我国企业核心竞争力的培育研究
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摘要
当今社会已是知识经济时代，知识经济的特点必将会对企业的核心竞争力构建产生深远影响。本文从一个系统的角度出发，结合中国企业核心竞争力的现状，认为中国企业核心竞争力的构建必须从一个全新的角度去考虑。企业的核心竞争力应该是一个动态的平衡系统。该系统是一个以学习、创新为基本内核的企业某种关键资源或关键能力的组合，是能够使企业，行业和国家在一定时期内保持现实或潜在竞争优势的动态平衡系统。该系统分为三个部分，有内核、次核、外核构成。内核为组织的学习和创新能力；次核为随市场变化自由伸缩的企业相关能力；外核为企业所处的行业环境和竞争对手。
现阶段关于企业核心竞争力的研究，我们应该用一种全新的视角来观察企业核心力的新特点，从动态平衡系统的理论出发，运用系统的观点来构建企业的核心竞争力，企业的核心竞争力不是单一能力或技能，而是由不同层次、主辅相助的能力体系组成，构成一个系统。从而体现出一个企业的整体优势。企业目标的实现程度，不止决定于某一单方面的能力，与构成核心竞争力的诸能力体系的完善与否，也会影响企业的竞争优势。同时企业自身的核心竞争力体系的优势、劣势对比及于竞争对手的位势差，都会不同程度上影响企业优势的发挥。诸如多方面优势显著的企业，仍有可能因为能力体系某一方面的显著劣势而葬送企业竞争优势。如同链条总是在最薄弱的一环断裂一样。同时，构成企业核心竞争力的各个要素，在时间、空间上的不同组合，要随着企业发展阶段和处的环境的变化而变化。对市场保持灵敏的适应性。同时必须保持整个能力体统的动态平衡。否则，会发生木桶效应，使整个能力系统的效能因其中某个别最薄弱的环节而被降低，甚至是整个能力系统不能有效运转。
本文将着重对构成企业核心竞争力的三个部分进行分析。首先从学习、创新能力对构建核心竞争力的重要性入手，分析企业学习、创新能力的培养的方法；并认为创新也是一个系统工程，可以分为：观念创新、管理创新、技术创新、市场创新、组织创新等；其次，论述随市场变化自由伸缩的企业相关能力，并从战略决策能力、组织协调能力、市场营销能力、生产制造能力等方面加以论述；最后，对企业所处的外部环境进行分析；主要包括行业分析和竞争对手分析。
Now the society has been knowledge-based economy ages that core competencies that characteristics, the knowledge-based economy will set up the profound influence in creation to the business enterprise necessarily, setting out from an angle of system, the present condition of the combinative Chinese business enterprise core competencies, think that the Chinese business enterprise core competencies set up and must consider from an all new angle. The core competencies of the business enterprise should be a dynamic equilibrium system. That system is the combination between a certain key in a business enterprise for then studying, creatively for basic inside core resources or key ability, is a dynamic equilibrium to enable the business enterprise, profession keeps with nation in certain and periodly realistic or latent competitive advantage system. That system is divided into three parts, having the inside core, time core, outside core. The inside core is a built-up study with creative ability; time core is with
the market to change the related ability in business enterprise that freedom stretch and shrinking .The outside core is the profession environment of the business enterprise with the rival.
The core competencies of the business enterprise is not one an ability or technical abilities, but the ability to have different level of structure, lord assist to help each other system constitutes, constituting a system. From but appears a the advantage of the whole of business enterprise. The business enterprise target realizes degree, do not know the decision in some an unilateral ability, and constitute the Various ability system of the core competencies perfect or not, also will affect the competitive advantage of the business enterprise. The advantage, bad situation of the core competencies system of the business enterprise oneself contrasts and is certainly bad in of the rival at the same time, would different degree last the influence business enterprise advantage develops.
Show the business enterprise of the such as the various advantage,
may still ruin the business enterprise competitive advantage because the ability system is some on the other hand of show the bad situation .The as if chain is always at the most weak a the wreath breaks .At the same time, constitute the each main factor of the business enterprise core competencies, on time, space of different combination, want to be along with the business enterprise to develop the stage with the environmental variety of the place but variety. Keeps to the market intelligent adaptability
Must keep at the same time the dynamic equilibrium of whole ability convention. Otherwise, will take place the wooden pail effect, make the effect of whole ability system lowered because of the most weak link in among them some individual, even is whole ability system to can't revolves effectively.
This text will emphasize to proceeding the analysis to three parts of the composing business enterprise core competencies. First from the study, creative ability to set up the core competencies of to pass the importance commences, analyzing business enterprise study, creative the method that ability educates; And think the creative is also a system engineering, can is divided into: The idea is creative and manage creative, technique creative, culture creative, organize creative etc. ;The next in order, the treatise changes the related ability in business enterprise that freedom stretch and shrink with the market, combining to makes policy the ability and organizes from the strategy coordination ability, market marketing ability, produce the reaction ability light silk of the system takes into the treatise; Finally, proceeding the analysis to the exterior environment of the business enterprise. Including the rival analysis primarily to analyze with the profession.
现阶段关于企业核心竞争力的研究，我们应该用一种全新的视角来观察企业核心力的新特点，从动态平衡系统的理论出发，运用系统的观点来构建企业的核心竞争力，企业的核心竞争力不是单一能力或技能，而是由不同层次、主辅相助的能力体系组成，构成一个系统。从而体现出一个企业的整体优势。企业目标的实现程度，不止决定于某一单方面的能力，与构成核心竞争力的诸能力体系的完善与否，也会影响企业的竞争优势。同时企业自身的核心竞争力体系的优势、劣势对比及于竞争对手的位势差，都会不同程度上影响企业优势的发挥。诸如多方面优势显著的企业，仍有可能因为能力体系某一方面的显著劣势而葬送企业竞争优势。如同链条总是在最薄弱的一环断裂一样。同时，构成企业核心竞争力的各个要素，在时间、空间上的不同组合，要随着企业发展阶段和处的环境的变化而变化。对市场保持灵敏的适应性。同时必须保持整个能力体统的动态平衡。否则，会发生木桶效应，使整个能力系统的效能因其中某个别最薄弱的环节而被降低，甚至是整个能力系统不能有效运转。
本文将着重对构成企业核心竞争力的三个部分进行分析。首先从学习、创新能力对构建核心竞争力的重要性入手，分析企业学习、创新能力的培养的方法；并认为创新也是一个系统工程，可以分为：观念创新、管理创新、技术创新、市场创新、组织创新等；其次，论述随市场变化自由伸缩的企业相关能力，并从战略决策能力、组织协调能力、市场营销能力、生产制造能力等方面加以论述；最后，对企业所处的外部环境进行分析；主要包括行业分析和竞争对手分析。
Now the society has been knowledge-based economy ages that core competencies that characteristics, the knowledge-based economy will set up the profound influence in creation to the business enterprise necessarily, setting out from an angle of system, the present condition of the combinative Chinese business enterprise core competencies, think that the Chinese business enterprise core competencies set up and must consider from an all new angle. The core competencies of the business enterprise should be a dynamic equilibrium system. That system is the combination between a certain key in a business enterprise for then studying, creatively for basic inside core resources or key ability, is a dynamic equilibrium to enable the business enterprise, profession keeps with nation in certain and periodly realistic or latent competitive advantage system. That system is divided into three parts, having the inside core, time core, outside core. The inside core is a built-up study with creative ability; time core is with
the market to change the related ability in business enterprise that freedom stretch and shrinking .The outside core is the profession environment of the business enterprise with the rival.
The core competencies of the business enterprise is not one an ability or technical abilities, but the ability to have different level of structure, lord assist to help each other system constitutes, constituting a system. From but appears a the advantage of the whole of business enterprise. The business enterprise target realizes degree, do not know the decision in some an unilateral ability, and constitute the Various ability system of the core competencies perfect or not, also will affect the competitive advantage of the business enterprise. The advantage, bad situation of the core competencies system of the business enterprise oneself contrasts and is certainly bad in of the rival at the same time, would different degree last the influence business enterprise advantage develops.
Show the business enterprise of the such as the various advantage,
may still ruin the business enterprise competitive advantage because the ability system is some on the other hand of show the bad situation .The as if chain is always at the most weak a the wreath breaks .At the same time, constitute the each main factor of the business enterprise core competencies, on time, space of different combination, want to be along with the business enterprise to develop the stage with the environmental variety of the place but variety. Keeps to the market intelligent adaptability
Must keep at the same time the dynamic equilibrium of whole ability convention. Otherwise, will take place the wooden pail effect, make the effect of whole ability system lowered because of the most weak link in among them some individual, even is whole ability system to can't revolves effectively.
This text will emphasize to proceeding the analysis to three parts of the composing business enterprise core competencies. First from the study, creative ability to set up the core competencies of to pass the importance commences, analyzing business enterprise study, creative the method that ability educates; And think the creative is also a system engineering, can is divided into: The idea is creative and manage creative, technique creative, culture creative, organize creative etc. ;The next in order, the treatise changes the related ability in business enterprise that freedom stretch and shrink with the market, combining to makes policy the ability and organizes from the strategy coordination ability, market marketing ability, produce the reaction ability light silk of the system takes into the treatise; Finally, proceeding the analysis to the exterior environment of the business enterprise. Including the rival analysis primarily to analyze with the profession.
引文
[1]、宁建新．企业核心竞争力的构建与提升．北京．中国物资出版社 2002．31-33
[2]、单红梅．我国企业核心竞争力现状及对策分析．江苏大学学报．2002(4)．118-121
[3]、于建原．企业核心竞争力．企业活力．2003(3)．22-23
[4]、沈西林．创新是提高企业核心竞争力的关键．昆明理工大学学报．2003(2)．49-52
[5]、余伟萍、陈维政．中国企业核心竞争力要素实证研究．社会科学战线．2003(5)．82-89
[6]、宫秀芳．经济全球化迫切需要企业增强核心竞争力．党政干部学刊．2003(1)．15-16
[7]、MichealBorrusandJohnZysman,WintelismandtheChangingTermsofGlobalCompetition:PrototypefortheFuture,BerkeleyRoundtableonInternationaIEconomyWorkingPaper.Feb. 1997
[8]、陈晓建．企业管理创新图解．合肥．中国科学出版社．2000．32-37
[9]、李品媛．企业核心竞争力研究．经济科学出版社．2003．57-87
[10]、杨洁．企业创新论．经济管理出版社．1999．110-117
[11]、迈克尔·A·希特．战略管理—竞争与全球化．北京．机械工业出版社．2002．39-82
[12]、王树林．试论国有企业创新．中国林业企业．2003(4)．41-44
[13]、傅家骥、姜彦福．技术创新．北京．企业管理出版社．1992．13-19
[14]、杨怀锡．企业战略管理．高等教育出版社．1999．43-68
[15]、张锋．当代组织创新的理论及其应用意义．云南师范大学学报．2003(4)7-9
[16]、陈智勇．新经济时代企业创新环境分析．企业经济．2003(9)．5-7
[17]、张国臣．管理组织创新必须以人为本做到“三个建立”．河南大学学报．2003(3)．124-127
[18]、赵平法．浅议企业管理与创新．科技情报开发与经济．2003(3)．240-241
[19]、菲利普·科特勒．营销管理．上海人民出版社．1999．267-295
[20]、岳兴录、张忠怀．市场营销决策的策划．辽宁经济．1997(1)．18-20
[21]、徐二明、胥悦红．新经济的由来及特点．现代管理科学．2003(5)．3-5
[22]、巢来克、卢智健、陶力一．面向知识经济的企业核心能力问题探讨．经济问题．1999(4)．52-57
[23]、张成考．企业核心竞争力．现代管理科学．2000(1)．15-18
[24]、管益忻．论企业核心竞争力．中国经济出版社．2000．69-75
[25]、夏承禹．中国企业技术创新模式初探．中国科技产业．1997(7)56-61
[26]、夏德林．对技术创新问题的几个认识．科技进步．1998(4)26-29
[29]、Prahalad.C.K,andHamel.G.TheCoreCompetenceoftheCorporation[J].HarvardBusinessReview1990.May
[30]、高路，等．技术创新：以专为先．经济日报．2000-8-23．
[31]、周进，等．企业技术创新过程研究．企业管理．1995(12)32-35
[32]、张光建．我国企业核心竞争力的培育．经济师．2000(5)．25-29
[33]、李治国．企业核心竞争力的的提升．经济管理．2001(4)．36-38
[34]、曾庆学、龚敏．试论企业战略理论的演变与新发展．商业研究．2000(3)22-26
[35]、李品媛．论企业核心竞争力与企业外部成长模式．当代财经．2001(10)
[36]、王磊、刘洪涛、李垣．当代企业战略研究的理论基础综述．经济学动态．1999
[37]、周星、张文涛．企业核心能力培育与创造持续竞争优势．经济与管理研究．1999
[38]、徐二明、王智慧．企业战略管理理论的发展与流派．首都经济贸易大学学报．1999
[2]、单红梅．我国企业核心竞争力现状及对策分析．江苏大学学报．2002(4)．118-121
[3]、于建原．企业核心竞争力．企业活力．2003(3)．22-23
[4]、沈西林．创新是提高企业核心竞争力的关键．昆明理工大学学报．2003(2)．49-52
[5]、余伟萍、陈维政．中国企业核心竞争力要素实证研究．社会科学战线．2003(5)．82-89
[6]、宫秀芳．经济全球化迫切需要企业增强核心竞争力．党政干部学刊．2003(1)．15-16
[7]、MichealBorrusandJohnZysman,WintelismandtheChangingTermsofGlobalCompetition:PrototypefortheFuture,BerkeleyRoundtableonInternationaIEconomyWorkingPaper.Feb. 1997
[8]、陈晓建．企业管理创新图解．合肥．中国科学出版社．2000．32-37
[9]、李品媛．企业核心竞争力研究．经济科学出版社．2003．57-87
[10]、杨洁．企业创新论．经济管理出版社．1999．110-117
[11]、迈克尔·A·希特．战略管理—竞争与全球化．北京．机械工业出版社．2002．39-82
[12]、王树林．试论国有企业创新．中国林业企业．2003(4)．41-44
[13]、傅家骥、姜彦福．技术创新．北京．企业管理出版社．1992．13-19
[14]、杨怀锡．企业战略管理．高等教育出版社．1999．43-68
[15]、张锋．当代组织创新的理论及其应用意义．云南师范大学学报．2003(4)7-9
[16]、陈智勇．新经济时代企业创新环境分析．企业经济．2003(9)．5-7
[17]、张国臣．管理组织创新必须以人为本做到“三个建立”．河南大学学报．2003(3)．124-127
[18]、赵平法．浅议企业管理与创新．科技情报开发与经济．2003(3)．240-241
[19]、菲利普·科特勒．营销管理．上海人民出版社．1999．267-295
[20]、岳兴录、张忠怀．市场营销决策的策划．辽宁经济．1997(1)．18-20
[21]、徐二明、胥悦红．新经济的由来及特点．现代管理科学．2003(5)．3-5
[22]、巢来克、卢智健、陶力一．面向知识经济的企业核心能力问题探讨．经济问题．1999(4)．52-57
[23]、张成考．企业核心竞争力．现代管理科学．2000(1)．15-18
[24]、管益忻．论企业核心竞争力．中国经济出版社．2000．69-75
[25]、夏承禹．中国企业技术创新模式初探．中国科技产业．1997(7)56-61
[26]、夏德林．对技术创新问题的几个认识．科技进步．1998(4)26-29
[29]、Prahalad.C.K,andHamel.G.TheCoreCompetenceoftheCorporation[J].HarvardBusinessReview1990.May
[30]、高路，等．技术创新：以专为先．经济日报．2000-8-23．
[31]、周进，等．企业技术创新过程研究．企业管理．1995(12)32-35
[32]、张光建．我国企业核心竞争力的培育．经济师．2000(5)．25-29
[33]、李治国．企业核心竞争力的的提升．经济管理．2001(4)．36-38
[34]、曾庆学、龚敏．试论企业战略理论的演变与新发展．商业研究．2000(3)22-26
[35]、李品媛．论企业核心竞争力与企业外部成长模式．当代财经．2001(10)
[36]、王磊、刘洪涛、李垣．当代企业战略研究的理论基础综述．经济学动态．1999
[37]、周星、张文涛．企业核心能力培育与创造持续竞争优势．经济与管理研究．1999
[38]、徐二明、王智慧．企业战略管理理论的发展与流派．首都经济贸易大学学报．1999