河北省自然保护区规划和管理有效性评估
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摘要
本研究应用空缺性分析(GAP)和自然保护区管理有效性快速评估(RAPPAM)方法,从重点保护物种、优先保护生态系统和优先保护区域威胁分析方面,确定了河北省优先保护区域,结合河北省已建的自然保护区情况和对河北省自然保护区管理有效性评估分析,对河北省自然保护区规划和管理提出了建议。
研究结果表明:
(1)目前虽然河北省建立了一定数量的保护区,但保护网络仍很不健全。潜在生境分析表明,河北省重点保护物种的潜在生境为43112.22Km2,而目前河北省保护区网络仅覆盖了8.06%的潜在生境,这与国际上要保护一个地区10%～20%的标准还有一定的差距。
(2)在选取的39种重点保护物种中,除了草苁蓉没有在自然保护区分布,其它物种至少在一个以上的保护区有分布。
(3)羊茅、蒿类、杂类草草原,大针茅草原,贝加尔针茅、杂类草草原,白羊草、杂类草草原和芦苇草甸5类优先保护生态系统类型没有在自然保护区出现,存在明显保护空缺。
(4)根据重点保护物种的数量和优先保护生态系统类型,确定了河北省5个优先保护区域,空缺优先性从高到低的排列顺序依次是:坝上草原西部和燕山中部承德地区(空缺排序值相同)、冀北山地区、冀西山地区和东部沿海地区。5个优先区中自然保护区的总面积占优先区总面积的5.5%。只有东部沿海湿地优先区保护区覆盖面积超过10%,冀西山地优先区保护区覆盖面积不足5%,坝上草原西部优先区没有保护区分布。
(5)河北省自然保护区面临的威胁主要是:火灾、旅游、非木质林产品采集、偷猎、放牧、薪柴采集、采矿探矿、盗伐、架输电线路、修建公路和自然灾害等。
(6)河北省自然保护区总体管理水平不高,大多数自然保护区缺乏科研、监测与评估工作,很多自然保护区资源本底不清。
通过上述研究和分析,对河北省自然保护区的发展提出了以下建议:
(1)坝上草原西部虽然生物多样性不是很高,但是受人类威胁程度很高,并且至今没有建立自然保护区,建议政府加快建立自然保护区,在该区域进行抢救性保护。
(2)冀西山地区生物多样性价值较高,而且这里分布着中国特产雉类--褐马鸡,为加强对褐马鸡的保护,建议政府在建立自然保护区时可以优先考虑褐马鸡的潜在适宜生境涿鹿南山地区以及涞源县白石山地区。
(3)建议在张家口坝上建立湿地保护区,保护安固里淖和闪电河流域湿地,不仅对湿地和鸟类保护具有重要意义,而且对于为北京阻沙源、保水源、调节气候等方面具有特别的意义。
(4)河北省雾灵山自然保护区是全国51个示范自然保护区之一,应充分发挥其示范自然保护区的作用,在保护区的各种建设和管理模式上进行深入的探讨和研究,逐步提高河北省自然保护区整体管理水平。
(5)河北省自然保护区应由重视数量型向重视质量型发展,加强机构建设,加强基础性工作,全面开展保护区的资源本底调查,建立资源档案。
Based on Geographic Approach to Protect Biological Diversity (GAP) and Rapid Assessment of Prioritization and Protect Area Management (RAPPAM), the priority areas in Hebei Province are identified through analyses of key protected species, priority ecosystems for conservation and the major threat to priority conservation areas. Integrating current situation with management effectiveness evaluation of the nature reserves in Hebei province, some recommendations were put forwarded to improve the nature reserve planning and management.
The main results of this research are as follows:
(1)The network of nature reserves in Hebei Provinc is still to be improved although a lot of nature reserves have been established. The nature reserves cover only 8.06 percent of the potential habitats of the protected species in Hebei province, but the total area of their potential habitats is about 43112.22 km2 . There is thus a big gap with the international standard for 10%～20%.
(2)Among the 39 key protected species selected for this study, 38 species exist in at least one nature reserve except Boschniakia rossica
(3)None of the following five types of priority ecosystems is under protection of current nature reserve network in Hebei Province: Festuca ovina,Artemisia spp. , forb steppe,Stipa grandis steppe,Stipa baicalensis,forb steppe,Bothriochloa ischaemum,forb steppe and Phragmites communis meadow. There is thus an obvious gap in conservation of these ecosystems.
(4)Five priority regions were identified for protection based on the number of key protected species and type of priority ecosystems. They were ranked according to their gap priority from high to low: Western Bashan Grassland & Chengde region of middle Yanshan Mountain (both have the same gap priority value); Mountainous region of Northern Hebei, Mountainous region of Western Hebei, and South-east coastal region of Hebei. The area of the nature reserves in these five priority regions is only 5.5 percent of the total area of the five regions. The area of nature reserves is about 10% of the total area in the South-east coastal region, but less than 5% in the Mountainous region of Western Hebei. There is no a nature reserve in the Bashang grassland region.
(5)The main threats to nature reserves in Hebei province are forest fire, tourism, over-collection of non-timber forest products, poaching, herding, collection of fuel-wood, mining & exploration, illegal logging; exploring, construction of power grids and roads,and natural disasters.
(6)The overall management of nature reserves is poor in Hebei province as demonstrated by the lack of scientific research, monitoring and evaluation in most nature reserves, and lack of resource inventory for many nature reserves.
Based on the above analysis, following proposals were put forward to improve management and planning of nature reserves in Hebei province:
(1)A nature reserve in western Bashang Grassland region should be set up as soon as possible because of high threats to biodiversity and lack of any nature reserve in this area.
(2)As the potentially suitable habitat for Crossoptilon mantchuricum, Zhuolu Nanshan and Baishishan of Laiyuan county should be given priority for setting up nature reserves. in order to decrease the Isolated Island Effects on Crossoptilon mantchuricum.
(3)A wetland nature reserve in Bashang region of Zhangjiakou should be set up to protect Anguli Lake and Wetland of Shandianhe River basin, which is important not only for protecting wetland and birds, and also for protection of water resources and climate modulation for Beijing.
(4)The Wuling Mountain nature reserve, one of 51 designated demonstration nature reserves in China, should collect and disseminate best practice in management and construction of nature reserves in order to improve the management of nature reserves in Hebei Province.
(5)The strategic approach should be shifted from emphasis on quantity to emphasis on quality of nature reserves. Institutional building and basic work should be strengthened, and wide-range baseline surveys should be conducted to set up resource inventory.
研究结果表明:
(1)目前虽然河北省建立了一定数量的保护区,但保护网络仍很不健全。潜在生境分析表明,河北省重点保护物种的潜在生境为43112.22Km2,而目前河北省保护区网络仅覆盖了8.06%的潜在生境,这与国际上要保护一个地区10%～20%的标准还有一定的差距。
(2)在选取的39种重点保护物种中,除了草苁蓉没有在自然保护区分布,其它物种至少在一个以上的保护区有分布。
(3)羊茅、蒿类、杂类草草原,大针茅草原,贝加尔针茅、杂类草草原,白羊草、杂类草草原和芦苇草甸5类优先保护生态系统类型没有在自然保护区出现,存在明显保护空缺。
(4)根据重点保护物种的数量和优先保护生态系统类型,确定了河北省5个优先保护区域,空缺优先性从高到低的排列顺序依次是:坝上草原西部和燕山中部承德地区(空缺排序值相同)、冀北山地区、冀西山地区和东部沿海地区。5个优先区中自然保护区的总面积占优先区总面积的5.5%。只有东部沿海湿地优先区保护区覆盖面积超过10%,冀西山地优先区保护区覆盖面积不足5%,坝上草原西部优先区没有保护区分布。
(5)河北省自然保护区面临的威胁主要是:火灾、旅游、非木质林产品采集、偷猎、放牧、薪柴采集、采矿探矿、盗伐、架输电线路、修建公路和自然灾害等。
(6)河北省自然保护区总体管理水平不高,大多数自然保护区缺乏科研、监测与评估工作,很多自然保护区资源本底不清。
通过上述研究和分析,对河北省自然保护区的发展提出了以下建议:
(1)坝上草原西部虽然生物多样性不是很高,但是受人类威胁程度很高,并且至今没有建立自然保护区,建议政府加快建立自然保护区,在该区域进行抢救性保护。
(2)冀西山地区生物多样性价值较高,而且这里分布着中国特产雉类--褐马鸡,为加强对褐马鸡的保护,建议政府在建立自然保护区时可以优先考虑褐马鸡的潜在适宜生境涿鹿南山地区以及涞源县白石山地区。
(3)建议在张家口坝上建立湿地保护区,保护安固里淖和闪电河流域湿地,不仅对湿地和鸟类保护具有重要意义,而且对于为北京阻沙源、保水源、调节气候等方面具有特别的意义。
(4)河北省雾灵山自然保护区是全国51个示范自然保护区之一,应充分发挥其示范自然保护区的作用,在保护区的各种建设和管理模式上进行深入的探讨和研究,逐步提高河北省自然保护区整体管理水平。
(5)河北省自然保护区应由重视数量型向重视质量型发展,加强机构建设,加强基础性工作,全面开展保护区的资源本底调查,建立资源档案。
Based on Geographic Approach to Protect Biological Diversity (GAP) and Rapid Assessment of Prioritization and Protect Area Management (RAPPAM), the priority areas in Hebei Province are identified through analyses of key protected species, priority ecosystems for conservation and the major threat to priority conservation areas. Integrating current situation with management effectiveness evaluation of the nature reserves in Hebei province, some recommendations were put forwarded to improve the nature reserve planning and management.
The main results of this research are as follows:
(1)The network of nature reserves in Hebei Provinc is still to be improved although a lot of nature reserves have been established. The nature reserves cover only 8.06 percent of the potential habitats of the protected species in Hebei province, but the total area of their potential habitats is about 43112.22 km2 . There is thus a big gap with the international standard for 10%～20%.
(2)Among the 39 key protected species selected for this study, 38 species exist in at least one nature reserve except Boschniakia rossica
(3)None of the following five types of priority ecosystems is under protection of current nature reserve network in Hebei Province: Festuca ovina,Artemisia spp. , forb steppe,Stipa grandis steppe,Stipa baicalensis,forb steppe,Bothriochloa ischaemum,forb steppe and Phragmites communis meadow. There is thus an obvious gap in conservation of these ecosystems.
(4)Five priority regions were identified for protection based on the number of key protected species and type of priority ecosystems. They were ranked according to their gap priority from high to low: Western Bashan Grassland & Chengde region of middle Yanshan Mountain (both have the same gap priority value); Mountainous region of Northern Hebei, Mountainous region of Western Hebei, and South-east coastal region of Hebei. The area of the nature reserves in these five priority regions is only 5.5 percent of the total area of the five regions. The area of nature reserves is about 10% of the total area in the South-east coastal region, but less than 5% in the Mountainous region of Western Hebei. There is no a nature reserve in the Bashang grassland region.
(5)The main threats to nature reserves in Hebei province are forest fire, tourism, over-collection of non-timber forest products, poaching, herding, collection of fuel-wood, mining & exploration, illegal logging; exploring, construction of power grids and roads,and natural disasters.
(6)The overall management of nature reserves is poor in Hebei province as demonstrated by the lack of scientific research, monitoring and evaluation in most nature reserves, and lack of resource inventory for many nature reserves.
Based on the above analysis, following proposals were put forward to improve management and planning of nature reserves in Hebei province:
(1)A nature reserve in western Bashang Grassland region should be set up as soon as possible because of high threats to biodiversity and lack of any nature reserve in this area.
(2)As the potentially suitable habitat for Crossoptilon mantchuricum, Zhuolu Nanshan and Baishishan of Laiyuan county should be given priority for setting up nature reserves. in order to decrease the Isolated Island Effects on Crossoptilon mantchuricum.
(3)A wetland nature reserve in Bashang region of Zhangjiakou should be set up to protect Anguli Lake and Wetland of Shandianhe River basin, which is important not only for protecting wetland and birds, and also for protection of water resources and climate modulation for Beijing.
(4)The Wuling Mountain nature reserve, one of 51 designated demonstration nature reserves in China, should collect and disseminate best practice in management and construction of nature reserves in order to improve the management of nature reserves in Hebei Province.
(5)The strategic approach should be shifted from emphasis on quantity to emphasis on quality of nature reserves. Institutional building and basic work should be strengthened, and wide-range baseline surveys should be conducted to set up resource inventory.
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