一种球载探空仪及地面接收系统的设计
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摘要
本文设计了一种球载探空仪系统,实现对雷暴云中各种水成物粒子的图像拍摄和相关大气参数的数据采集,并根据探空仪前端信号传输需求,提出无线图像模拟传输和无线数据传输的混合无线传输方案。根据远距离传输需求,设计了带有自动跟踪功能的定向天线接收系统,将探空仪拍摄的图像和采集的数据可靠地传输到地面,在测控计算机中进行相关处理、图形化显示和数据存储。
球载探空仪组成部分包括：微粒图像采集模块、微粒电量传感器、GPS接收模块、温湿度传感器、无线图像发射模块、无线数传发射模块,发射天线及供电电路模块等部分。地面接收系统分为：无线图像接收模块、无线数传接收模块、功率分配器、接收天线、跟踪系统及测控计算机等。文中详细阐述了各组成部分的工作原理及实现方法,完成了各模块硬件设计、制作和调试工作,并完成了整体电气连接和系统调试、测试。采用模数混合无线传输方案,极大地降低了探空仪数据处理部分的设计复杂度,接收系统中采用定向高增益接收天线,并设计配套的自动跟踪系统,使定向接收天线的主波束自动对准目标探空仪,极大地延长了无线传输的距离,可达20Km。
根据所设计球载探空仪前段采集数据的特点,比较各种跟踪方案跟踪性能和实现复杂度的基础上,在接收系统中设计了基于GPS定位数据的自动跟踪机构,并设计手动跟踪辅助功能,完成各部分硬件制作和软件编写。通过实验室调试、多次野外测试,验证了设计方案的可行性,测试结果表明：系统稳定运行,通信距离远,抗干扰能力强,实用性强。
本课题来源于中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所“国家自然科学青年基金”项目,基金批准号：40905001。
In this paper, a balloon carried sonde has been designed to capture the particle image in the thunder cloud and collect some atmospheric parameters. According to transmission requirement of the sonde signal, we proposed a hybrid wireless communication system which contains an analog wireless system and a digital system. To achieve long distance wireless communication, we also designed the matching directional antenna receiving system with automatic tracking function, which can keep the image and data transmitted to the ground stably, and complete the storage and graphical display process in the measurement and control computer.
The sonde system includes:particle image sensor, particle charge sensor, GPS receiving module, temperature and humidity sensor, wireless analog transmission module, wireless data transmission module, power supply module and so on. The receiving part on the ground contains:wireless analog receiving module, wireless data receiving module, receiving antenna, power divider, tracking system, etc. This paper introduced working principle and realization method of each component in detail and also completed hardware design, fabrication, electrical connection and debugging of every component. Analog/digital mixed transmission system is adopted to greatly reduce the complexity of data processing module. Automatic tracking system is designed in the receiving system, which contains a directional receiving antenna, to make the main beam of the directional receiving antenna alignment target sonde, greatly extending the transmission distance up to20Km.
Comparing performance of various transmission scheme, we proposed the automatic tracking method based on GPS positioning data. According to the characteristics of balloon carried sonde, manual tracking structure is designed as auxiliary function. Through laboratory debug and field test, the system is proved to be capable of completing long distance communication stably, which has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, and good practicality.
This thesis originates from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Cold and Arid Regions "Natural Sciences Foundation of China" project, Fund approval number:40905001.
球载探空仪组成部分包括：微粒图像采集模块、微粒电量传感器、GPS接收模块、温湿度传感器、无线图像发射模块、无线数传发射模块,发射天线及供电电路模块等部分。地面接收系统分为：无线图像接收模块、无线数传接收模块、功率分配器、接收天线、跟踪系统及测控计算机等。文中详细阐述了各组成部分的工作原理及实现方法,完成了各模块硬件设计、制作和调试工作,并完成了整体电气连接和系统调试、测试。采用模数混合无线传输方案,极大地降低了探空仪数据处理部分的设计复杂度,接收系统中采用定向高增益接收天线,并设计配套的自动跟踪系统,使定向接收天线的主波束自动对准目标探空仪,极大地延长了无线传输的距离,可达20Km。
根据所设计球载探空仪前段采集数据的特点,比较各种跟踪方案跟踪性能和实现复杂度的基础上,在接收系统中设计了基于GPS定位数据的自动跟踪机构,并设计手动跟踪辅助功能,完成各部分硬件制作和软件编写。通过实验室调试、多次野外测试,验证了设计方案的可行性,测试结果表明：系统稳定运行,通信距离远,抗干扰能力强,实用性强。
本课题来源于中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所“国家自然科学青年基金”项目,基金批准号：40905001。
In this paper, a balloon carried sonde has been designed to capture the particle image in the thunder cloud and collect some atmospheric parameters. According to transmission requirement of the sonde signal, we proposed a hybrid wireless communication system which contains an analog wireless system and a digital system. To achieve long distance wireless communication, we also designed the matching directional antenna receiving system with automatic tracking function, which can keep the image and data transmitted to the ground stably, and complete the storage and graphical display process in the measurement and control computer.
The sonde system includes:particle image sensor, particle charge sensor, GPS receiving module, temperature and humidity sensor, wireless analog transmission module, wireless data transmission module, power supply module and so on. The receiving part on the ground contains:wireless analog receiving module, wireless data receiving module, receiving antenna, power divider, tracking system, etc. This paper introduced working principle and realization method of each component in detail and also completed hardware design, fabrication, electrical connection and debugging of every component. Analog/digital mixed transmission system is adopted to greatly reduce the complexity of data processing module. Automatic tracking system is designed in the receiving system, which contains a directional receiving antenna, to make the main beam of the directional receiving antenna alignment target sonde, greatly extending the transmission distance up to20Km.
Comparing performance of various transmission scheme, we proposed the automatic tracking method based on GPS positioning data. According to the characteristics of balloon carried sonde, manual tracking structure is designed as auxiliary function. Through laboratory debug and field test, the system is proved to be capable of completing long distance communication stably, which has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, and good practicality.
This thesis originates from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Cold and Arid Regions "Natural Sciences Foundation of China" project, Fund approval number:40905001.
引文
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[3]窦志强.球载摄像探空仪系统设计与工程实现[硕士论文],兰州：兰州大学.2007.
[4]Reisoer, J., Rasmussen, R. M., Bruintjes, R. T. Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model[J]. Q.J. R.Meteorol.Soc.1998,124:1071-1107.
[5]史东波,韦峰等.子午工程气象火箭探空仪及其探测结果[J].空间科学学报.2011,31(4)：492-497.
[6]李帅,胡进,周琳.多雷达跟踪定位精度分析[J].现代雷达.2010,32(11)：25-28.
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[8]徐剑,胡记文.GPS定位数传系统的设计与实现[J].中国新技术产品.2008,18：20-21.
[9]刘罗仁,罗金玲,廖柳青.定向天线自动跟踪控制系统的研究[J].太原师范学院学报.2009,8(2)：65-68.
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[19]Adriani, A., Gobbi, G. P., Viterbini, M., Ugazio, S. Combined system for observations of tropospheric and stratospheric thin clouds[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1993,10(1):34-40.
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[28]温桂森.动载体卫星通信天线控制数学模型[J]. Ratio Communications Technology.1997, 23(4):36-40.
[29]朱华统,黄继文.椭球大地计算[M].北京：八一出版社.1993.
[30]李宗春,李广云等.地球站天线方位、俯仰角严密计算方法的研究[J].天线技术.2003,29(6)：30-32.
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[32]http://baike. baidu. com/view/22318. htm.
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[34]http://baike. baidu. com/view/628443. htm.
[35]NEMA data http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm#nmea.
[36]陈天恩,长井正彦,柴崎亮介.带有差分GPS的多传感器无人直升机航测遥感系统[J].测绘科学.2012,37(1)：158-160.
[37]焦海松,李峰等.单基站差分GPS定位精度的分析与检验[J].全球定位系统.2009,1：5-9.
[38]张伟庆,张作伦等.差分GPS在矿体勘查中的应用[J].中国矿业.2009,18(7)：105-110.
[39]户川治朗著,高玉萍等译.使用电源电路设计[M].北京：科学出版社.2005.
[40]欧跃龙,杨衫.连续可调电源电路的设计与分析[J].华中电力.2010,23(4)：37-39.
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[42]潘永吉.插入式带线型隔离器／定向耦合器组件设计[J].系统工程与电子技术.1996,(9)：1-11.
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[44]向卫华,李九发.GPS串口编程应用[J].江苏测绘.2002,25(3)：14-16.
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[2]赵忠阔,郄秀书等.雷暴云内电场探测仪及初步试验结果[J].高原气象2008,27(4)：881-887.
[3]窦志强.球载摄像探空仪系统设计与工程实现[硕士论文],兰州：兰州大学.2007.
[4]Reisoer, J., Rasmussen, R. M., Bruintjes, R. T. Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model[J]. Q.J. R.Meteorol.Soc.1998,124:1071-1107.
[5]史东波,韦峰等.子午工程气象火箭探空仪及其探测结果[J].空间科学学报.2011,31(4)：492-497.
[6]李帅,胡进,周琳.多雷达跟踪定位精度分析[J].现代雷达.2010,32(11)：25-28.
[7]黄少锋,张尊泉,彭飞.定向天线自动控制系统的研究[J].现代防御技术.2008,36(1)：101-105.
[8]徐剑,胡记文.GPS定位数传系统的设计与实现[J].中国新技术产品.2008,18：20-21.
[9]刘罗仁,罗金玲,廖柳青.定向天线自动跟踪控制系统的研究[J].太原师范学院学报.2009,8(2)：65-68.
[10]赵忠阔,郄秀书等.一次单体雷暴云的穿云电场探测及云内电荷结构[J].科学通报.2009,54(22)：3532-3536.
[ll]Coleman, T. A., Knupp, K. R., Tarvin, J. T. Reviews and case study of sounds associated with the lightning electromagnetic pulse[J]. Mon. Wea. Rev.2009,137(9):3129-3136.
[12]Stall, C. A., Cummins, K. L., Krider, E. P., Ceamer, J. A. Detecting multiple ground contacts in cloud-to-ground lightning flashes[J]. J. Atoms. Oceanic tech.2009, 26(11):2392-2402.
[13]Vonnegut, B. Importance of evaporative cooling in the formation of thundercloud downdrafts[J]. J.Appl.Meteor.1996,35:1378-1378.
[14]马舒庆,赵志强,邢毅.VAISALA探空技术及中国探空技术的发展[J].气象科技.2005,33(5)：390-393.
[15]李伟,赵培涛等.中国GTS 1-2型电子探空仪阳江国际对比结果分析[J].气象.2011,37(11)：1466-1472.
[16]Takahashi, T., Keenan, T, D. Hydrometeor mass, number, and space charge distribution in a "Hector" squall line[J]. J. Geophys. Res.2004,109(D16208):1029-1040.
[17]Boussaton, M. P., Coquillat, S., Chauzy, S., Gangneron, F. A new videosonde with a particle charge measurement device for in situ observation of precipitation particles[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2004,21:1519-1531.
[18]Murakami, M., Matsuo, T. Development of the hydrometeor videosonde[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1990,7 (5):613-620.
[19]Adriani, A., Gobbi, G. P., Viterbini, M., Ugazio, S. Combined system for observations of tropospheric and stratospheric thin clouds[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1993,10(1):34-40.
[20]Takahashi, T. The videosonde system and its use in the study of East Asian monsoon rain[J]. Bull. Amer.Meteor.Soc.2010,91:1231-1246.
[21]穆乃刚Zigbee技术简介[J].电信技术.2006,3：84-86.
[22]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌Zigbee技术及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.
[23]Andersson, A., Thoren, M. A suitable base for embedded wireless development[D]. Sweden:Chalmers University of Technology.2004.
[24]Bateman, M. G., RUST, W. D. Marshall, T. C. A balloon-borne instrument for measuring the charge and size of precipitation particles inside thunderstorms[J]. J. Atoms. Oceanic tech.1994,11:161-169.
[25]Bateman, M. G., Marshall, T. C., Stolzenburg, M., RUST, W. D. Precipitation charge and size measurements inside a New Mexico mountain thunderstorm [J]. Geophys. res. 1999,104(D8):9643-9653.
[26]杨俊永.移动卫星通信天线自动跟踪方法[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2005.
[27]Hawkins, G. J., Edwards, D.J., Prof, J. P. McGeehan. Tracking systems for satellite communications[J]. IEEE PROCEEDINGS.1988,135(5):393-407.
[28]温桂森.动载体卫星通信天线控制数学模型[J]. Ratio Communications Technology.1997, 23(4):36-40.
[29]朱华统,黄继文.椭球大地计算[M].北京：八一出版社.1993.
[30]李宗春,李广云等.地球站天线方位、俯仰角严密计算方法的研究[J].天线技术.2003,29(6)：30-32.
[31]http://baike. baidu. com/view/18579. htm.
[32]http://baike. baidu. com/view/22318. htm.
[33]吴玉康,邓世建等.SHT1 1数字式温湿度传感器的应用[J].工矿自动化.2010,(4)：99-101.
[34]http://baike. baidu. com/view/628443. htm.
[35]NEMA data http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm#nmea.
[36]陈天恩,长井正彦,柴崎亮介.带有差分GPS的多传感器无人直升机航测遥感系统[J].测绘科学.2012,37(1)：158-160.
[37]焦海松,李峰等.单基站差分GPS定位精度的分析与检验[J].全球定位系统.2009,1：5-9.
[38]张伟庆,张作伦等.差分GPS在矿体勘查中的应用[J].中国矿业.2009,18(7)：105-110.
[39]户川治朗著,高玉萍等译.使用电源电路设计[M].北京：科学出版社.2005.
[40]欧跃龙,杨衫.连续可调电源电路的设计与分析[J].华中电力.2010,23(4)：37-39.
[41]邬止义,范瑜等.现代无线通信技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2006.
[42]潘永吉.插入式带线型隔离器／定向耦合器组件设计[J].系统工程与电子技术.1996,(9)：1-11.
[43]程敏峰,刘学观.微带型Wilkinson功分器设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2006,(20)：25-26.
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