企业集成创新及其评价研究
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摘要
集成创新问题正成为当代技术创新理论深化发展的一个学术前沿问题,也是我国提出增强自主创新能力的一项重要内容。然而,集成创新却是我国企业技术创新活动的一个薄弱环节,也是我国企业自主创新能力不强的原因之一。因此,深入探讨企业集成创新问题,不仅颇有理论意义,也极具实际价值。面对这个富于挑战性的问题,这里把技术创新理论、战略管理理论、系统理论等相关学科理论结合起来,从分析我国企业技术创新存在的一些问题入手,在总结国内外有关集成创新研究成果的基础上,界定企业集成创新的概念,并从战略集成、要素集成和组织集成各个层面构建企业集成创新体系,进而探讨企业集成创新系统的评价问题。
通过对目前有关技术创新及集成创新各种概念的比较、概括与提炼,阐发了作为自主创新模式的企业集成创新的概念。以企业集成创新的概念为“细胞”,构建了由资源要素、技术战略、内外组织三个层面协同创新组成的企业集成创新系统运行的理论框架与分析模型。分析企业集成创新系统的形成、功能实现、稳定和适应进化机制,建立企业集成创新的集成平台。
研究企业集成创新系统各集成层面的实现机制。在战略集成层面,借助战略管理理论,通过企业经营战略(竞争战略、要素战略)、成长战略的分析,建立以企业成长战略为纵轴、以竞争战略和要素战略为另外两轴的企业三维战略集成模型,解决集成创新战略定位问题。并引入OK决策理论,建立企业集成创新战略决策模型,使其成为企业集成创新的先导。在要素集成层面,研究企业集成创新过程中的人、资金、技术和知识等要素集成和各要素间的集成,消除创新过程中各要素之间的冲突,实现企业集成创新系统的核心功能。在组织集成层面,建立企业集成创新的组织集成分析模型,讨论企业集成创新的组织集成模式,分析组织集成中的界面层次和结构,建立基于模糊控制的组织集成界面管理模型和基于信息技术的协调管理模型,并探讨了组织集成界面管理机制,以充发挥组织集成层面的载体作用。
类比于生物学中的生态位理论,提出了企业集成创新系统生态位的概念,并将企业集成创新系统的生态位解剖为企业集成创新系统的生存力、发展力和竞争力三个层面,建立基于生态位的企业集成创新系统的评价指标体系。并以某手机企业为例,利用改进的AHP法和综合模糊评价,对该企业集成创新系统评价进行实证研究。
With the development of technological innovation theory, the question of integrated innovation is becoming a learning forward question and an important content of our country's swelling the ability of independence innovation. Whereas, integrated innovation is a weak tache in the process of our country's enterprises'technological innovation and one of the reason why our country's enterprises'the abilities of independence innovation are not strong. Therefore, there is great theoretical and realistic meaning to go deep into discussing the question of enterprises' integrated innovation. Facing the challenging question, this paper integrates the theory of technological innovation, the theory of strategic management, system theory together, and analyzes some questions of our country's enterprises' technological innovation. On the basis of the existent theory research, the paper provides a definition of enterprise's integrated innovation and constructs the integrated innovation system according to strategic integration, organizational integration and element integration and discusses the evaluation of enterprise's integrated innovation.
Through comparing, generalizing and abstracting the actual conceptions of technological innovation and integrated innovation, the paper expounds the conception of enterprises' integrated innovation as the mode of independence innovation. Looking the conception of enterprises' integrated innovation as cell, the author builds an operating mode theory framework and an analysis mode of enterprises' integrated innovation system which is composed of the resource factors, technology tactic and internal and external organization. The paper analyzes the mechanism of formation, function realization, stabilization and adapting evolution of enterprise's integrated innovation system, and establishes integrated flat of enterprise's integrated innovation.
Analyzing enterprise operation strategy including competiton strategy and element strategy, the paper establishes three-dimensional integration model with enterprise progress as y-axis and competition strategy and element strategy as x-coordinate and z-coordinate respectively, which resolve the problem of integrated innovation orientation. With "OK" theory introduced, strategy decision-making model of enterprise's integrated innovation is established and becomes the direction of enterprise's integrated innovation. On the lay of element integration, the paper studies element integration incluing personnel, capital, technology and knowledge integrations and relation integration among elements in the process of enterprise's integrated innovation, which eliminates conflicts among elements. Therefore, kernel function of integrated innovation system is realized. On the lay of organizational integration, the paper establishes organizational integration analysis mode of enterprises'integrated innovation, discusses organizational integrated pattern, analyzes the interface arrangement and framework of organizational integration, set up interface management model based on fuzzy control and harmonize management model based on information technology, and discusses the integrated organization operating mechanism in order to exert the carrier function of organizational integration.
Similar to Ecological niche theory, the paper defines the niche of enterprises'integrated innovation system, and divideds it into three lays of livability, development and competiton. Taking, for instance, some mobile telephone corporation, the paper evaluates the system of enterprise's integrated innovation using improved AHP method and integrated illegibility evaluation.
Using the integrated model which is composed of science and technology lay model and R&D quadrant model as the base point of enterprises'integrated innovation strategy and combining the common understand of enterprises' integrated innovation system, this paper puts forward some measures to realize enterprises'integrated innovation from two aspects of enterprises and government.
通过对目前有关技术创新及集成创新各种概念的比较、概括与提炼,阐发了作为自主创新模式的企业集成创新的概念。以企业集成创新的概念为“细胞”,构建了由资源要素、技术战略、内外组织三个层面协同创新组成的企业集成创新系统运行的理论框架与分析模型。分析企业集成创新系统的形成、功能实现、稳定和适应进化机制,建立企业集成创新的集成平台。
研究企业集成创新系统各集成层面的实现机制。在战略集成层面,借助战略管理理论,通过企业经营战略(竞争战略、要素战略)、成长战略的分析,建立以企业成长战略为纵轴、以竞争战略和要素战略为另外两轴的企业三维战略集成模型,解决集成创新战略定位问题。并引入OK决策理论,建立企业集成创新战略决策模型,使其成为企业集成创新的先导。在要素集成层面,研究企业集成创新过程中的人、资金、技术和知识等要素集成和各要素间的集成,消除创新过程中各要素之间的冲突,实现企业集成创新系统的核心功能。在组织集成层面,建立企业集成创新的组织集成分析模型,讨论企业集成创新的组织集成模式,分析组织集成中的界面层次和结构,建立基于模糊控制的组织集成界面管理模型和基于信息技术的协调管理模型,并探讨了组织集成界面管理机制,以充发挥组织集成层面的载体作用。
类比于生物学中的生态位理论,提出了企业集成创新系统生态位的概念,并将企业集成创新系统的生态位解剖为企业集成创新系统的生存力、发展力和竞争力三个层面,建立基于生态位的企业集成创新系统的评价指标体系。并以某手机企业为例,利用改进的AHP法和综合模糊评价,对该企业集成创新系统评价进行实证研究。
With the development of technological innovation theory, the question of integrated innovation is becoming a learning forward question and an important content of our country's swelling the ability of independence innovation. Whereas, integrated innovation is a weak tache in the process of our country's enterprises'technological innovation and one of the reason why our country's enterprises'the abilities of independence innovation are not strong. Therefore, there is great theoretical and realistic meaning to go deep into discussing the question of enterprises' integrated innovation. Facing the challenging question, this paper integrates the theory of technological innovation, the theory of strategic management, system theory together, and analyzes some questions of our country's enterprises' technological innovation. On the basis of the existent theory research, the paper provides a definition of enterprise's integrated innovation and constructs the integrated innovation system according to strategic integration, organizational integration and element integration and discusses the evaluation of enterprise's integrated innovation.
Through comparing, generalizing and abstracting the actual conceptions of technological innovation and integrated innovation, the paper expounds the conception of enterprises' integrated innovation as the mode of independence innovation. Looking the conception of enterprises' integrated innovation as cell, the author builds an operating mode theory framework and an analysis mode of enterprises' integrated innovation system which is composed of the resource factors, technology tactic and internal and external organization. The paper analyzes the mechanism of formation, function realization, stabilization and adapting evolution of enterprise's integrated innovation system, and establishes integrated flat of enterprise's integrated innovation.
Analyzing enterprise operation strategy including competiton strategy and element strategy, the paper establishes three-dimensional integration model with enterprise progress as y-axis and competition strategy and element strategy as x-coordinate and z-coordinate respectively, which resolve the problem of integrated innovation orientation. With "OK" theory introduced, strategy decision-making model of enterprise's integrated innovation is established and becomes the direction of enterprise's integrated innovation. On the lay of element integration, the paper studies element integration incluing personnel, capital, technology and knowledge integrations and relation integration among elements in the process of enterprise's integrated innovation, which eliminates conflicts among elements. Therefore, kernel function of integrated innovation system is realized. On the lay of organizational integration, the paper establishes organizational integration analysis mode of enterprises'integrated innovation, discusses organizational integrated pattern, analyzes the interface arrangement and framework of organizational integration, set up interface management model based on fuzzy control and harmonize management model based on information technology, and discusses the integrated organization operating mechanism in order to exert the carrier function of organizational integration.
Similar to Ecological niche theory, the paper defines the niche of enterprises'integrated innovation system, and divideds it into three lays of livability, development and competiton. Taking, for instance, some mobile telephone corporation, the paper evaluates the system of enterprise's integrated innovation using improved AHP method and integrated illegibility evaluation.
Using the integrated model which is composed of science and technology lay model and R&D quadrant model as the base point of enterprises'integrated innovation strategy and combining the common understand of enterprises' integrated innovation system, this paper puts forward some measures to realize enterprises'integrated innovation from two aspects of enterprises and government.
引文
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