时估计的波速估计方法.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(5):63-65.
[33]Ewan B.C.R,Ireland S.N.Error reduction study employing a pseudo-random binary sequence for use in acoustic pyrometry of gases.University of Sheffield,2000.
[34]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[35]Ifeachor E.C.数字信号处理实践方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[36]汪卉琴,刘目楼.数值分析.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[37]李根强.基于三次样条插值的采样数据光滑曲线形成法.计算技术与自动化,2001,20(1):59-62.
[38]黄文.一种高效的插值算法.陕西工学院学报,2002,18(1):30-32.
[39]王艳莉.插值算法应用在图像缩放中的研究.烟台教育学院学报,2005,11(1):31-33.
[40]陈文略,王子羊.三次样条插值在工程拟合中的应用.华中师范大学学报,2004,38(4):418-422.
[41]刘虓,翁长俭.基于三次样条插值函数的船体型线积分方法.广东造船,2006,1:14-17.
[42]黄旭明.三次多项式局部插值样条.福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,13(1):21-24.
[43]薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[44]王家文,曹宇.MATLAB 6.5图形图像处理.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[45]求是科技.MATLAB 7.0从入门到精通.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
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