哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略研究
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摘要
随着国际经济一体化趋势的加强,专利竞争已成为科技竞争和经济竞争的一个战略制高点,专利战略也已经成为高新技术产业提高技术创新能力,培育核心竞争力的重要手段,因此研究高新技术产业专利战略十分必要。新材料产业是哈尔滨市重点发展的高新技术产业之一,也是“哈大齐工业走廊”建设的重点扶持产业。因此,哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略研究具有重大的理论和现实意义。
本文将专利战略研究分为动态跟踪、信息收集、信息分析、战略设计和战略监控五个阶段。在动态跟踪阶段,对专利战略内涵、研究理论基础以及高新技术产业专利战略发展现状进行综述,同时全面分析国内外新材料产业的发展现状。在信息收集阶段,从信息检索和实地调研两方面对哈尔滨新材料产业专利现状进行系统分析,并总结存在的不足和问题。在战略分析阶段,重点运用比较分析和专利地图两种分析方法,一方面,设计专利发展水平评价指标体系,运用聚类分析将哈尔滨市与我国其他副省级城市新材料产业专利发展水平进行比较研究;另一方面,利用专利地图分析法,分别制作哈尔滨市新材料产业中结构材料等领域的专利管理地图和专利技术地图。在战略设计阶段,运用改进的战略聚类模型进行哈尔滨市新材料产业总体专利战略选择,形成总体战略运用路径,运用SWOT分析法设计战略实施方案;在专利检索调研及专利地图的分析结果基础上,对哈尔滨市新材料产业各技术领域进行专利战略选择并提出相应的实施思路。在战略监控阶段,提出专利战略监控机制的组成原理,并应用其对哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略进行监控,最后提出保障专利战略顺利实施的对策和建议。本文的研究为哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略的制定和实施提供了可靠的保障,也为我国区域高新技术产业专利战略研究工作提供理论支撑及现实依据。
With the trend of international economic integration, the patent competition has become a strategic mission in the scientific and economic area; patent strategy has turned into the most important measure to improve the tech-innovation ability and cultivate core competence, so it is very necessary to study the patent strategy for high-tech industry. Advanced material industry is one of the most important high-tech industries for Harbin, and it is supported by the program of Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor, so it is very meaningful to study the patent strategy of Harbin advanced material industry from both theory and reality.
The study on patent strategy can be divided into five stages, which are development tracing, information retrieval, information analysis, strategy design, strategy monitoring & controlling. In the stage of development tracing, the connotation and theoretical basis of patent strategy are introduced, at the same time, the development status of advanced material industry in china and abroad is analyzed roundly. In the stage of information retrieval, the patent condition of Harbin advanced material industry is systematically analyzed from both the way of patent researching and investigation on spot, and the weaknesses are summarized. In the stage of information analysis, the ways of comparative analysis and patent map are used; for one thing, the evaluation indicator system of regional patent development is designed, then the comparative analysis is made among the advanced material industries of sub-provincial cities in China, for another, the patent management map and patent technology map of each fields which are consisted of harbin advanced material industry are made. In the stage of strategy design, on one hand, the improved Thompson& Strickland Measure was applied to choose the types of overall patent strategy of Harbin advanced material industry; their application route and implementation program are then formed, on the other hand, according to the analysis results of patent map, the patent strategy choices of every advanced material fields in Harbin are made firstly, then the implementation approaches are formed. In the stage of strategy monitoring & controlling, the constitution principle of mechanism is designed firstly, and makes an empirical research on Harbin advanced material industry, at last countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which ensure the strategy being implemented. The research findings of paper will give a reliable support for the development of advanced material industry in Harbin, at the same time it will provide realistic references and theoretical supports for patent strategy of Hi-tech industry in China as well.
本文将专利战略研究分为动态跟踪、信息收集、信息分析、战略设计和战略监控五个阶段。在动态跟踪阶段,对专利战略内涵、研究理论基础以及高新技术产业专利战略发展现状进行综述,同时全面分析国内外新材料产业的发展现状。在信息收集阶段,从信息检索和实地调研两方面对哈尔滨新材料产业专利现状进行系统分析,并总结存在的不足和问题。在战略分析阶段,重点运用比较分析和专利地图两种分析方法,一方面,设计专利发展水平评价指标体系,运用聚类分析将哈尔滨市与我国其他副省级城市新材料产业专利发展水平进行比较研究;另一方面,利用专利地图分析法,分别制作哈尔滨市新材料产业中结构材料等领域的专利管理地图和专利技术地图。在战略设计阶段,运用改进的战略聚类模型进行哈尔滨市新材料产业总体专利战略选择,形成总体战略运用路径,运用SWOT分析法设计战略实施方案;在专利检索调研及专利地图的分析结果基础上,对哈尔滨市新材料产业各技术领域进行专利战略选择并提出相应的实施思路。在战略监控阶段,提出专利战略监控机制的组成原理,并应用其对哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略进行监控,最后提出保障专利战略顺利实施的对策和建议。本文的研究为哈尔滨市新材料产业专利战略的制定和实施提供了可靠的保障,也为我国区域高新技术产业专利战略研究工作提供理论支撑及现实依据。
With the trend of international economic integration, the patent competition has become a strategic mission in the scientific and economic area; patent strategy has turned into the most important measure to improve the tech-innovation ability and cultivate core competence, so it is very necessary to study the patent strategy for high-tech industry. Advanced material industry is one of the most important high-tech industries for Harbin, and it is supported by the program of Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor, so it is very meaningful to study the patent strategy of Harbin advanced material industry from both theory and reality.
The study on patent strategy can be divided into five stages, which are development tracing, information retrieval, information analysis, strategy design, strategy monitoring & controlling. In the stage of development tracing, the connotation and theoretical basis of patent strategy are introduced, at the same time, the development status of advanced material industry in china and abroad is analyzed roundly. In the stage of information retrieval, the patent condition of Harbin advanced material industry is systematically analyzed from both the way of patent researching and investigation on spot, and the weaknesses are summarized. In the stage of information analysis, the ways of comparative analysis and patent map are used; for one thing, the evaluation indicator system of regional patent development is designed, then the comparative analysis is made among the advanced material industries of sub-provincial cities in China, for another, the patent management map and patent technology map of each fields which are consisted of harbin advanced material industry are made. In the stage of strategy design, on one hand, the improved Thompson& Strickland Measure was applied to choose the types of overall patent strategy of Harbin advanced material industry; their application route and implementation program are then formed, on the other hand, according to the analysis results of patent map, the patent strategy choices of every advanced material fields in Harbin are made firstly, then the implementation approaches are formed. In the stage of strategy monitoring & controlling, the constitution principle of mechanism is designed firstly, and makes an empirical research on Harbin advanced material industry, at last countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which ensure the strategy being implemented. The research findings of paper will give a reliable support for the development of advanced material industry in Harbin, at the same time it will provide realistic references and theoretical supports for patent strategy of Hi-tech industry in China as well.
引文
1 Leonard Berkowitz. Getting the most from your parents. Marxwells, 1989: 5
2 高桥明夫.日立的专利管理.魏启学.专利文献出版社,1990:14
3 斋藤优.发明专利经济学.谢燮正.专利文献出版社,1990:185
4 戚昌文,邵洋.市场竞争与专利战略.华中理工大学出版社,1995:2~4
5 冯晓青.企业知识产权战略.知识产权出版社,2001:58
6 Reitzig M. Strategic Management of Intellectual Property. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2004, 45(3): 35~40
7 Hall B. H., Ziedonis R. M. The Patent Paradox Revisited: An Empirical Study of Patenting in the Semiconductor Industry, 1979-1995. Rand Journal of Economics, 2001, 32(1): 101~128
8 Wernerfelt B. A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 1984, 5(2): 171~180
9 Shapiro C. Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting. Innovation Policy and the Economy, MIT Press, 2001, 1(1): 119~150
10 Teece, D.J., Pisano G.. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 1997, 18(7): 509~53
11 董安然,马跃.西部地区实施专利战略的若干问题研究.软科学,2000,(4):34~36
12 傅长青,颜祥林.专利信息在高新技术产业专利战略中的作用分析.情报探索,2006,(2):103~105
13 杨林村,邓益志,赵立新.国家专利战略研究.知识产权出版社,2004:24
14 中国科学技术促进发展中心《中国产业技术发展》研究组.知识产权与国际竞争—产业技术知识产权战略.中国财政经济出版社,2005:159
15 冯晓青.论高新技术产业的知识产权保护.科技管理研究,2001,(1):48~50
16 滕飞.从国家利益的高度认识知识产权.国际技术经济研究,2004,7(3):17~21
17 国家知识产权局办公室政策研究处.优秀专利调查研究报告集.知识产权出版社,2002:293
18 蒋逊明,朱雪忠.区域性专利战略探析.研究与发展管理.2003,(8):78~82
19 王占国.我国新材料产业的发展.求是杂志,2005,(20):54~56
20 Bessen,J. Patent thickets:strategic patenting of complex technology.Working paper down loadable at http://www.research on innovation, 2003: 2~5
21 Michael E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Free Press, 1990: 154~156
22 刘凤朝,潘雄峰,王元地,朱纳米.15 个副省级城市专利发展状况评价与分析.情报科学,2004,(8):955~959
23 秦寿康.综合评价原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2003:147~149
24 刘林青,夏清华.复杂产品系统背景下的专利战略基本逻辑研究.外国经济与管理,2006,(4):8~15
25 Paci, R. Sassu, A. and Usai, S. International patenting and national technological specialization. Technovation, 1997, (17): 125~38
26 Griliches Z. Patent statistics as ecnomic indicators: a survey. Journal of Ecnomic Literature,1990, 28(12): 1661~1707
27 Mogee M. Using patent data for technology analysis and planning. Research-Technology Management, 1991, (34): 43~49
28 Hirschy M. and Richardson V. Valuation effocts of patent quality: a comparison for Japanese and U.S.firms. Pacific-Basin Finance Jounal, 2001, (9): 65~82
29 翟东升,王明吉.基于专利地图理论的专利分析系统研究.情报杂志,2006,(3):5~9
30 Grandstrand O. The Economics and Management of Intellectual Property: Toward Intellectual Capitalism. Edward Elgar, 1999: 153~160
31 吴新银,刘平.专利地图研究初探.研究与发展管理,2003,(10):88~92
32 刘平,张静,戚昌文.专利技术图制作方法实证分析.科研管理,2006,(11):109~117
33 戚昌文,邵洋.市场竞争与专利战略.华中理工大学出版社,1995,(1):132~133
34 Rajiv P. Patel. Developing a Patent strategy--A Checklist for getting started, 2004: 55~57
35 刘志强,朱东华,靳霞.企业专利战略与技术监测理论研究.情报杂志,2006,(7):65~70
36 徐晟,赵惠芳,谢玮.城市专利战略特征及层次分析.华东经济管理,2005,(3):18~21
37 王楠.论中国企业专利战略的困境.商业研究,2006,(16):98~101
38 Thompson, Strickland. Strategic Management: Concepts and cases. McGraw Hill, 2001: 44~48
39 杨锡怀.企业战略管理.高等教育出版社,1999:191~192
40 Dawat N, etal. Competing with Giants. Harward Business Review. 1999, (4): 101~104
41 翁建兴,罗建华.企业知识产权战略模式和类型的选择.科技管理研究,2006,(7):168~170
42 冯晓青.企业知识产权战略.北京:知识产权出版社,2001:70~89
43 刘凤朝,潘雄峰,王元地.企业专利战略理论研究.商业研究,2005,(13):16~19
44 徐明华,包海波.知识产权强国之路——国际知识产权战略研究.知识产权出版社,2003:80~83
45 陈昌柏.知识产权经济学.北京大学出版社,2003:121~156
46 Taylor.C and Silkerstor. The Economic Impact of the Patent System. Cambridge university Press, 1992: 34~40
47 刘华.知识产权制度的理性与绩效分析.中国社会科学出版社,2004:22
48 刘树,李荣平.科技进步综合评价研究.河北大学出版社,2000:51~106
49 Watal.Jayashree. pharmaceutical patents, Prices and Welfare Losses. The World Economy, 2000, (5): 9~11
50 Robert M.Sherwood. The TRIPS Agreement:Benefits and Costs For Developing Countries. International Journal of Technology Management, 2002, (7): 82~84
51 W.Ritchey. The IP Asset Oracle. Managing Intellectual Property, 2000, (6): 17~18
52 袁界平,陶用之.江苏省信息产业实施专利战略中的主要问题与对策.科技管理研究,2006,(6):152~155
53 王宏起,王雪原,王珊珊.产学研联盟:黑龙江省自主创新的重要模式.中国科技论坛,2006,(4):16~18
2 高桥明夫.日立的专利管理.魏启学.专利文献出版社,1990:14
3 斋藤优.发明专利经济学.谢燮正.专利文献出版社,1990:185
4 戚昌文,邵洋.市场竞争与专利战略.华中理工大学出版社,1995:2~4
5 冯晓青.企业知识产权战略.知识产权出版社,2001:58
6 Reitzig M. Strategic Management of Intellectual Property. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2004, 45(3): 35~40
7 Hall B. H., Ziedonis R. M. The Patent Paradox Revisited: An Empirical Study of Patenting in the Semiconductor Industry, 1979-1995. Rand Journal of Economics, 2001, 32(1): 101~128
8 Wernerfelt B. A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 1984, 5(2): 171~180
9 Shapiro C. Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting. Innovation Policy and the Economy, MIT Press, 2001, 1(1): 119~150
10 Teece, D.J., Pisano G.. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 1997, 18(7): 509~53
11 董安然,马跃.西部地区实施专利战略的若干问题研究.软科学,2000,(4):34~36
12 傅长青,颜祥林.专利信息在高新技术产业专利战略中的作用分析.情报探索,2006,(2):103~105
13 杨林村,邓益志,赵立新.国家专利战略研究.知识产权出版社,2004:24
14 中国科学技术促进发展中心《中国产业技术发展》研究组.知识产权与国际竞争—产业技术知识产权战略.中国财政经济出版社,2005:159
15 冯晓青.论高新技术产业的知识产权保护.科技管理研究,2001,(1):48~50
16 滕飞.从国家利益的高度认识知识产权.国际技术经济研究,2004,7(3):17~21
17 国家知识产权局办公室政策研究处.优秀专利调查研究报告集.知识产权出版社,2002:293
18 蒋逊明,朱雪忠.区域性专利战略探析.研究与发展管理.2003,(8):78~82
19 王占国.我国新材料产业的发展.求是杂志,2005,(20):54~56
20 Bessen,J. Patent thickets:strategic patenting of complex technology.Working paper down loadable at http://www.research on innovation, 2003: 2~5
21 Michael E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Free Press, 1990: 154~156
22 刘凤朝,潘雄峰,王元地,朱纳米.15 个副省级城市专利发展状况评价与分析.情报科学,2004,(8):955~959
23 秦寿康.综合评价原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2003:147~149
24 刘林青,夏清华.复杂产品系统背景下的专利战略基本逻辑研究.外国经济与管理,2006,(4):8~15
25 Paci, R. Sassu, A. and Usai, S. International patenting and national technological specialization. Technovation, 1997, (17): 125~38
26 Griliches Z. Patent statistics as ecnomic indicators: a survey. Journal of Ecnomic Literature,1990, 28(12): 1661~1707
27 Mogee M. Using patent data for technology analysis and planning. Research-Technology Management, 1991, (34): 43~49
28 Hirschy M. and Richardson V. Valuation effocts of patent quality: a comparison for Japanese and U.S.firms. Pacific-Basin Finance Jounal, 2001, (9): 65~82
29 翟东升,王明吉.基于专利地图理论的专利分析系统研究.情报杂志,2006,(3):5~9
30 Grandstrand O. The Economics and Management of Intellectual Property: Toward Intellectual Capitalism. Edward Elgar, 1999: 153~160
31 吴新银,刘平.专利地图研究初探.研究与发展管理,2003,(10):88~92
32 刘平,张静,戚昌文.专利技术图制作方法实证分析.科研管理,2006,(11):109~117
33 戚昌文,邵洋.市场竞争与专利战略.华中理工大学出版社,1995,(1):132~133
34 Rajiv P. Patel. Developing a Patent strategy--A Checklist for getting started, 2004: 55~57
35 刘志强,朱东华,靳霞.企业专利战略与技术监测理论研究.情报杂志,2006,(7):65~70
36 徐晟,赵惠芳,谢玮.城市专利战略特征及层次分析.华东经济管理,2005,(3):18~21
37 王楠.论中国企业专利战略的困境.商业研究,2006,(16):98~101
38 Thompson, Strickland. Strategic Management: Concepts and cases. McGraw Hill, 2001: 44~48
39 杨锡怀.企业战略管理.高等教育出版社,1999:191~192
40 Dawat N, etal. Competing with Giants. Harward Business Review. 1999, (4): 101~104
41 翁建兴,罗建华.企业知识产权战略模式和类型的选择.科技管理研究,2006,(7):168~170
42 冯晓青.企业知识产权战略.北京:知识产权出版社,2001:70~89
43 刘凤朝,潘雄峰,王元地.企业专利战略理论研究.商业研究,2005,(13):16~19
44 徐明华,包海波.知识产权强国之路——国际知识产权战略研究.知识产权出版社,2003:80~83
45 陈昌柏.知识产权经济学.北京大学出版社,2003:121~156
46 Taylor.C and Silkerstor. The Economic Impact of the Patent System. Cambridge university Press, 1992: 34~40
47 刘华.知识产权制度的理性与绩效分析.中国社会科学出版社,2004:22
48 刘树,李荣平.科技进步综合评价研究.河北大学出版社,2000:51~106
49 Watal.Jayashree. pharmaceutical patents, Prices and Welfare Losses. The World Economy, 2000, (5): 9~11
50 Robert M.Sherwood. The TRIPS Agreement:Benefits and Costs For Developing Countries. International Journal of Technology Management, 2002, (7): 82~84
51 W.Ritchey. The IP Asset Oracle. Managing Intellectual Property, 2000, (6): 17~18
52 袁界平,陶用之.江苏省信息产业实施专利战略中的主要问题与对策.科技管理研究,2006,(6):152~155
53 王宏起,王雪原,王珊珊.产学研联盟:黑龙江省自主创新的重要模式.中国科技论坛,2006,(4):16~18