石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土导电性能影响因素的研究
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摘要
本文利用钢纤维和石墨等材料作为导电相，对渗浇砂浆进行了电性能改良，利用SIFCON制造工艺，成功制成了石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土(Graphite Slurry InfiltratedFiber Concrete，简称GSIFCON)，并对GSIFCON导电性能的影响因素以及导电机理进行了研究和总结。
首先，试验对比了两电极法、四电极法和两电极组合法测量电阻的准确性，发现四电极法和两电极组合法都能消除接触电阻的影响，得到比较准确的结果。考虑到两电极组合法的繁琐，本文选用四电极法作为试验的电阻测试方案。在研究GSIFCON导电性能影响因素的试验中，对影响GSIFCON电阻率的内部因素(如钢纤维体积掺量、石墨掺量、阻锈剂、水胶比和胶砂比等)和外部条件(如龄期、外加电压及含水率等)进行了研究，得到以下结论：(1)钢纤维体积掺量是影响GSIFCON电阻率的首要因素；(2)适当的石墨掺量能降低GSIFCON的电阻率；(3)阻锈剂的掺入不仅能降低GSIFCON的电阻率，还能保证GSIFCON导电性能的稳定性，提高它的耐久性；(4)水胶比和胶砂比对GSIFCON的密实度有着重要影响；(5)GSIFCON的电阻率随着龄期的增长而增大；(6)在直流低电压下，GSIFCON的电阻率基本不变；(7)GSIFCON的电阻率随含水率的增大而增大，同一含水率的情况下，掺阻锈剂的GSIFCON的电阻率比不掺阻锈剂的要小得多。本文对这些试验现象及试验结果也进行了简单分析。
在研究单一导电相的导电混凝土(石墨导电混凝土和钢纤维导电混凝土)导电机理的基础上，本文依据得到的试验现象和数据，总结了GSIFCON的内部导电机理。根据内部导电网络机理，对试验现象进行了较为科学合理的解释，从而进一步验证了导电网络机理的科学性。
After changing the electric conductivity of infiltrated mortar, the graphite slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (GSIFCON) is configured using the processing technique of SIFCON, as well as taking steel fibers and graphite as conductive media in this paper. Moreover, the factors which can affect its electric conductivity performance and its electric mechanism are investigated and summarized in this paper.
Firstly, the experiment is made to contrast the veracity of the schemes in testing the resistance. The schemes are two- electrode method、four- electrode method and two- electrode compounding method. It is found that both four- electrode method and two- electrode compounding method can eliminate the error the contact resistance arouses. But considering so many steps of the latter, four- electrode method is selected as scheme for testing the resistances of the samples. In the experiments, no matter the inside condition or the external condition, the factors which can affect the electric conductivity performance of GSIFCON are studied. These factors are the inner (including the content of steel fiber,the content of graphite, the rust inhibitor, the binder ratios and cement aggregate ratios) and the external (including age, the power-supply-voltage and humidity). We can gain conclusions as follows: (1) The content of steel fiber is the most principal factor to affect the electric conductivity of GSIFCON; (2) The appropriate content of graphite can make the electric conductivity of GSIFCON lower; (3) Mixing the rust inhibitor into GSIFCON can also make the electric conductivity of GSIFCON lower, and can ensure the electric conductivity performance of GSIFCON stabilized to improve durability; (4) The binder ratio and cement aggregate ratio are significant for the close-grained extent of GSIFCON; (5) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are larger with the age longer; (6) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are invariable basically under the low volts d.c; (7) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are larger with the water ratios longer; The resistance ratios of GSIFCON mixed into the rust inhibitor are lower than GSIFCON not mixed into the rust inhibitor with the same water ratios. In addition, some simple analysis is made on the phenomena and data.
Afterward, the electric mechanisms of the conductive concretes in which there is only one electric material (the graphite conductive concrete and the steel fiber conductive concrete) are analyzed. Basing on the two kinds of electric mechanisms and the phenomena and data from the experiments, the-electric mechanism of GSIFCON is summarized. In the end, the phenomena are explained scientificly and reasonably by the electric mechanism of the electric network, which validates that the electric mechanism is scientific.
首先，试验对比了两电极法、四电极法和两电极组合法测量电阻的准确性，发现四电极法和两电极组合法都能消除接触电阻的影响，得到比较准确的结果。考虑到两电极组合法的繁琐，本文选用四电极法作为试验的电阻测试方案。在研究GSIFCON导电性能影响因素的试验中，对影响GSIFCON电阻率的内部因素(如钢纤维体积掺量、石墨掺量、阻锈剂、水胶比和胶砂比等)和外部条件(如龄期、外加电压及含水率等)进行了研究，得到以下结论：(1)钢纤维体积掺量是影响GSIFCON电阻率的首要因素；(2)适当的石墨掺量能降低GSIFCON的电阻率；(3)阻锈剂的掺入不仅能降低GSIFCON的电阻率，还能保证GSIFCON导电性能的稳定性，提高它的耐久性；(4)水胶比和胶砂比对GSIFCON的密实度有着重要影响；(5)GSIFCON的电阻率随着龄期的增长而增大；(6)在直流低电压下，GSIFCON的电阻率基本不变；(7)GSIFCON的电阻率随含水率的增大而增大，同一含水率的情况下，掺阻锈剂的GSIFCON的电阻率比不掺阻锈剂的要小得多。本文对这些试验现象及试验结果也进行了简单分析。
在研究单一导电相的导电混凝土(石墨导电混凝土和钢纤维导电混凝土)导电机理的基础上，本文依据得到的试验现象和数据，总结了GSIFCON的内部导电机理。根据内部导电网络机理，对试验现象进行了较为科学合理的解释，从而进一步验证了导电网络机理的科学性。
After changing the electric conductivity of infiltrated mortar, the graphite slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (GSIFCON) is configured using the processing technique of SIFCON, as well as taking steel fibers and graphite as conductive media in this paper. Moreover, the factors which can affect its electric conductivity performance and its electric mechanism are investigated and summarized in this paper.
Firstly, the experiment is made to contrast the veracity of the schemes in testing the resistance. The schemes are two- electrode method、four- electrode method and two- electrode compounding method. It is found that both four- electrode method and two- electrode compounding method can eliminate the error the contact resistance arouses. But considering so many steps of the latter, four- electrode method is selected as scheme for testing the resistances of the samples. In the experiments, no matter the inside condition or the external condition, the factors which can affect the electric conductivity performance of GSIFCON are studied. These factors are the inner (including the content of steel fiber,the content of graphite, the rust inhibitor, the binder ratios and cement aggregate ratios) and the external (including age, the power-supply-voltage and humidity). We can gain conclusions as follows: (1) The content of steel fiber is the most principal factor to affect the electric conductivity of GSIFCON; (2) The appropriate content of graphite can make the electric conductivity of GSIFCON lower; (3) Mixing the rust inhibitor into GSIFCON can also make the electric conductivity of GSIFCON lower, and can ensure the electric conductivity performance of GSIFCON stabilized to improve durability; (4) The binder ratio and cement aggregate ratio are significant for the close-grained extent of GSIFCON; (5) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are larger with the age longer; (6) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are invariable basically under the low volts d.c; (7) The resistance ratios of GSIFCON are larger with the water ratios longer; The resistance ratios of GSIFCON mixed into the rust inhibitor are lower than GSIFCON not mixed into the rust inhibitor with the same water ratios. In addition, some simple analysis is made on the phenomena and data.
Afterward, the electric mechanisms of the conductive concretes in which there is only one electric material (the graphite conductive concrete and the steel fiber conductive concrete) are analyzed. Basing on the two kinds of electric mechanisms and the phenomena and data from the experiments, the-electric mechanism of GSIFCON is summarized. In the end, the phenomena are explained scientificly and reasonably by the electric mechanism of the electric network, which validates that the electric mechanism is scientific.
引文
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[3] 梁晖，刘国军．智能材料在混凝土中的应用．工业建筑，2005，(6)：655～656．
[4] 陈兵，吴科如，姚武．损伤自诊断机敏混凝土材料研究．混凝土，2002，(8)：45～49．
[5] Sherif Yehia, Christopher Y Tuan. Conductive Concrete Over-lay for Bridge Deck Deicing. ACI Materials Journal, 1999, 96(3): 382～390.
[6] 洪乃丰．防冰盐腐蚀与钢筋混凝土的耐久性．建筑技术，2000，31(2)：102～104．
[7] 洪乃丰．我国北方地区冬季撒盐的利害分析与对策．低温建筑技术，2002，3：12～13．
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[9] 司琼，董发勤．电磁屏蔽混凝土的发展现状．混凝土，2005，(2)：8～11．
[10] 杨大智．智能材料与智能系统．天津：天津大学出版社，2000．
[11] 吴科如，张东等．建筑材料学报，2000，3(1)：14～18
[12] 沈刚，董发勤．复相导电混凝土的研究．混凝土与水泥制品，2003(6)：38～40
[13] 赵国藩，秦明乐．新型高性能纤维混凝土—砂浆渗浇纤维混凝土的发展．纤维混凝土的研究与应用，赵国藩、黄承逵主编，大连理工大学出版社．1992
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[15] Pye Glendon B, Myers Robert E, Arnott Mark R, et al. Conductive Concrete Compositions Containing Carbonaceous Particles. Chemical Abstracts, 2001(58):76
[16] Kang Seok Hwa, Ko, Ja Sul, Kim, Jae, Jun, et al. Conductive Carbon fiber composite for Concrete Structures. Chemical Abstracts, 2001 (57): 58
[17] Wang Gang. Electrically Conductive Graphite Containing Concrete, Chemical Abstracts, 2001 (58):57
[18] Manchuk R V. Electroconducting Concrete as a Material for Protection of Electronic Equipment and Personnel Against Electromagnetic Impact. Chemical Abstracts, 2001(59): 58
[19] Xie Ping, Mu Ping, Beandon in J J. Electrical Percolation Phenomena in Cement Composites Containing Conductive Fibers. Journal of Materials Science, 1996, 31 (15): 4 093～4 097
[20] Serif Yehia, Christopher Y Tuan, David Ferdonetal. Conductive Concrete Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing: Mixture Proportioning Optimization and Properties, ACI Materials, Journal, 2000, 97(2): 172～181
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