基于CAN总线的航空电缆测试系统分布机设计
摘要
航空电缆是飞机的神经系统,连接着飞机电气、航电、通信和操纵等各系统,输送动力电源、传递控制信号和数据信息给飞机各系统。航空电缆系统电气环境复杂、潜在性故障多,许多空难事故和飞行器故障都直接或间接与电缆系统有关。因此在飞机装配和维修过程中实现整机电缆的检测、故障判断以及故障定位对保证飞机质量和飞行安全具有非常重要的意义。
本课题研究的基于CAN总线的分布式航空电缆测试系统,能够实现对整机电缆的短路、断路、绝缘和耐压故障进行检测以及对二极管、继电器、开关等电子电气元件的可靠性进行测试,并对故障点进行精确定位;系统的分布机采取模块化设计,每个分布机有多达1520点的测试容量,可多点激励,测试速度快;系统测试容量大,且扩展方便。
本文首先分析了航空电缆测试系统的国内外现状及其常用的测试方法,在此基础上提出基于CAN总线的分布式航空电缆测试系统的总体设计方案;详细介绍以ARM微控制器为核心的分布机的设计,给出CAN控制器模块,故障测试和定位模块以及大规模矩阵开关模块的原理分析并进行了硬件设计;给出系统软件和分布机软件设计总体方案以及分布机各软件模块的详细设计。
论文中所设计的控制功能在Easy ARM2200实验平台进行了验证,CPLD的设计通过QuartusⅡ软件的仿真验证,均满足预定功能。
Aviation cable is the nervous system of an aircraft. It connects with the aircraft electrical, avionics, communications, navigation, and other systems and can transmit power control signal and data information to aircraft parts. The electrical environment of the aviation cable system is complex and has many potential failures; many aircraft crash incidents and failures are directly or indirectly related with the cable system failures. Therefore, it is very significant for aircraft’s quality and safety to test the cable system, determine and locate fault in the process of aircraft assembly and maintenance.
This subject researched distributed cable test system of aviation based on the CAN bus. It can test the aviation cable short circuit, open circuit, insulation fault, and puncture test detection as well as the diodes, relays, switches and other electrical and electronic component reliability testing. The system facilitated expansion of test capacity, used distributed modular design and each distributed machine had the capacity up to 1520 test points, multi-point excitation and high test speed.
This paper firstly introduced the domestic and international aviation cable test system status and common test methods and presented the overall design of a distributed, based on CAN bus cable test system including design details of distribution machine with ARM micro-controller as core, the CAN controller module, the test system modules, large-scale matrix switch module principles of analysis and hardware design. It gave the overall software design program of the host machine and distributed machine, and focused on distribution machine software development. The control function designed in the thesis was validated through the Easy ARM2200 experimental platform and the design of CPLD used QuartusⅡsoftware to simulate. The design can meet the scheduled requirements.
本课题研究的基于CAN总线的分布式航空电缆测试系统,能够实现对整机电缆的短路、断路、绝缘和耐压故障进行检测以及对二极管、继电器、开关等电子电气元件的可靠性进行测试,并对故障点进行精确定位;系统的分布机采取模块化设计,每个分布机有多达1520点的测试容量,可多点激励,测试速度快;系统测试容量大,且扩展方便。
本文首先分析了航空电缆测试系统的国内外现状及其常用的测试方法,在此基础上提出基于CAN总线的分布式航空电缆测试系统的总体设计方案;详细介绍以ARM微控制器为核心的分布机的设计,给出CAN控制器模块,故障测试和定位模块以及大规模矩阵开关模块的原理分析并进行了硬件设计;给出系统软件和分布机软件设计总体方案以及分布机各软件模块的详细设计。
论文中所设计的控制功能在Easy ARM2200实验平台进行了验证,CPLD的设计通过QuartusⅡ软件的仿真验证,均满足预定功能。
Aviation cable is the nervous system of an aircraft. It connects with the aircraft electrical, avionics, communications, navigation, and other systems and can transmit power control signal and data information to aircraft parts. The electrical environment of the aviation cable system is complex and has many potential failures; many aircraft crash incidents and failures are directly or indirectly related with the cable system failures. Therefore, it is very significant for aircraft’s quality and safety to test the cable system, determine and locate fault in the process of aircraft assembly and maintenance.
This subject researched distributed cable test system of aviation based on the CAN bus. It can test the aviation cable short circuit, open circuit, insulation fault, and puncture test detection as well as the diodes, relays, switches and other electrical and electronic component reliability testing. The system facilitated expansion of test capacity, used distributed modular design and each distributed machine had the capacity up to 1520 test points, multi-point excitation and high test speed.
This paper firstly introduced the domestic and international aviation cable test system status and common test methods and presented the overall design of a distributed, based on CAN bus cable test system including design details of distribution machine with ARM micro-controller as core, the CAN controller module, the test system modules, large-scale matrix switch module principles of analysis and hardware design. It gave the overall software design program of the host machine and distributed machine, and focused on distribution machine software development. The control function designed in the thesis was validated through the Easy ARM2200 experimental platform and the design of CPLD used QuartusⅡsoftware to simulate. The design can meet the scheduled requirements.
引文
[1]罗孝兵,赵转萍.航空电缆故障自动检测集成系统[J].工业控制计算机,2003,16(3):5-7.
[2]杨立树.航空电气系统绝缘故障的研究[硕士学位论文].辽宁,大连理工大学,2008.
[3]Cynthia F.& H. Randy,"Down to the Wire",IEEE Spectrum February 2001.
[4]张俊民,谢华博.飞机电缆绝缘缺陷与故障检测技术及分析[J].航空维修与工程, 2008,1期:26-29.
[5]李立功,年夫顺等.现代电子测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[6]P. Tsai, Y. Chung, C. Lo, and C. Furse, "Mixed signal reflectometer hardware implementation for wire fault location", IEEE Sensors J., vol.5, no. 6, pp. 1479–1482, Dec. 2005.
[7]B. Waddoups, "Analysis of Reflectometry for Detection of Chafed AircraftWiring Insulation", M.S. thesis, Dept. Elect. Comput. Eng., UtahState Univ., Logan, 2001.
[8]蔡军,张婵.基于工控机的航空电缆通用测试系统[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(5):46-47.
[9]罗云林,吴林.航空多芯电缆监测系统设计[J].控制工程,2009,16(3):342-345.
[10]程文等.基于LabVIEW的航空电缆故障检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制,2009,17(3): 446-448.
[11]康峰,王立文.民航飞机专用电缆故障定位仪的设计与实现[J].中国民航学院学报,2002,20(6):6-10.
[12]罗大成,王仕成.基于AT89c52的航空电缆故障测距系统研究和设计[J].弹箭与制导学报,2005,20(4):612-614.
[13]方欣,孙超.基于CAN总线的电缆测试系统节点控制器设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4): 761-764.
[14]张莉莉,杨京礼.分布式飞机电缆通用测试系统设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4):387-390.
[15]王黎明,夏立.CAN现场总线系统的设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[16]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1996.3
[17]薛敏.基于CAN总线的分布式测控系统的设计与研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[18]杜尚丰等.CAN总线测控技术及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[19]饶云涛,邹继军等.现场总线CAN原理与技术应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.8.
[20]何广云,高育鹏等.现代测试技术.[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.3.
[21]郑叔芳.计算机辅助测试原理与发展.[M].北京:科学出版社.1993.2
[22]宋琪.分布式电缆绝缘测试相关技术的研究与应用,[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[23]朱德恒,严璋等.高电压绝缘[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1992.2
[24]张桂华.基于脉冲反射法的导线长度测量的研究,[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[25]Kelle K,Swearingen K,Sheahan J. Aireraft Electrical Power Systems Prognostics and Health Management .Aerospace Conference,2006,USA:1一12.
[26]Wiring Integrity Research (WIRE) Pilot Study, NASA, A0SP-001-XB1, Washington, DC(2000).
[27]S.Potivejkul, P.Kerdonfan, S. Jamnian and V Kinnares, Design of A Low Voltage Cable Fault Detector, IEEE, 2000
[28]P.F.Gale etc.Fault Location Base On Travelling Waves. Developments in Power System Protection, 1993.Fifth International Conference on,1993.
[29]徐丙垠,李胜祥等.电力电缆故障探测技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1999.9
[30]G.J.Conroy. "Cable fault locating by electronic means" in Proc. Mines Technology Transfer Semin, Mine Power Distribution,Mar.1995,pp.104–114.
[31]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.11.
[32]范圣一.ARM原理与嵌入式系统实战[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.7.
[33]周立功等.ARM微控制器基础与实战(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.8.
[34]Philips. LPC2290 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers. Datasheet[J].Philips.2004.1.
[35]Philips. TJA1050 CAN transceiver. Datasheet[J].Philips.2002.1.
[36]孙传友等.测控电路及装置[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社.2002.5. [ 37 ]刘志远,祖先锋.继电器开关矩阵在导弹测试系统中的应用研究[J].电子器件.2006,3(29):733-737.
[38]求是科技.CPLD/FPGA应用开发技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.1.
[39]罗苑棠等.CPLD/FPGA常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业大学出版社.2007.11.
[40]马建国.FPGA现代数字系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2010.4.
[41]田开坤,徐海霞.基于CPLD的单片机接口设计[J].现代电子技术.2008年,6期:34-36.
[42]赵艳华等.基于QuartusⅡ的FPGA/CPLD设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.9.
[43]张洪刚,邢焕革等.基于FPGA的大规模矩阵开关设计[J].鱼雷技术,2006,14(2):44-46.
[44]葛根华.具有自检和自保护功能的地平仪测控机箱[硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学,2007.
[45]吕建成.IPSGTE切控箱的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学,1994.
[46]许珉,白春涛.电力电缆故障低压脉冲自动测距方法[J].继电器, 2007(07) .
[47]高晓剑,孟立凡.基于窄脉冲反射仪的高速数据采集系统的设计[J].山西电子术,2009年, 1期:11-13.
[48]Mitsuharu Komoda etc.Development of A Current Detection Type Cable Fault Location.
[49]PHILIPS LPC2000系列ARM7微处理器CAN控制器驱动程序的编写与开发[S].广州:周立功单片机发展有限公司.2004.8.
[2]杨立树.航空电气系统绝缘故障的研究[硕士学位论文].辽宁,大连理工大学,2008.
[3]Cynthia F.& H. Randy,"Down to the Wire",IEEE Spectrum February 2001.
[4]张俊民,谢华博.飞机电缆绝缘缺陷与故障检测技术及分析[J].航空维修与工程, 2008,1期:26-29.
[5]李立功,年夫顺等.现代电子测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[6]P. Tsai, Y. Chung, C. Lo, and C. Furse, "Mixed signal reflectometer hardware implementation for wire fault location", IEEE Sensors J., vol.5, no. 6, pp. 1479–1482, Dec. 2005.
[7]B. Waddoups, "Analysis of Reflectometry for Detection of Chafed AircraftWiring Insulation", M.S. thesis, Dept. Elect. Comput. Eng., UtahState Univ., Logan, 2001.
[8]蔡军,张婵.基于工控机的航空电缆通用测试系统[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(5):46-47.
[9]罗云林,吴林.航空多芯电缆监测系统设计[J].控制工程,2009,16(3):342-345.
[10]程文等.基于LabVIEW的航空电缆故障检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制,2009,17(3): 446-448.
[11]康峰,王立文.民航飞机专用电缆故障定位仪的设计与实现[J].中国民航学院学报,2002,20(6):6-10.
[12]罗大成,王仕成.基于AT89c52的航空电缆故障测距系统研究和设计[J].弹箭与制导学报,2005,20(4):612-614.
[13]方欣,孙超.基于CAN总线的电缆测试系统节点控制器设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4): 761-764.
[14]张莉莉,杨京礼.分布式飞机电缆通用测试系统设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4):387-390.
[15]王黎明,夏立.CAN现场总线系统的设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[16]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1996.3
[17]薛敏.基于CAN总线的分布式测控系统的设计与研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[18]杜尚丰等.CAN总线测控技术及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[19]饶云涛,邹继军等.现场总线CAN原理与技术应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.8.
[20]何广云,高育鹏等.现代测试技术.[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.3.
[21]郑叔芳.计算机辅助测试原理与发展.[M].北京:科学出版社.1993.2
[22]宋琪.分布式电缆绝缘测试相关技术的研究与应用,[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[23]朱德恒,严璋等.高电压绝缘[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1992.2
[24]张桂华.基于脉冲反射法的导线长度测量的研究,[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[25]Kelle K,Swearingen K,Sheahan J. Aireraft Electrical Power Systems Prognostics and Health Management .Aerospace Conference,2006,USA:1一12.
[26]Wiring Integrity Research (WIRE) Pilot Study, NASA, A0SP-001-XB1, Washington, DC(2000).
[27]S.Potivejkul, P.Kerdonfan, S. Jamnian and V Kinnares, Design of A Low Voltage Cable Fault Detector, IEEE, 2000
[28]P.F.Gale etc.Fault Location Base On Travelling Waves. Developments in Power System Protection, 1993.Fifth International Conference on,1993.
[29]徐丙垠,李胜祥等.电力电缆故障探测技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1999.9
[30]G.J.Conroy. "Cable fault locating by electronic means" in Proc. Mines Technology Transfer Semin, Mine Power Distribution,Mar.1995,pp.104–114.
[31]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.11.
[32]范圣一.ARM原理与嵌入式系统实战[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.7.
[33]周立功等.ARM微控制器基础与实战(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.8.
[34]Philips. LPC2290 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers. Datasheet[J].Philips.2004.1.
[35]Philips. TJA1050 CAN transceiver. Datasheet[J].Philips.2002.1.
[36]孙传友等.测控电路及装置[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社.2002.5. [ 37 ]刘志远,祖先锋.继电器开关矩阵在导弹测试系统中的应用研究[J].电子器件.2006,3(29):733-737.
[38]求是科技.CPLD/FPGA应用开发技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.1.
[39]罗苑棠等.CPLD/FPGA常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业大学出版社.2007.11.
[40]马建国.FPGA现代数字系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2010.4.
[41]田开坤,徐海霞.基于CPLD的单片机接口设计[J].现代电子技术.2008年,6期:34-36.
[42]赵艳华等.基于QuartusⅡ的FPGA/CPLD设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.9.
[43]张洪刚,邢焕革等.基于FPGA的大规模矩阵开关设计[J].鱼雷技术,2006,14(2):44-46.
[44]葛根华.具有自检和自保护功能的地平仪测控机箱[硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学,2007.
[45]吕建成.IPSGTE切控箱的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学,1994.
[46]许珉,白春涛.电力电缆故障低压脉冲自动测距方法[J].继电器, 2007(07) .
[47]高晓剑,孟立凡.基于窄脉冲反射仪的高速数据采集系统的设计[J].山西电子术,2009年, 1期:11-13.
[48]Mitsuharu Komoda etc.Development of A Current Detection Type Cable Fault Location.
[49]PHILIPS LPC2000系列ARM7微处理器CAN控制器驱动程序的编写与开发[S].广州:周立功单片机发展有限公司.2004.8.