胎压报警器用压电供电系统设计与实验研究
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摘要
提出利用悬臂梁型压电振子作为能量转换器件构造微型发电装置驱动直接式汽车轮胎压力监测系统(Tire Pressure Monitoring System,简称TPMS)的方案,并从理论和试验两方面进行了系统研究。
首先利用仿真模拟和实验分析的方法得出悬臂支撑压电振子发电能力强于简支支撑压电振子。然后通过对压电振子的动态特性分析,建立压电振子结构参数与其有效机电耦合系数、品质因数、机电转换效率、谐振频率及电能输出量之间的函数关系,优选压电振子的结构参数。
根据悬臂梁型压电振子理论模型,建立了悬臂梁型压电发电装置的数学模型,提取影响压电振子频率特性的关键要素,定性地分析影响TPMS用压电发电装置发电能力的相关因素(包括端部集中质量块、压电振子安装方式、结构参数等),并进行试验验证;
利用理论计算和实验分析的方法研究了超级电容和普通电容的充放电特性,通过对比分析得出普通电容更适合作为发电装置输出电量的存储介质的结论。在以普通电容作为存储器的基础上,结合胎压报警器的工作要求,设计了电源控制电路,通过该电路可以将压电发电装置产生的驱动传感器工作的电能进行有效的积累,并在积累到满足TPMS的供电要求时将电能瞬间释放,实现了压电发电的智能控制和利用;
在理论和实验研究基础上,开发制作了样机并对其相关性能进行了实验分析。实验结果表明,所设计的供电系统(包括压电发电装置和电源控制电路)能够满足TPMS的供电要求,汽车从启动到TPMS发射模块正常工作时间小于5min。
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is mainly used to monitor tire pressure in real-time when driving and to monitoring of on a flat tire and low pressure to alarm driver when meeting a flat tire or loss of air pressure in a tire and to ensure traffic safety, it is a security early warning systems. The mainstream of the TPMS in the market need battery-powered, but there are some unfavorable factors such as limited life and greatly affected by temperature, which reduce the reliability of TPMS. In addition, improper handling of used batteries will pollute the environment. Therefore, the passive of TPMS is the direction of development in the future, while the use of micro-power generatior alternative to battery powered TPMS into a viable technical solutions.
Piezoelectric power generation device which is use of piezoelectric vibrator to harvest mechanical force to generate electrical energy is called micro-electricity generation device that is an important part and researching focus in micro-power generation , There are more than ten counties and regions all over the world in which there are the research institutions of piezoelectric power generation. With many merits such as simple structure, small body, no interfere of electromagnetism and easy to implement etc, it has broad application prospects in low-power radio frequency field.
In order to solve the problem of the passive of TPMS, the influences of the composed elements of piezoelectric power generation system driving TPMS on its performance are studied in this paper, such as the PZT vibrator, additional mass block and piezoelectric vibrator installation , and so on.To solve the cantilever-type piezoelectric generating device with limited power output can not be drive TPMS directly, a micro-power power automatic adjustment circuit which can provide high current for TPMS intermittently is designed. To achieve high output ability of piezoelectric generating device, a piezoelectric power generation prototype which include multi-piezo-vibrators is presented and fabricated. And then, the relationships between external excitation conditions and the output performance are investigated theoretically and experimentally, finally the working performance of the piezoelectric power generation device connecting storage and control circuit is tested.
The PZT vibrator is one of the most important element of piezoelectric power generation device, whose performance influences the output ability of piezoelectric power generation device directly. At first according to Hamilton's principle and relative knowledge of piezoelectricity , a cantilever-type piezoelectric oscillator of the mathematical model has been established, and then its equivalent electromechanical system model was found. Based on this, the relationship between structure parameter (Thickness ratio) as well as material parameter (Young's modulus ratio) of the PZT vibrator and performance parameters (including the resonant frequency, the energy conversion efficiency and energy output etc.) is figured out. The PZT vibrator designed based on the structure parameter and material parameter mentioned above has good comprehensive performance and can achieve the greatest energy conversion efficiency and output power for a piezoelectric power generation device with limited-body.
A simplified model of piezoelectric power generation device has been established to analyze theoretically the main factors which include the influence of additional mass block and the installation of piezoelectric vibrator affecting the performance of piezoelectric power generation device, and then the result has been confirmed experimentally. The structural parameters and material properties of piezoelectric monomorph cantilever generator for TPMS are determined, and the quality of added-mass calculation as well as piezoelectric vibrator viable installation is given.
Charge and discharge characteristics of th super-capacitor and the general capacitor of capacitor are studied theoretically and experimentally, and the general capacitor of capacitor is more suitable as a regular storage medium for piezoelectric power generation. The storage and control circuit which can provide intermittently high current output has been designed according to power generation characteristics of piezoelectric power generation and actual application.
A piezoelectric power generation prototype which include multi-piezo-vibrators has been fabricated, and then the entire power supply system (piezoelectric power generation device and storage and control circuit) is tested. The results showed that speed and road conditions are the main external factors which affect the performance of piezoelectric power generation device, and the power supply system which is able to meet the work requirements of TPMS in a variety of speed(>25km/h) and road conditions is stable and reliable in addition to car just started a period of time (<5min) outside.
首先利用仿真模拟和实验分析的方法得出悬臂支撑压电振子发电能力强于简支支撑压电振子。然后通过对压电振子的动态特性分析,建立压电振子结构参数与其有效机电耦合系数、品质因数、机电转换效率、谐振频率及电能输出量之间的函数关系,优选压电振子的结构参数。
根据悬臂梁型压电振子理论模型,建立了悬臂梁型压电发电装置的数学模型,提取影响压电振子频率特性的关键要素,定性地分析影响TPMS用压电发电装置发电能力的相关因素(包括端部集中质量块、压电振子安装方式、结构参数等),并进行试验验证;
利用理论计算和实验分析的方法研究了超级电容和普通电容的充放电特性,通过对比分析得出普通电容更适合作为发电装置输出电量的存储介质的结论。在以普通电容作为存储器的基础上,结合胎压报警器的工作要求,设计了电源控制电路,通过该电路可以将压电发电装置产生的驱动传感器工作的电能进行有效的积累,并在积累到满足TPMS的供电要求时将电能瞬间释放,实现了压电发电的智能控制和利用;
在理论和实验研究基础上,开发制作了样机并对其相关性能进行了实验分析。实验结果表明,所设计的供电系统(包括压电发电装置和电源控制电路)能够满足TPMS的供电要求,汽车从启动到TPMS发射模块正常工作时间小于5min。
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is mainly used to monitor tire pressure in real-time when driving and to monitoring of on a flat tire and low pressure to alarm driver when meeting a flat tire or loss of air pressure in a tire and to ensure traffic safety, it is a security early warning systems. The mainstream of the TPMS in the market need battery-powered, but there are some unfavorable factors such as limited life and greatly affected by temperature, which reduce the reliability of TPMS. In addition, improper handling of used batteries will pollute the environment. Therefore, the passive of TPMS is the direction of development in the future, while the use of micro-power generatior alternative to battery powered TPMS into a viable technical solutions.
Piezoelectric power generation device which is use of piezoelectric vibrator to harvest mechanical force to generate electrical energy is called micro-electricity generation device that is an important part and researching focus in micro-power generation , There are more than ten counties and regions all over the world in which there are the research institutions of piezoelectric power generation. With many merits such as simple structure, small body, no interfere of electromagnetism and easy to implement etc, it has broad application prospects in low-power radio frequency field.
In order to solve the problem of the passive of TPMS, the influences of the composed elements of piezoelectric power generation system driving TPMS on its performance are studied in this paper, such as the PZT vibrator, additional mass block and piezoelectric vibrator installation , and so on.To solve the cantilever-type piezoelectric generating device with limited power output can not be drive TPMS directly, a micro-power power automatic adjustment circuit which can provide high current for TPMS intermittently is designed. To achieve high output ability of piezoelectric generating device, a piezoelectric power generation prototype which include multi-piezo-vibrators is presented and fabricated. And then, the relationships between external excitation conditions and the output performance are investigated theoretically and experimentally, finally the working performance of the piezoelectric power generation device connecting storage and control circuit is tested.
The PZT vibrator is one of the most important element of piezoelectric power generation device, whose performance influences the output ability of piezoelectric power generation device directly. At first according to Hamilton's principle and relative knowledge of piezoelectricity , a cantilever-type piezoelectric oscillator of the mathematical model has been established, and then its equivalent electromechanical system model was found. Based on this, the relationship between structure parameter (Thickness ratio) as well as material parameter (Young's modulus ratio) of the PZT vibrator and performance parameters (including the resonant frequency, the energy conversion efficiency and energy output etc.) is figured out. The PZT vibrator designed based on the structure parameter and material parameter mentioned above has good comprehensive performance and can achieve the greatest energy conversion efficiency and output power for a piezoelectric power generation device with limited-body.
A simplified model of piezoelectric power generation device has been established to analyze theoretically the main factors which include the influence of additional mass block and the installation of piezoelectric vibrator affecting the performance of piezoelectric power generation device, and then the result has been confirmed experimentally. The structural parameters and material properties of piezoelectric monomorph cantilever generator for TPMS are determined, and the quality of added-mass calculation as well as piezoelectric vibrator viable installation is given.
Charge and discharge characteristics of th super-capacitor and the general capacitor of capacitor are studied theoretically and experimentally, and the general capacitor of capacitor is more suitable as a regular storage medium for piezoelectric power generation. The storage and control circuit which can provide intermittently high current output has been designed according to power generation characteristics of piezoelectric power generation and actual application.
A piezoelectric power generation prototype which include multi-piezo-vibrators has been fabricated, and then the entire power supply system (piezoelectric power generation device and storage and control circuit) is tested. The results showed that speed and road conditions are the main external factors which affect the performance of piezoelectric power generation device, and the power supply system which is able to meet the work requirements of TPMS in a variety of speed(>25km/h) and road conditions is stable and reliable in addition to car just started a period of time (<5min) outside.
引文
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