超导储能装置（SMES）用于改善电力系统稳定性的布局研究
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摘要
随着高温超导线材的开发进展和相关低温技术的不断进步,超导电力设备在电力系统的应用成为电力工程科学领域研究的新热点。其中,超导磁储能装置(Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage,简写为SMES)作为新一类的FACTS设备家族成员,具有优越的性能和广泛的应用前景,是本论文的研究目标。而本课题的主要研究内容是SMES设备在电力系统中的应用情况及其选址方法。
本文首先论述了超导磁储能装置的提出及其对电力系统的应用意义,分析了超导磁储能装置的储能原理和性能特点,论述了其各个主要组成部分的详细结构及其工作原理。同时,在分析各部分工作过程以及整体运行特点的基础上,建立了适用于动态系统分析及仿真的超导磁储能装置的功率响应模型。然后,在电力系统暂态分析工具EMTDC的仿真平台PSCAD中,对含有超导磁储能装置的单机无穷大系统进行了建模和暂态过程仿真分析,仿真的结果显示,超导磁储能装置可以有效地抑制由系统扰动引起的发电机功角振荡,从而提高系统暂态过程的稳定性。
最后,本文针对SMES在电力系统中的安装选址问题,在WSCC 3机9节点系统中,利用PSCAD/EMTDC工具,对不同装设地点下系统的暂态性能进行了仿真比较,并且根据对仿真结果和网络系统发电机特性的分析讨论后,得出对电力系统中SMES设备的安装选址问题具有实际应用意义的结论。而对于多机复杂电力系统,本文分析了超导磁储能装置在电力系统中安装选址的原则以及一般性方法,包括了超导磁储能装置在系统中安装选址的应用目标、分析方法、选择指标等。针对于超导磁储能装置用于改善电力系统暂态稳定性的需求,本文提出了使用控制系数的分析选址方法,在列写系统的线性化状态方程之后,推导了其控制系数指标的具体计算参数,并给出在实际大型电力系统中超导磁储能装置安装选址的具体实施步骤。
With the development of high-temperature superconducting wire and the continuous advancement of related low-temperature technology, the application of superconducting power equipment in power system has become the new hot spot of scientific researches in the field of power engineering. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), a new kind of FACTS devices with good performance, is studied in this thesis, and the research topic of the thesis is the application and optimal location of SMES in power system.
This paper first presents SMES and its application significance to power system, as well as its operation principle and performance characteristics, and further the structure and working principle of its each component are analyzed in detail.Based on the working processes of each part and the analysis of whole operation, the mathematic model of SMES for dynamic analysis and simulation in response to power flow is built.
Then, the modeling and simulation analyses about the transient process of the infinite-bus system with SMES have been carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that SMES can effectively suppress the power-angle oscillation of system generator caused by disturbance, so as to enhance the transient stability of power system.
Finally, for the sake of selecting the location of SMES in power system, simulation analysis and the comparison of the transient performances in a WSCC3 machine 9 bus system with different locations of SMES have been taken.According to the analysis and comparison of the simulation results, several conclusions have been made for the practical layout of SMES. For the complex multi-machine power system, this thesis analyzes the general principle and method of the installation location of SMES, such as the target of application, analysis method and choice of index. For the application of SMES used for improving the transient stability of power system, the analysis method of control index is studied. After listing the linear state equations of system, the detailed parameters of the control index are given, and then the implementation steps for the location of SMES in large complex power system are also proposed.
本文首先论述了超导磁储能装置的提出及其对电力系统的应用意义,分析了超导磁储能装置的储能原理和性能特点,论述了其各个主要组成部分的详细结构及其工作原理。同时,在分析各部分工作过程以及整体运行特点的基础上,建立了适用于动态系统分析及仿真的超导磁储能装置的功率响应模型。然后,在电力系统暂态分析工具EMTDC的仿真平台PSCAD中,对含有超导磁储能装置的单机无穷大系统进行了建模和暂态过程仿真分析,仿真的结果显示,超导磁储能装置可以有效地抑制由系统扰动引起的发电机功角振荡,从而提高系统暂态过程的稳定性。
最后,本文针对SMES在电力系统中的安装选址问题,在WSCC 3机9节点系统中,利用PSCAD/EMTDC工具,对不同装设地点下系统的暂态性能进行了仿真比较,并且根据对仿真结果和网络系统发电机特性的分析讨论后,得出对电力系统中SMES设备的安装选址问题具有实际应用意义的结论。而对于多机复杂电力系统,本文分析了超导磁储能装置在电力系统中安装选址的原则以及一般性方法,包括了超导磁储能装置在系统中安装选址的应用目标、分析方法、选择指标等。针对于超导磁储能装置用于改善电力系统暂态稳定性的需求,本文提出了使用控制系数的分析选址方法,在列写系统的线性化状态方程之后,推导了其控制系数指标的具体计算参数,并给出在实际大型电力系统中超导磁储能装置安装选址的具体实施步骤。
With the development of high-temperature superconducting wire and the continuous advancement of related low-temperature technology, the application of superconducting power equipment in power system has become the new hot spot of scientific researches in the field of power engineering. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), a new kind of FACTS devices with good performance, is studied in this thesis, and the research topic of the thesis is the application and optimal location of SMES in power system.
This paper first presents SMES and its application significance to power system, as well as its operation principle and performance characteristics, and further the structure and working principle of its each component are analyzed in detail.Based on the working processes of each part and the analysis of whole operation, the mathematic model of SMES for dynamic analysis and simulation in response to power flow is built.
Then, the modeling and simulation analyses about the transient process of the infinite-bus system with SMES have been carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that SMES can effectively suppress the power-angle oscillation of system generator caused by disturbance, so as to enhance the transient stability of power system.
Finally, for the sake of selecting the location of SMES in power system, simulation analysis and the comparison of the transient performances in a WSCC3 machine 9 bus system with different locations of SMES have been taken.According to the analysis and comparison of the simulation results, several conclusions have been made for the practical layout of SMES. For the complex multi-machine power system, this thesis analyzes the general principle and method of the installation location of SMES, such as the target of application, analysis method and choice of index. For the application of SMES used for improving the transient stability of power system, the analysis method of control index is studied. After listing the linear state equations of system, the detailed parameters of the control index are given, and then the implementation steps for the location of SMES in large complex power system are also proposed.
引文
[1]陈新耀.电力系统储能问题初步探讨.电池工业,2003,8(4):161-162
[2]程时杰,文劲宇,孙海顺.储能技术及其在现代电力系统中的应用.电气应用,2005,24(4):2-6
[3]黄晓英.超导电磁储能的原理构造及应用.供用电,1995,12(6):52-54
[4]余运佳,超导储能应用于电力方面的研究.高技术通讯,1995,5(11):59-61
[5]赵铁珏,超导储能装置介绍及其提高电力系统暂态稳定性的研究.研究与专论.
[6] Philip.D.Baumann.Energy conservation and environmental benefits that may realized from Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage.IEEE,1992,7(2):253-259
[7]曹彬,蒋晓华.超导储能在改善电能质量方面的应用.科技导报,2008,26(1):47-51
[8]刘逊,朱晓光,褚旭等.基于超导储能的瞬时电压跌落补偿.电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):40-44
[9]蒋晓华.赋予能量管理角色的可控超导储能技术.电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):1-3
[10]余江,曾建平.SMES及其在电力系统中的应用.电力自动化设备,2000,20(3):32-33
[11]刘昌金,胡长生,李霄等.基于超导储能系统的风电场功率控制系统设计.电力系统自动化,2008(16):83-87
[12] Chung-Shih Hsu,Wei-Jen Lee.Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for power system applications.IEEE,1992,29(5):990-993
[13]余运佳,惠东.中大型超导储能装置的研制与应用.中国电力,1997(3):57-59
[14] Aysen Arsoy,Yilu liu,Paulo.F.Ribeiro.Simulation of the Effects of SMES on FACTS Performance.IEEE,2002:505-509
[15] Larson E V,Chow J H.Concept for design of FACTS controllers to damp power swings.IEEE,1995:118-119
[16] Y.del Valle,J.C.Hermandez,G.K.Venayagamoorthy,et al. Optimal STATCOM Sizing and Placement Using Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE,2006:1-5
[17] Lin Zifeng,Min Yong.Selecting the location and the capacity of SMES for on-line steady state security assessment of power systems.2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) ,2004,4,Hong Kong:606-608
[18] Y.Ohsawa,Y.Maruoka,H.Takeno,H.Sugihara.Determination of installation location of SMES for power system stabilization.IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2000,5,Geneva,Switzerland
[19] Sang-Joong Lee.Location of a Superconducting Device in a Power Grid for System Loss Minimization Using Loss Sensitivity.IEEE,2007,17(2):2351-2354
[20] S.Ueda, H.Takeuchi, Y.Ohsawa. Studies on Power System Stabilization by Distributed Allocation of Micro SMES Units.Power System Technology,2002(2):1244-1248
[21] Yuan-Zhi Li,Kenichi Wada,Yasuharu Ohsawa.Optimal Allocation of Micro SMES Units for Power System Stabilization by Means of Genetic Algorithm,International Conference on Power System Technology,2006
[22] Dwaraka S. Padimiti,Badrul H. Chowdhury.Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) for Improved Dynamic System Performance.IEEE,2007(6):1-4244-1298-6
[23] H. Kasahara, S. Akita,K. Tasaki,et al.Basic Characteristic Evaluation of Cryocooler-Cooled HTS Coils.IEEE,2002,12(1):766-769
[24] S. Nagaya,N. Hirano,K. Shikimachi,et al.Development of MJ-Class HTS SMES for Bridging Instantaneous Voltage Dips.IEEE,2004,14(2):770-773
[25] Lawrence.J.Masur,Jürgen Kellers,Feng Li,et al.Industrial High Temperature Superconductors:Perspectives and Milestones.IEEE,2002,12(1):1145-1149
[26] P. Tixador,B. Bellin,M. Deleglise,et al.Design and First Tests of a 800 kJ HTS SMES.IEEE,2007(6):1967-1972
[27] H. J. Kim,K. C. Seong,J. W. Cho,et al.3 MJ/750 kVA SMES System for Improving Power Quality.IEEE,2006,16(2):574-577
[28] W.Nick,K.Prescher.Basic design considerations for a medium-size Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System(SMES).IEEE,1996(6):2268-2271
[29] Xuezhi WU,Xu Chu,Wei Liu,et al.A harmonics-free SMES system.IEEE:1390-1394
[30]李顺,赵彩宏,肖立业.用于超导储能系统的电流调节器试验研究.电力系统自动化,2005(8):76-79
[31] Yan Li,Shijie Cheng,Tang Yuejin,et al. Characteristics of SMES Fed by A Voltage Source Converter and Its Robust Control in Power System.IEEE,2002:2326-2328
[32] Xu Chu,Xiaohua Jiang,Yongchuan Lai,et al.SMES control algorithms for improving customer power quality.IEEE,2001,11(1):1769-1772
[33] Yuang-Shung Lee.Superconducting magnetic energy storage controller design and stability analysis for a power system with various load characteristics.Electric Power Systems Research,1999:33–41
[34]舒乃秋,张新华.超导储能装置变流器控制策略的分析.华北电力技术,2002(12):13-15
[35]关天祺,梅生伟,卢强等.超导储能装置的非线性鲁棒控制器设计.电力系统自动化,2001,25(17):1-6
[36] Yoke Lin Tan , Youyi Wang . Augmentation of transient stability using asuperconducting coil and adaptive nonlinear control.IEEE,1998,13(2):361-366
[37]江全元,程时杰,曹一家等.基于遗传算法的超导磁储能装置H2/ H∞鲁棒控制器设计.电力系统自动化,2002,26(12):14-17
[38]舒乃秋,张新华.基于哈密顿系统理论的超导储能装置控制器的设计.电力自动化设备,2003,23(3):64-66
[39] Hui Zhang , Ping Liu , Pengcheng Zhu , et al . Study of DSP controlled Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage in dynamic simulation test of power system.IEEE,2001:2185-2189
[40] Ronald Kreutz,Heinrich Salbert,Detlef Krischel,et al.Design of a 150 kJ High- SMES(HSMES) for a 20kVA uninterruptible power supply system.IEEE,2003,13(2):1860-1862
[41]吴起凡,吴美潮.超导储能与超导变电站.电工技术杂志,2004(2):76-78
[42]林良真,叶林.电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD/EMTDC.电网技术,2000,24(1):65-67
[43]杨健维,麦瑞坤,何正友.PSCAD/EMTDC与Matlab接口研究.电力自动化设备,2007,27(11):83-86
[44] Prabha.Kundur.电力系统稳定与控制,中国电力出版社,北京,2002:244-246
[45] Zheng Li,Ma Weixin.Application of SMES system with a comprehensive for enhancing transient stability.APSCOM 2000,Hong Kong,2000,10:225-228
[46] P.M.安德逊,A.A.佛阿德.电力系统的控制与稳定(第一卷)[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[47]郑丽,马维新,李立春.超导储能装置提高电力系统暂态稳定性的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(3):75-79
[48] B.Kalyan Kumar,S.N. Singh and S.C. Srivastava.Placement of FACTS controllers using modal controllability indices to damp out power system oscillations .IET Gener. Transm. Distrib.,2007,1(2):210-216
[49]刘天琪.现代电力系统分析理论与方法.北京:中国电力出版社,2007:189-191
[50] Singh.S.N.,David.A.K..A new approach for placement of FACTS devices in open power market.IEEE Power Eng. Rev.,2001,21 (9):58–60
[2]程时杰,文劲宇,孙海顺.储能技术及其在现代电力系统中的应用.电气应用,2005,24(4):2-6
[3]黄晓英.超导电磁储能的原理构造及应用.供用电,1995,12(6):52-54
[4]余运佳,超导储能应用于电力方面的研究.高技术通讯,1995,5(11):59-61
[5]赵铁珏,超导储能装置介绍及其提高电力系统暂态稳定性的研究.研究与专论.
[6] Philip.D.Baumann.Energy conservation and environmental benefits that may realized from Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage.IEEE,1992,7(2):253-259
[7]曹彬,蒋晓华.超导储能在改善电能质量方面的应用.科技导报,2008,26(1):47-51
[8]刘逊,朱晓光,褚旭等.基于超导储能的瞬时电压跌落补偿.电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):40-44
[9]蒋晓华.赋予能量管理角色的可控超导储能技术.电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):1-3
[10]余江,曾建平.SMES及其在电力系统中的应用.电力自动化设备,2000,20(3):32-33
[11]刘昌金,胡长生,李霄等.基于超导储能系统的风电场功率控制系统设计.电力系统自动化,2008(16):83-87
[12] Chung-Shih Hsu,Wei-Jen Lee.Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for power system applications.IEEE,1992,29(5):990-993
[13]余运佳,惠东.中大型超导储能装置的研制与应用.中国电力,1997(3):57-59
[14] Aysen Arsoy,Yilu liu,Paulo.F.Ribeiro.Simulation of the Effects of SMES on FACTS Performance.IEEE,2002:505-509
[15] Larson E V,Chow J H.Concept for design of FACTS controllers to damp power swings.IEEE,1995:118-119
[16] Y.del Valle,J.C.Hermandez,G.K.Venayagamoorthy,et al. Optimal STATCOM Sizing and Placement Using Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE,2006:1-5
[17] Lin Zifeng,Min Yong.Selecting the location and the capacity of SMES for on-line steady state security assessment of power systems.2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) ,2004,4,Hong Kong:606-608
[18] Y.Ohsawa,Y.Maruoka,H.Takeno,H.Sugihara.Determination of installation location of SMES for power system stabilization.IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2000,5,Geneva,Switzerland
[19] Sang-Joong Lee.Location of a Superconducting Device in a Power Grid for System Loss Minimization Using Loss Sensitivity.IEEE,2007,17(2):2351-2354
[20] S.Ueda, H.Takeuchi, Y.Ohsawa. Studies on Power System Stabilization by Distributed Allocation of Micro SMES Units.Power System Technology,2002(2):1244-1248
[21] Yuan-Zhi Li,Kenichi Wada,Yasuharu Ohsawa.Optimal Allocation of Micro SMES Units for Power System Stabilization by Means of Genetic Algorithm,International Conference on Power System Technology,2006
[22] Dwaraka S. Padimiti,Badrul H. Chowdhury.Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) for Improved Dynamic System Performance.IEEE,2007(6):1-4244-1298-6
[23] H. Kasahara, S. Akita,K. Tasaki,et al.Basic Characteristic Evaluation of Cryocooler-Cooled HTS Coils.IEEE,2002,12(1):766-769
[24] S. Nagaya,N. Hirano,K. Shikimachi,et al.Development of MJ-Class HTS SMES for Bridging Instantaneous Voltage Dips.IEEE,2004,14(2):770-773
[25] Lawrence.J.Masur,Jürgen Kellers,Feng Li,et al.Industrial High Temperature Superconductors:Perspectives and Milestones.IEEE,2002,12(1):1145-1149
[26] P. Tixador,B. Bellin,M. Deleglise,et al.Design and First Tests of a 800 kJ HTS SMES.IEEE,2007(6):1967-1972
[27] H. J. Kim,K. C. Seong,J. W. Cho,et al.3 MJ/750 kVA SMES System for Improving Power Quality.IEEE,2006,16(2):574-577
[28] W.Nick,K.Prescher.Basic design considerations for a medium-size Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System(SMES).IEEE,1996(6):2268-2271
[29] Xuezhi WU,Xu Chu,Wei Liu,et al.A harmonics-free SMES system.IEEE:1390-1394
[30]李顺,赵彩宏,肖立业.用于超导储能系统的电流调节器试验研究.电力系统自动化,2005(8):76-79
[31] Yan Li,Shijie Cheng,Tang Yuejin,et al. Characteristics of SMES Fed by A Voltage Source Converter and Its Robust Control in Power System.IEEE,2002:2326-2328
[32] Xu Chu,Xiaohua Jiang,Yongchuan Lai,et al.SMES control algorithms for improving customer power quality.IEEE,2001,11(1):1769-1772
[33] Yuang-Shung Lee.Superconducting magnetic energy storage controller design and stability analysis for a power system with various load characteristics.Electric Power Systems Research,1999:33–41
[34]舒乃秋,张新华.超导储能装置变流器控制策略的分析.华北电力技术,2002(12):13-15
[35]关天祺,梅生伟,卢强等.超导储能装置的非线性鲁棒控制器设计.电力系统自动化,2001,25(17):1-6
[36] Yoke Lin Tan , Youyi Wang . Augmentation of transient stability using asuperconducting coil and adaptive nonlinear control.IEEE,1998,13(2):361-366
[37]江全元,程时杰,曹一家等.基于遗传算法的超导磁储能装置H2/ H∞鲁棒控制器设计.电力系统自动化,2002,26(12):14-17
[38]舒乃秋,张新华.基于哈密顿系统理论的超导储能装置控制器的设计.电力自动化设备,2003,23(3):64-66
[39] Hui Zhang , Ping Liu , Pengcheng Zhu , et al . Study of DSP controlled Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage in dynamic simulation test of power system.IEEE,2001:2185-2189
[40] Ronald Kreutz,Heinrich Salbert,Detlef Krischel,et al.Design of a 150 kJ High- SMES(HSMES) for a 20kVA uninterruptible power supply system.IEEE,2003,13(2):1860-1862
[41]吴起凡,吴美潮.超导储能与超导变电站.电工技术杂志,2004(2):76-78
[42]林良真,叶林.电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD/EMTDC.电网技术,2000,24(1):65-67
[43]杨健维,麦瑞坤,何正友.PSCAD/EMTDC与Matlab接口研究.电力自动化设备,2007,27(11):83-86
[44] Prabha.Kundur.电力系统稳定与控制,中国电力出版社,北京,2002:244-246
[45] Zheng Li,Ma Weixin.Application of SMES system with a comprehensive for enhancing transient stability.APSCOM 2000,Hong Kong,2000,10:225-228
[46] P.M.安德逊,A.A.佛阿德.电力系统的控制与稳定(第一卷)[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[47]郑丽,马维新,李立春.超导储能装置提高电力系统暂态稳定性的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(3):75-79
[48] B.Kalyan Kumar,S.N. Singh and S.C. Srivastava.Placement of FACTS controllers using modal controllability indices to damp out power system oscillations .IET Gener. Transm. Distrib.,2007,1(2):210-216
[49]刘天琪.现代电力系统分析理论与方法.北京:中国电力出版社,2007:189-191
[50] Singh.S.N.,David.A.K..A new approach for placement of FACTS devices in open power market.IEEE Power Eng. Rev.,2001,21 (9):58–60