音乐对心率变异性影响的研究
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摘要
心率变异性是反映交感神经系统和副交感神经系统兴奋性的敏感指标。剖析心动周期和心率变异性对音乐及单纯节拍的反应，以理解音乐缓解应激、平抑心理压力之功效，可为谋求改善动物福利提供依据。
第一部分研究夏季室内地面铺设垫料、单栏饲喂条件下生长猪对不同音乐的反应，探讨了不同音乐对该饲养条件下生长猪心动周期和心率变异性的影响。选择生长猪8头，2倍维持需要量，自由饮水，试验设置自身对照。结果表明，电子打击乐《兔子舞》使5头猪的心动周期缩短，高频成分(HF)升高，低频成分与高频成分的比值(LF／HF)降低，而弦乐《梁祝》的效果使猪的心动周期变短，HF降低，LF／HF升高。但均存在个体差异。表明不良环境中节奏感强的音乐对生长猪是有利的刺激。
第二部分研究夏季发酵床饲喂的生长猪对不同声音的反映。四种声音分别是打击乐《兔子舞》、弦乐《梁祝》、《白噪音》和《猪叫声》。选择生长猪4头，2倍维持需要量，自由饮水，试验设置自身对照。结果表明，在播放声音的过程中生长猪的心动周期变长，高频成分(HF)升高，低频成分与高频成分的比值(LF／HF)降低，但不同声音作用效果的一致性不同，其中以节奏感强的打击乐一致性最好。表明较好的饲养环境中四种声音对生长猪均有好的的效果，但节奏感强的音乐仍是较好的选择。
第三部分包括两个试验，分别研究正常人静卧条件下对音乐和节拍的反应。两种音乐分别为《兔子舞》和《梁祝》，三种节拍分别为节拍1(300ms，lOOms)、节拍2(300ms，500ms)和节拍3(300ms，1300ms)。志愿者9人，设置自身对照和零对照组，人工气候室内晚上测定。音乐试验的结果表明，节拍感强的音乐在人体静卧时对其心动周期无影响，心率变异性高频成分(HF)降低，低频成分和高频成分的比值(LF／HF)升高。说明打击乐有降低副交感神经兴奋性的作用。而弦乐播放过程中，心动周期显著变长，HF降低，LF／HF升高，但幅度较小。节拍试验的结果表明，静卧条件下，不同的节拍均可使人的心动周期显著变长，三种节拍均使HF升高，节拍1使VLF和LF／HF升高，节拍2和节拍3使VLF和LF／HF降低。节拍3使SDNN降低，节拍1和节拍2使SDNN升高。从心率变异性角度分析可进一步区分三种节拍的不同效果。
试验的结果表明，不同音乐作用效果是不同的，这种作用的效果存在个体差异，同时也受周围环境的影响。心率变异性分析能够区分机体对不同刺激的反映，是探讨音乐对机体作用的敏感指标。
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a marker of performance of the excitability of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS). We analyzed the effects of music and single Meter on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index; apprehend the efficacy of music on relieving stress and lessening mental stress for animal welfare.
The first part of this research studied the reflection of growing pigs to different music when they were fed on flooring in summer, in order to discuss the influences of different music on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index in growing pigs. 8 growing pigs were selected, provided double maintenance feed and drunk freely. We used Control group in themselves. Result: Rabbit dance was a electric shock that character was rhythmic, It made Cardiac Cycle shorter, High Frequency (HF) smaller, reduced the radio of Low Frequency and High Frequency. But Leung juk that was orchestral music brought opposition effect. It has Individual difference in result. This might indicate that rhythmic music was preferable for growing pigs.
The second part of this research studied the effect of different sound on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index in growing pigs that fed on zymolytic bed in summer. Four sounds we choosed were Rabbit Dance, Leung juk, White noise and Pig Call. 4 growing pigs were selected, provided double maintenance feed and drunk freely, and used Control group in themselves also. Result: the Cardiac Cycle of growing pigs became longer, HF hoisted, and LF/HF reduced when sound was listened to. The consistency of different sound was diverse, and the Rabbit Dance that characteristic was rhythmic was best. The result indicated that four sounds all were fitting in well environment, and rhythmic music was better.
The third part of this research has two experimentations, respectively studied the effect of music and Meter on person. Two music was Rabbit Dance and Leung juk, three Meter was Meterl (300ms, 100ms), Meter 2(300ms, 500ms) and Meter 3(300ms, 1300ms). We selected 9 persons, used own control and Zero Control group. We registered Electrocardiogram (ECG) in artificial climatic chamber in the night. Result: the music that characteristic was rhythmic made Cardiac Cycle shorter, HF lower and LF/HF higher. This showed the activation of parasympathetic decreased. The orchestral music made Cardiac Cycle longer, HF lower and LF/HF higher. But extent was smaller. The result of Meter test indicated: three Meter all made Cardiac Cycle of person longer (p<0.05), HF higher. Meterl made VLF and LF/HF higher, Meter2 and Meter3 made VLF and LF/HF descend. Meter3 made SDNN descend, Meterl and Meter2 made SDNN higher. The effect of three different Meters could distinguish with HRV.
The result of tests indicated that the effect of different music was diverse and affected by environment and individual difference. The analysis of HRV could distinguish the effects of diverse excitant. It was a sensitivity index when discussing the effect of music.
第一部分研究夏季室内地面铺设垫料、单栏饲喂条件下生长猪对不同音乐的反应，探讨了不同音乐对该饲养条件下生长猪心动周期和心率变异性的影响。选择生长猪8头，2倍维持需要量，自由饮水，试验设置自身对照。结果表明，电子打击乐《兔子舞》使5头猪的心动周期缩短，高频成分(HF)升高，低频成分与高频成分的比值(LF／HF)降低，而弦乐《梁祝》的效果使猪的心动周期变短，HF降低，LF／HF升高。但均存在个体差异。表明不良环境中节奏感强的音乐对生长猪是有利的刺激。
第二部分研究夏季发酵床饲喂的生长猪对不同声音的反映。四种声音分别是打击乐《兔子舞》、弦乐《梁祝》、《白噪音》和《猪叫声》。选择生长猪4头，2倍维持需要量，自由饮水，试验设置自身对照。结果表明，在播放声音的过程中生长猪的心动周期变长，高频成分(HF)升高，低频成分与高频成分的比值(LF／HF)降低，但不同声音作用效果的一致性不同，其中以节奏感强的打击乐一致性最好。表明较好的饲养环境中四种声音对生长猪均有好的的效果，但节奏感强的音乐仍是较好的选择。
第三部分包括两个试验，分别研究正常人静卧条件下对音乐和节拍的反应。两种音乐分别为《兔子舞》和《梁祝》，三种节拍分别为节拍1(300ms，lOOms)、节拍2(300ms，500ms)和节拍3(300ms，1300ms)。志愿者9人，设置自身对照和零对照组，人工气候室内晚上测定。音乐试验的结果表明，节拍感强的音乐在人体静卧时对其心动周期无影响，心率变异性高频成分(HF)降低，低频成分和高频成分的比值(LF／HF)升高。说明打击乐有降低副交感神经兴奋性的作用。而弦乐播放过程中，心动周期显著变长，HF降低，LF／HF升高，但幅度较小。节拍试验的结果表明，静卧条件下，不同的节拍均可使人的心动周期显著变长，三种节拍均使HF升高，节拍1使VLF和LF／HF升高，节拍2和节拍3使VLF和LF／HF降低。节拍3使SDNN降低，节拍1和节拍2使SDNN升高。从心率变异性角度分析可进一步区分三种节拍的不同效果。
试验的结果表明，不同音乐作用效果是不同的，这种作用的效果存在个体差异，同时也受周围环境的影响。心率变异性分析能够区分机体对不同刺激的反映，是探讨音乐对机体作用的敏感指标。
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a marker of performance of the excitability of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS). We analyzed the effects of music and single Meter on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index; apprehend the efficacy of music on relieving stress and lessening mental stress for animal welfare.
The first part of this research studied the reflection of growing pigs to different music when they were fed on flooring in summer, in order to discuss the influences of different music on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index in growing pigs. 8 growing pigs were selected, provided double maintenance feed and drunk freely. We used Control group in themselves. Result: Rabbit dance was a electric shock that character was rhythmic, It made Cardiac Cycle shorter, High Frequency (HF) smaller, reduced the radio of Low Frequency and High Frequency. But Leung juk that was orchestral music brought opposition effect. It has Individual difference in result. This might indicate that rhythmic music was preferable for growing pigs.
The second part of this research studied the effect of different sound on Cardiac Cycle and Heart Rate Variability index in growing pigs that fed on zymolytic bed in summer. Four sounds we choosed were Rabbit Dance, Leung juk, White noise and Pig Call. 4 growing pigs were selected, provided double maintenance feed and drunk freely, and used Control group in themselves also. Result: the Cardiac Cycle of growing pigs became longer, HF hoisted, and LF/HF reduced when sound was listened to. The consistency of different sound was diverse, and the Rabbit Dance that characteristic was rhythmic was best. The result indicated that four sounds all were fitting in well environment, and rhythmic music was better.
The third part of this research has two experimentations, respectively studied the effect of music and Meter on person. Two music was Rabbit Dance and Leung juk, three Meter was Meterl (300ms, 100ms), Meter 2(300ms, 500ms) and Meter 3(300ms, 1300ms). We selected 9 persons, used own control and Zero Control group. We registered Electrocardiogram (ECG) in artificial climatic chamber in the night. Result: the music that characteristic was rhythmic made Cardiac Cycle shorter, HF lower and LF/HF higher. This showed the activation of parasympathetic decreased. The orchestral music made Cardiac Cycle longer, HF lower and LF/HF higher. But extent was smaller. The result of Meter test indicated: three Meter all made Cardiac Cycle of person longer (p<0.05), HF higher. Meterl made VLF and LF/HF higher, Meter2 and Meter3 made VLF and LF/HF descend. Meter3 made SDNN descend, Meterl and Meter2 made SDNN higher. The effect of three different Meters could distinguish with HRV.
The result of tests indicated that the effect of different music was diverse and affected by environment and individual difference. The analysis of HRV could distinguish the effects of diverse excitant. It was a sensitivity index when discussing the effect of music.
引文
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[1] 王奇，王欣．围手术期音乐辅助治疗[J]．国外医学：护理学分册．1998，17(5)：240．
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[12] Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae, Sek-Ying Chair.. The effect of nursing intervention Utilizing music therapy or sensory information, on Chinese Patients' anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization: a pilot study[J]. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2002, 1: 203-211.
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[17] Hayano J, Sakakibara Y, Yamada A, et al. Accuracy of assessment of cardiac vagal tone by heart rate variability in normal subjects[J]. American Journal of Cardiology, 1991, 67: 199-204.]
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[1] 范欣生．音乐疗法[M]．北京：中国中医药出版社，2002．
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[3] Appel ML, Berger RD, Saul JP, et al. Beat to beat variability in cardiovascular variables: noise or music?[J] J Am Coll Cardiol, 1989, 14: 1139-1148.
[4] Shannon Sausser MT-BC, MAT, et al. A model for music therapy with students with emotional and behavioral disorders[J]. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 2006, 33: 1-10.
[5]王奇，王欣．围手术期音乐辅助治疗[J]．国外医学：护理学分册．1998，17(5)：240．
[6]康健民．人体生理节律与音乐节律[J]．中国音乐，2003，104-106．
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[8] Yanagihashi R, Ohira M, Kimura T, et al. Physiological and psychological assessment of sound[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 1997, 40: 157-161.
[9] Hayano J, Sakakibara Y, Yamada A, et al. Accuracy of assessment of cardiac vagal tone by heart rate Variability in normal subjects[J]. American Journal of Cardiology, 1991, 67: 199-204.
[10] Malliania, Pagani M, Lombardi F, et al. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain[J]. Circulation, 1991, 84: 482.
[11] Iwanaga M, Kobayashi A, Kawasaki C. Heart rate variability with repetitive exposure to music [J]. Biological Psychology, 2005: 1-6.
[12] 吴霞．病房环境噪声对手术患者康复的影响[J]．护理医学杂志，2005，20(2)：68-69．
[13] Nunez J.N, Mana P, Linares D, et al. Music, immunity and cancer[J]. Life Sciences, 2002, 71: 1047-1057.
[14] Uetake K, Hurnik J.F, Johnson L. Effect of music on voluntary approach of dairy cows to an automatic milking system[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1997, 53: 175-182.
[15] Deborah L, Wells, Coleman D, et al. A note on the effect of auditory stimulation on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2006: 1-6.
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[17] Camm A.J, Malik M, Bigger J.T, et al. Heart Rate Variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use[J]. Circulation, 1996, 93(5).
[18] 孙瑞龙，吴宁，杨世豪等．心率变异性检测临床应用的建议[J]．中华心血管病杂志，1998，26(4)：252-255．