我国低碳经济发展模式研究
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摘要
科学技术的迅猛发展增强了人类认识自然和改造自然能力,但与此同时也不断恶化了人类与自然的关系,导致生态环境、自然资源和经济社会发展的矛盾日益突出。目前气候变化成为威胁人类生存和发展的重大问题,受到各国的强烈关注。以全球变暖为主要特征的气候变化,引发出了各种自然灾害,威胁着一切生物的生存,这是人类生存与发展的巨大危机。面对这种局面,降低温室气体排放成为化解危机的主要途径,由此低碳经济应运而生。尽管发展低碳经济已成为世界各国的共识,但如何发展低碳经济问题依然缺乏理论指导。笔者的研究思路是,在科学发展观指导下,以发展低碳经济相关理论作为基础,借鉴国外发展低碳经济的成功经验,采用系统工程方法构建具有中国特色的全面低碳经济发展模式。同时依靠自然、人类和社会,通过发展自然科学技术、人文科学技术和社会科学技术,优化资源配置、环境配置和生活配置,发挥多重集成效应,来共同实现降低温室气体排放的最终目的。
该论文总共分为八个部分,第一部分主要介绍本文的研究背景与研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究方法和研究内容。第二部分是关于发展低碳经济的理论基础。首先对低碳经济进行了阐释与解读,然后研究了发展低碳经济的理论基础,主要包括了三种生产理论、生态经济学理论、资源与环境价值论、循环经济学理论和可持续发展理论等；第三部分是发展低碳经济的必要性和制肘。首先介绍了我国碳排放的估算与变化特征,然后对低碳经济发展的必要性进行了分析,最后我国低碳经济发展的现实制肘第四部分是分析国外发展低碳经济的实践情况及对我国发展低碳经济的经验借鉴。主要分析了英国、德国、日本、美国和澳大利亚等发达国家的低碳经济发展实践情况,从发达国家发展低碳经济实践中进行经验借鉴,最后根据其经验对我国发展低碳经济模式受到的启示,并提出了适合我国低碳经济发展的模式。第五部分是本文的主体部分,是关于我国实行全面低碳经济发展模式的探析。首先对我国发展低碳经济提出了“三足鼎立”发展模式,并对其适应性进行论证。然后对低碳经济“三足鼎立”发展模式的设计目标、设计原则、形成条件、发展评价、主要特征、主要优势等问题进行了研究分析,最后对全面低碳经济的运行机制问题进行了分析。第六部分是构建我国低碳经济发展模式的支持系统。首先设计了由理论支持、政策支持、制度支持、技术支持、舆论支持共同组成的支持系统。其次分析了各支持要素与低碳经济发展模式之间的作用机理。最后分析了支持系统内部各要素的相互作用,并对该支持系统进行具体的构建。第七部分是关于我国低碳经济发展模式的路径选择。主要结合我国的国情,提出了发展低碳经济的路径选择,主要研究了推动低碳经济发展模式的新战略；完善相关法律保障体制；加强科技创新和倡导全民低碳生活意识。第八部分为结论及有待进一步研究的问题。通过以上研究,得出四条结论,即低碳经济理论体系亟待构建；我国发展低碳经济不能完全照搬国外模式；我国需要构建适合本国国情的低碳经济发展模式；低碳经济发展模式的构建需要理论、政策、制度、技术等因素的共同支持。同时,指出了低碳经济发展模式的评价及支持系统构成要素之间的协调问题还有待进一步研究。
论文的创新点是把科学发展观延展到低碳经济及其发展模式研究中,提出了低碳经济活动及其作用机制,构建了我国全面低碳经济发展的“三足鼎立”模式,构建了实施低碳经济发展模式所必需的支持系统——“飞鸟模型”。论文系统研究了全面低碳经济的概念、设计目标、设计原则、形成条件、模式构建及自我评价,也研究了其支持系统的要素、结构、作用机理、设计原则等。外围研究形成的观点是,低碳经济理论体系亟待构建；我国需在借鉴国外低碳经济发展的经验基础上来构建适合本国国情的低碳经济发展模式；低碳经济发展模式的构建需要理论、政策、制度、技术、舆论等要素的共同支持；发展低碳经济的路径选择。
The rapid development of science and technology increases the human capability of knowing and transforming the nature, but at the same time exacerbates the relationship between people and nature. So the contradiction between the ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and economic and social development on the other is becoming increasingly conspicuous. At present climate change that threatens human survival and development becomes a serious problem. All countries pay intense attention on the climate change. The main character of climate change is the global warming, which causes a variety of natural disasters and threatens the survival of all life. Facing this kind of crisis, the main method of solving this crisis is to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Low-carbon economy emerges as the time requires. Although the development of low-carbon economy has become the consensus of the world, the issue of how to develop low-carbon economy is still a lack of theoretical guidance. The author's research thought is that under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, on the basis of developing theories relating to the low-carbon economy, at the reference of the successful international experience, we can use systematic projecting method to build a low-c arbon economy model for our national situation. We can depends on nature, human and society together, by means of developing natural, cultural and social science and technology, optimizing the allocation of resources, environment and life, playing the role of multiple integration, then fulfill the last goal of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.
The essay includes eight parts. The first part is introduction, which mainly recommends the research background and meaning, domestic and overseas research status, methods and contends of the essay. The second part is about the theoretical basis of the low-carbon economy. First this part explains and unscrambles low-carbon economy, then researches the theoretical basis of the development of low-carbon economy, which mainly includes three production theories, ecological economies theory, resources and environmental theories of value, cyclic economy theory and sustainable development theory. The third part introduces the necessary and containment of developing low-carbon economy in China. Firstly this part introduces the estimation of carbon emissions characteristics in China, then analyses the necessity of the development of low-carbon economy, and finally find out the constraints of the development of low-carbon economy. The fourth part analyses overseas practices and experiences in developing low-carbon economy. This part mainly analyses the practices of the development of low-carbon economy in developed countries like UK, German, Japan, US and Australia, then proposes our country's development model of low-carbon economy. The fifth part is the main part of the essay, which analyses our country's development model of overall low-carbon economy. Firstly the author puts forward the development model of "the Situation of the Tripartite Confrontation" for our country, then analyses the design objective, design principles, forming conditions, developing evaluation, principle characters and main superiorities of the model.The sixth part is the support system of building our country's low-carbon economy model, which first designs the support system composed by theoretical support, policy support, regime support, technical support, public voice support, then analyses the action mechanism between the supporting factors and the low-carbon economy models, finally analyses the interaction of the interior factors in the support system and specifically constructs the support system. The seventh part is about the path choice of our country's developing low carbon economy patterns. It combines our country's national conditions, comes up with the path choice of developing the low-carbon economy, and mainly discusses the strategies of driving the low-carbon economy models, perfecting related law safeguard system, enhancing the technological innovations and initiating consciousness that all the people live a low-carbon life. The eighth part is about the conclusion and the problems that need further study. By means of the above researches, there get to four conclusions:the urgency in building system info of low-carbon economy; we can't just copy other countries'development model of low-carbon economy; we need our country's special model; the low-carbon economy needs the joint support of theory, policy, regime, technique and public voice and so on. Meanwhile, it points out that the evaluation of the development of the low-carbon economy and the coordination problem among the factors in the support system need further study.
The main innovations of the essay:extending the scientific outlook on development into low-carbon economy and the research of development patterns, putting forward low-carbon economy activities and mechanism of action, building "the Situation of Tripartite Confrontation" model for the fulfillment of our low-carbon economy, and forming the necessary supporting system for low-carbon economy --"Bird Model". The essay systematically studies the conception of overall low-carbon economy, design objective, design principles, forming conditions, model construction and self-evaluation. It also studies the essential factors, structures, mechanism of action and design principles of the supporting system. Peripheral research forms a view:low-carbon economy's system info should be built urgently. Our country should learn from international successful experience of the development model of low-carbon economy, establish a development model that suit our country's special situation. The establishment of the development model of low-carbon economy needs the supports from theory, policy, institution, technique and public voice.
该论文总共分为八个部分,第一部分主要介绍本文的研究背景与研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究方法和研究内容。第二部分是关于发展低碳经济的理论基础。首先对低碳经济进行了阐释与解读,然后研究了发展低碳经济的理论基础,主要包括了三种生产理论、生态经济学理论、资源与环境价值论、循环经济学理论和可持续发展理论等；第三部分是发展低碳经济的必要性和制肘。首先介绍了我国碳排放的估算与变化特征,然后对低碳经济发展的必要性进行了分析,最后我国低碳经济发展的现实制肘第四部分是分析国外发展低碳经济的实践情况及对我国发展低碳经济的经验借鉴。主要分析了英国、德国、日本、美国和澳大利亚等发达国家的低碳经济发展实践情况,从发达国家发展低碳经济实践中进行经验借鉴,最后根据其经验对我国发展低碳经济模式受到的启示,并提出了适合我国低碳经济发展的模式。第五部分是本文的主体部分,是关于我国实行全面低碳经济发展模式的探析。首先对我国发展低碳经济提出了“三足鼎立”发展模式,并对其适应性进行论证。然后对低碳经济“三足鼎立”发展模式的设计目标、设计原则、形成条件、发展评价、主要特征、主要优势等问题进行了研究分析,最后对全面低碳经济的运行机制问题进行了分析。第六部分是构建我国低碳经济发展模式的支持系统。首先设计了由理论支持、政策支持、制度支持、技术支持、舆论支持共同组成的支持系统。其次分析了各支持要素与低碳经济发展模式之间的作用机理。最后分析了支持系统内部各要素的相互作用,并对该支持系统进行具体的构建。第七部分是关于我国低碳经济发展模式的路径选择。主要结合我国的国情,提出了发展低碳经济的路径选择,主要研究了推动低碳经济发展模式的新战略；完善相关法律保障体制；加强科技创新和倡导全民低碳生活意识。第八部分为结论及有待进一步研究的问题。通过以上研究,得出四条结论,即低碳经济理论体系亟待构建；我国发展低碳经济不能完全照搬国外模式；我国需要构建适合本国国情的低碳经济发展模式；低碳经济发展模式的构建需要理论、政策、制度、技术等因素的共同支持。同时,指出了低碳经济发展模式的评价及支持系统构成要素之间的协调问题还有待进一步研究。
论文的创新点是把科学发展观延展到低碳经济及其发展模式研究中,提出了低碳经济活动及其作用机制,构建了我国全面低碳经济发展的“三足鼎立”模式,构建了实施低碳经济发展模式所必需的支持系统——“飞鸟模型”。论文系统研究了全面低碳经济的概念、设计目标、设计原则、形成条件、模式构建及自我评价,也研究了其支持系统的要素、结构、作用机理、设计原则等。外围研究形成的观点是,低碳经济理论体系亟待构建；我国需在借鉴国外低碳经济发展的经验基础上来构建适合本国国情的低碳经济发展模式；低碳经济发展模式的构建需要理论、政策、制度、技术、舆论等要素的共同支持；发展低碳经济的路径选择。
The rapid development of science and technology increases the human capability of knowing and transforming the nature, but at the same time exacerbates the relationship between people and nature. So the contradiction between the ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and economic and social development on the other is becoming increasingly conspicuous. At present climate change that threatens human survival and development becomes a serious problem. All countries pay intense attention on the climate change. The main character of climate change is the global warming, which causes a variety of natural disasters and threatens the survival of all life. Facing this kind of crisis, the main method of solving this crisis is to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Low-carbon economy emerges as the time requires. Although the development of low-carbon economy has become the consensus of the world, the issue of how to develop low-carbon economy is still a lack of theoretical guidance. The author's research thought is that under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, on the basis of developing theories relating to the low-carbon economy, at the reference of the successful international experience, we can use systematic projecting method to build a low-c arbon economy model for our national situation. We can depends on nature, human and society together, by means of developing natural, cultural and social science and technology, optimizing the allocation of resources, environment and life, playing the role of multiple integration, then fulfill the last goal of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.
The essay includes eight parts. The first part is introduction, which mainly recommends the research background and meaning, domestic and overseas research status, methods and contends of the essay. The second part is about the theoretical basis of the low-carbon economy. First this part explains and unscrambles low-carbon economy, then researches the theoretical basis of the development of low-carbon economy, which mainly includes three production theories, ecological economies theory, resources and environmental theories of value, cyclic economy theory and sustainable development theory. The third part introduces the necessary and containment of developing low-carbon economy in China. Firstly this part introduces the estimation of carbon emissions characteristics in China, then analyses the necessity of the development of low-carbon economy, and finally find out the constraints of the development of low-carbon economy. The fourth part analyses overseas practices and experiences in developing low-carbon economy. This part mainly analyses the practices of the development of low-carbon economy in developed countries like UK, German, Japan, US and Australia, then proposes our country's development model of low-carbon economy. The fifth part is the main part of the essay, which analyses our country's development model of overall low-carbon economy. Firstly the author puts forward the development model of "the Situation of the Tripartite Confrontation" for our country, then analyses the design objective, design principles, forming conditions, developing evaluation, principle characters and main superiorities of the model.The sixth part is the support system of building our country's low-carbon economy model, which first designs the support system composed by theoretical support, policy support, regime support, technical support, public voice support, then analyses the action mechanism between the supporting factors and the low-carbon economy models, finally analyses the interaction of the interior factors in the support system and specifically constructs the support system. The seventh part is about the path choice of our country's developing low carbon economy patterns. It combines our country's national conditions, comes up with the path choice of developing the low-carbon economy, and mainly discusses the strategies of driving the low-carbon economy models, perfecting related law safeguard system, enhancing the technological innovations and initiating consciousness that all the people live a low-carbon life. The eighth part is about the conclusion and the problems that need further study. By means of the above researches, there get to four conclusions:the urgency in building system info of low-carbon economy; we can't just copy other countries'development model of low-carbon economy; we need our country's special model; the low-carbon economy needs the joint support of theory, policy, regime, technique and public voice and so on. Meanwhile, it points out that the evaluation of the development of the low-carbon economy and the coordination problem among the factors in the support system need further study.
The main innovations of the essay:extending the scientific outlook on development into low-carbon economy and the research of development patterns, putting forward low-carbon economy activities and mechanism of action, building "the Situation of Tripartite Confrontation" model for the fulfillment of our low-carbon economy, and forming the necessary supporting system for low-carbon economy --"Bird Model". The essay systematically studies the conception of overall low-carbon economy, design objective, design principles, forming conditions, model construction and self-evaluation. It also studies the essential factors, structures, mechanism of action and design principles of the supporting system. Peripheral research forms a view:low-carbon economy's system info should be built urgently. Our country should learn from international successful experience of the development model of low-carbon economy, establish a development model that suit our country's special situation. The establishment of the development model of low-carbon economy needs the supports from theory, policy, institution, technique and public voice.
引文
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