基于IEC61850的电力系统警报处理信息模型建立与算法研究
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摘要
变电站自动化、数字式变电站等融合现代信息技术的解决方案的广泛应用大大提高了电网日常运营管理的信息化和自动化。然而,当电网发生故障时,会产生大量的警报呈递给调度中心,调度人员常常会淹没在浩大的警报之中,很难在较短的时间内对大量警报进行分析,确切诊断出电网中发生的事件。所以需要研究快速、有效的警报处理方法,帮助调度人员快速识别出电网中发生的事件,以便及时采取有效措施维持或者恢复电网的安全、稳定运行。
本文针对电力系统警报处理所包含的两个过程,警报处理的信息模型建立与警报处理算法进行了相关的研究。
首先概述了课题研究的意义、背景,从警报处理算法研究和信息模型两个方面概述了警报处理问题的研究现状,总结了各种算法的优缺点和发展趋势。然后,分析了IEC61850的特点,概述了IEC61850对变电站一次架构和二次架构建模的方式,介绍了IEC61850的SCL语言和SCL语言的语义模式。给出了警报处理系统的功能目标,分析了警报处理的信息需求及各种可能信息源,给出了警报处理系统总的信息流程。
采用动态故障树方法建立了保护装置动作逻辑模型和保护动作模式模型,搭建了基于保护动作模式的分布式警报处理模型,在该警报处理模型基础上,基于保护动作模式警报处理方法的知识库,设计了通过扩展SCL模型生成知识库的方法。
接着在分析IEC61850SCL模型描述能力的基础上,通过继承SCL类体系中的相关基类建立联络线类型,基于联络线类,构建了彼此关联的各个变电站的SCL模型及其扩展模型,建立了应用于警报处理的标准化信息模型。
最后基于广东某区域电网的拓扑使用算例对扩展SCL模型生成,警报处理算法进行了验证。结果表明,扩展SCL模型能够提供给警报处理系统完备标准的信息,基于扩展SCL模型生成的知识库有效,基于保护动作模式的警报处理算法正确有效。
Substation automation and digital substation, which are solutions integrating modern information technology, have already been widely used. These factors powerfully push forward the daily operation management of the grid into informationization and automation. However, when the grid falls into malfunction, a lot of alarms will come up and surge into the dispatch center. Dispatchers are usually submerged in vast alarms. It is a great difficulty for dispatchers to make an analysis of a large number of alarms and diagnose the events occurring in the gird in a short period of time, so it is necessary to make a research on fast and effective alarm processing method. The alarm processing system can give a hand to dispatchers in respect to fast identifying the events occurring in the gird, so the dispatchers can take timely actions to maintain or recover safe and stabile operation of the grid.
Research on the two sections of alarm processing, information model and algorithm, is made in this paper.
Firstly, significance and background of the issue are summarized. The research status of the alarm processing problem is summarized from the aspect of algorithm research and the aspect of information model separately in this paper. The advantages, disadvantages and development trends of the various algorithms are summarized. Then, the characteristics of IEC61850are analyzed and an overview on modeling of primary structure and secondary structure of substation in IEC61850is presented. SCL language and the semantics mode of the SCL language in IEC61850are introduced. The functions and objectives of alarm processing system are presented. Information needs and various possible information sources of the alarm processing are analyzed. The total information flow of alarm processing system is presented.
The action logic models and operation mode models of protection devices are established by using dynamic fault tree. Alarm processing model based on protection operation mode is built. Then, on the basis of the alarm processing model, based on the knowledge base of the alarm processing in view of protection operation modes, a method to generate the knowledge base through extended SCL model is designed.
After that, Depending on analysis of the ability to describe of IEC61850SCL model, by inheriting from base class in SCL class system, contact line class is established. Based on contact line class, SCL models of the related substations are built and the SCL models are extended, obtaining standardized information model for alarm processing.
Finally, examples based on a regional power grid in Guangdong are used to verify generation of extended SCL models and alarm processing Algorithm. The results show that the extended SCL model is able to provide complete and standardized information to alarm processing system, knowledge base based on the extended SCL model is valid and alarm processing algorithm based on protection action mode is proper and efficient.
本文针对电力系统警报处理所包含的两个过程,警报处理的信息模型建立与警报处理算法进行了相关的研究。
首先概述了课题研究的意义、背景,从警报处理算法研究和信息模型两个方面概述了警报处理问题的研究现状,总结了各种算法的优缺点和发展趋势。然后,分析了IEC61850的特点,概述了IEC61850对变电站一次架构和二次架构建模的方式,介绍了IEC61850的SCL语言和SCL语言的语义模式。给出了警报处理系统的功能目标,分析了警报处理的信息需求及各种可能信息源,给出了警报处理系统总的信息流程。
采用动态故障树方法建立了保护装置动作逻辑模型和保护动作模式模型,搭建了基于保护动作模式的分布式警报处理模型,在该警报处理模型基础上,基于保护动作模式警报处理方法的知识库,设计了通过扩展SCL模型生成知识库的方法。
接着在分析IEC61850SCL模型描述能力的基础上,通过继承SCL类体系中的相关基类建立联络线类型,基于联络线类,构建了彼此关联的各个变电站的SCL模型及其扩展模型,建立了应用于警报处理的标准化信息模型。
最后基于广东某区域电网的拓扑使用算例对扩展SCL模型生成,警报处理算法进行了验证。结果表明,扩展SCL模型能够提供给警报处理系统完备标准的信息,基于扩展SCL模型生成的知识库有效,基于保护动作模式的警报处理算法正确有效。
Substation automation and digital substation, which are solutions integrating modern information technology, have already been widely used. These factors powerfully push forward the daily operation management of the grid into informationization and automation. However, when the grid falls into malfunction, a lot of alarms will come up and surge into the dispatch center. Dispatchers are usually submerged in vast alarms. It is a great difficulty for dispatchers to make an analysis of a large number of alarms and diagnose the events occurring in the gird in a short period of time, so it is necessary to make a research on fast and effective alarm processing method. The alarm processing system can give a hand to dispatchers in respect to fast identifying the events occurring in the gird, so the dispatchers can take timely actions to maintain or recover safe and stabile operation of the grid.
Research on the two sections of alarm processing, information model and algorithm, is made in this paper.
Firstly, significance and background of the issue are summarized. The research status of the alarm processing problem is summarized from the aspect of algorithm research and the aspect of information model separately in this paper. The advantages, disadvantages and development trends of the various algorithms are summarized. Then, the characteristics of IEC61850are analyzed and an overview on modeling of primary structure and secondary structure of substation in IEC61850is presented. SCL language and the semantics mode of the SCL language in IEC61850are introduced. The functions and objectives of alarm processing system are presented. Information needs and various possible information sources of the alarm processing are analyzed. The total information flow of alarm processing system is presented.
The action logic models and operation mode models of protection devices are established by using dynamic fault tree. Alarm processing model based on protection operation mode is built. Then, on the basis of the alarm processing model, based on the knowledge base of the alarm processing in view of protection operation modes, a method to generate the knowledge base through extended SCL model is designed.
After that, Depending on analysis of the ability to describe of IEC61850SCL model, by inheriting from base class in SCL class system, contact line class is established. Based on contact line class, SCL models of the related substations are built and the SCL models are extended, obtaining standardized information model for alarm processing.
Finally, examples based on a regional power grid in Guangdong are used to verify generation of extended SCL models and alarm processing Algorithm. The results show that the extended SCL model is able to provide complete and standardized information to alarm processing system, knowledge base based on the extended SCL model is valid and alarm processing algorithm based on protection action mode is proper and efficient.
引文
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[2]Dispatch Control Center Human Factors-Revisited[J]. Power Apparatus and Systems. IEEE Transactions on.1985, PAS-104(6):1294-1300.
[3]Human Factors Review of Dispatch Control Centers[J]. Power Engineering Review, IEEE.1982, PER-2(6):32.
[4]Prince W R, Wollenberg B F, Bertoignolli D B. Survey on excessive alarms [power system control][J]. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on.1989,4(3):950-956.
[5]Wollenberg B F, Sakaguchi T. Artificial intelligence in power system operations[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.1987,75(12):1678-1685.
[6]Kirschen D S, Wollenberg B F. Intelligent alarm processing in power systems[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.1992,80(5):663-672.
[7]文福拴,韩祯祥.基于覆盖集理论和Tabu搜索方法的电力系统警报处理[J].电力系统自动化.1997(2)：21-26.
[8]韦刘红,郭文鑫,文福拴,等.数字化变电站在线智能警报处理系统[J].电力系统自动化.2010(18)：39-45.
[9]郭文鑫,文福拴,廖志伟,等.基于时序约束网络的电力系统在线警报处理解析模型[J].电力系统自动化.2009(21)：36-42.
[10]周曙.基于贝叶斯网的电力系统故障诊断方法研究[D].西南交通大学,2010.
[11]杨健维,何正友.基于时间约束Petri网的电网警报处理及故障诊断[J].电力系统保护与控制.2012(1)：77-84.
[12]王家林,夏立,吴正国,等.电力系统故障诊断研究现状与展望[]].电力系统保护与控制.2010(18)：210-216.
[13]郭创新,朱传柏,曹一家,等.电力系统故障诊断的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电力系统自动化.2006(8)：98-103.
[14]Draft EC 61850:Communication Networks and systems in Substations[S].2004.
[15]Draft IEC 61970:Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)[S].2003.
[16]高湛军,陈青,程婷婷,等.应用于电网故障诊断的统一信息模型[J].电力系统自动化.2010(9)：49-52.
[17]梅念,石东源,段献忠,等.基于扩展公共信息模型的电网故障诊断系统设计[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版).2009(04)：29-32.
[18]郝翠娟,秦立军,汪莹,等.基于扩展公共信息模型的配电网故障诊断研究[J].现代电力.2012(01)：6-9.
[19]Mcarthur S D J, Dysko A, Mcdonald J R, et al. The Application of Model-Based Reasoning within a Decision Support System for Protection Engineers[J]. Power Engineering Review, IEEE.1996,17(13):49.
[20]Mcarthur S D J, Dysko A, Mcdonald J R, et al. The Application of Model-Based Reasoning within a Decision Support System for Protection Engineers[J]. Power Engineering Review, IEEE.1996,17(13):49.
[21]赵冬梅,张东英,徐开理,等.分层分布式电网故障诊断专家系统设计[J].现代电力.2001(3)：41-46.
[22]Hanjin M, Sforna M, Chen-Ching L. A new logic-based alarm analyzer for on-line operational environment[J]. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on.1996,11(3):1600-1606.
[23]HeungJae L, BokShin A, YoungMoon P. A fault diagnosis expert system for distribution substations[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2000,15(1):92-97.
[24]晁进,刘文颖.基于多智能体和专家系统的电网智能警报系统研究[J].现代电力.2010(5)：1-5.
[25]何伟,任涛.基于模糊推理的电网故障诊断专家系统的研究[J].电力系统通信.2008(9)：47-50.
[26]WheiMin L, ChaiHung L, ZhengChi S. Adaptive multiple fault detection and alarm processing for loop system with probabilistic network[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2004, 19(1):64-69.
[27]de Souza J C S, Meza E M, Schilling M T, et al. Alarm processing in electrical power systems through a neuro-fuzzy approach[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2004,19(2):537-544.
[28]刘燕燕.基于模糊神经网络的信息融合在电网故障诊断中的应用[J].继电器.2005(9)：9-11.
[29]杜一,郁惟镛,文华龙.采用神经网络和专家系统的变电站故障诊断系统[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2003(5)：28-29.
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