速生耐盐碱小胡系杨树的筛选及应用试验
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摘要
小胡系(Populus simonii XP.euphraticaXP.sp.)杨树，是在克服远缘杂交不育后，通过与一些速生杨树的复合杂交而获得系列品种。耐盐碱小胡系杨树系列品种，与当地适生杨树小美旱(群众杨)对比表现了明显的优势，尤其是小胡自然101，通过调查，在中度盐碱地上，18年生，树高、胸径和平均单株材积分别可达11.17米，17.26厘米和0.1321立方米，脱盐前，分别为当地适生杨树小美旱的123.18％(树高)，141.92％(胸径)和238.46％(材积)，具有较高生态和经济效益。2000年始，在大庆盐碱地区对速生耐盐碱1号杨(小胡自然101)进行了引种试验，育苗试验设在大庆市第一苗圃，多点试验设在三个不同地点，分别是大庆市大同区红旗林场、安达市苗圃、肇洲县苗圃。1．采用小黑杨、黑林1号杨作为对照树种做生长量对比，观察辽胡耐盐碱1号杨的形态特征，观察了其物候期，生长节律。辽育耐盐1号杨是小黑杨树树高生长量的111％—134.5％，是胸径生长量的95.6％—128.6％；是黑林1号杨的树高生长量的97.2％—116％，胸径的87.5％—128.6％。2．利用半叶法对三根二干辽育耐盐1号杨及对照品种进行了光合净生产力的测定，表明辽育耐盐1号杨单位面积净光合速率最高。3．通过栽培试验观察，植物未发生冻害。认定其具有很强的抗寒能力。4．利用电导率法室内测定辽育耐盐1号杨的抗寒性，表明其抗寒性接近于对照品种小黑杨。5．采用9个不同梯度的氯化钠和碳酸钠溶液进行耐盐碱试验，辽育耐盐1号杨明显好于小黑杨和黑林1号杨。6．采用病虫害指数，表明病虫危害程度，辽育耐盐1号杨抗灰斑病、轻度感染杨锈病，指数为25，低于黑林1号杨的53.3，高于小黑杨的16.7，白杨透翅蛾、杨干象甲，对辽育耐盐碱1号杨都有危害，但比对照轻，且受害率均小于1.1％，表现出了较强的抗病虫性。7．以扦插做为主要繁殖手段，扦插试验表明其有极强的生根能力，成活率在90％以上。综上所诉，辽育耐盐1号杨可在平均气温3.2℃以上，降水量440mm左右，积温2300℃，极限低温37℃以下，含盐量0.5％以内地区栽培，辽育耐盐1号杨重要优势特征耐盐碱性明显好于对照品种。
Populus simonii × p. euphratica
× P. sp series poplars derived from some rapidly growing poplar's compound crossbreeding after overcoming sterility in remote hybridization. Populus simonii x p. euphratica x P. sp series endure salt and alkali. The behaved evidence predominace. Compared with local Qun zhong poplar, especially small poplar Zi ran 101 growing 18 year, which tree height chest diameter, average individual plant volume are separately 11.17 meters, 17.26 centimeters and 0.1321 stere through research on salt and alkali soil. They have quite highter ecology and economy benefit, which they are separately 123.18%, 141.92% and 238.46% of the local fitting Qun zhong poplar before escaping from salt. From the beginning of 2000 year, rapid growing resistant salt and alkali Nol poplar's (small poplar Zi ran 101) introduction experiment was carried out on Da qing salt and alkali area. Breeding experiment was set up on Nol nursery in Da qing city. Many point experiment were on three different area, which w
ere separately Da tong region Hong qi forestry center in Da qing city, nursery in Anda, nursery in Zhao zhou county. Growth quantity was compared through adopting the Xiao hei poplar, Hei lin No1 poplar as comparison trees. We looked into Liao hu resistant salt and alkali Nol poplar's shape character, substance season and growth rhythm. Growth quantity in tree height of Liao hu No1 poplar wan 111%-134.5% of Xiao hei poplar, and 97.2%-116% of Hei lin Nol poplar, and its chest diameter growth quantity was 95.6%-128.6% of Xiao hei poplar and 87.5%-128.6% of Hei lin Nol poplar. Photosynthesis net productivity was mensurated for three root two stem Liao yu resistant salt Nol poplar and comparison variety by semi-leaf method. The result showed that Liao yu resistant Nol poplars net photosynthesis net productivity was the highest on unit area. The plant didn't suffer frozen injury through culture experiment observing. So it was thought holding stronger ability of fighting a cold. By conductance ratio method mensura
ted ability of fighting a cold of Liao yu resistant salt Nol poplar. The result showed that its ability was equal to Xiao hei poplar. Resistant salt and alkali ecperiment was carried out with nine different grads sodium chloride and sodium carbonate solution. The result showed that Liao yu resistant Nol poplars is better than that of Xiao hei poplar and Hei lin poplar. Using disease and insect pest index measuring, which showed harm degree of disease and insect pest, Liao yu resistant Nol poplars resisted ash spot disease and lightly infected poplar rust disease, whose index was 25 and was lower than Hei lin Nol poplar which was 53.3, and higher Xiao hei poplar 16.7.White poplar appear wing miller, poplar stem shape shell harmed Liao yu resistant Nol poplar, but lighter than comparison and harm ratio smaller than 1.1%, and showed stronger ablity of resistant disease and insect. Using inserting as the mostly propagate method, inserting experiment showed that they had stronger ablity of rootage, and surviving
ratio was higher than 90%. As a whole, Liao yu resistant Nol poplar could grow on the area with mean air temperature 3.2 upwards, precipitation quantity 440 millimeter or so, accumulate temperature 2300C, terminal low temperature 37C hereinafter, containing salt quantity within 0.5%. Liao yu resistant Nol poplar was distinctness better than comparison variety in major predominance character.
Populus simonii × p. euphratica
× P. sp series poplars derived from some rapidly growing poplar's compound crossbreeding after overcoming sterility in remote hybridization. Populus simonii x p. euphratica x P. sp series endure salt and alkali. The behaved evidence predominace. Compared with local Qun zhong poplar, especially small poplar Zi ran 101 growing 18 year, which tree height chest diameter, average individual plant volume are separately 11.17 meters, 17.26 centimeters and 0.1321 stere through research on salt and alkali soil. They have quite highter ecology and economy benefit, which they are separately 123.18%, 141.92% and 238.46% of the local fitting Qun zhong poplar before escaping from salt. From the beginning of 2000 year, rapid growing resistant salt and alkali Nol poplar's (small poplar Zi ran 101) introduction experiment was carried out on Da qing salt and alkali area. Breeding experiment was set up on Nol nursery in Da qing city. Many point experiment were on three different area, which w
ere separately Da tong region Hong qi forestry center in Da qing city, nursery in Anda, nursery in Zhao zhou county. Growth quantity was compared through adopting the Xiao hei poplar, Hei lin No1 poplar as comparison trees. We looked into Liao hu resistant salt and alkali Nol poplar's shape character, substance season and growth rhythm. Growth quantity in tree height of Liao hu No1 poplar wan 111%-134.5% of Xiao hei poplar, and 97.2%-116% of Hei lin Nol poplar, and its chest diameter growth quantity was 95.6%-128.6% of Xiao hei poplar and 87.5%-128.6% of Hei lin Nol poplar. Photosynthesis net productivity was mensurated for three root two stem Liao yu resistant salt Nol poplar and comparison variety by semi-leaf method. The result showed that Liao yu resistant Nol poplars net photosynthesis net productivity was the highest on unit area. The plant didn't suffer frozen injury through culture experiment observing. So it was thought holding stronger ability of fighting a cold. By conductance ratio method mensura
ted ability of fighting a cold of Liao yu resistant salt Nol poplar. The result showed that its ability was equal to Xiao hei poplar. Resistant salt and alkali ecperiment was carried out with nine different grads sodium chloride and sodium carbonate solution. The result showed that Liao yu resistant Nol poplars is better than that of Xiao hei poplar and Hei lin poplar. Using disease and insect pest index measuring, which showed harm degree of disease and insect pest, Liao yu resistant Nol poplars resisted ash spot disease and lightly infected poplar rust disease, whose index was 25 and was lower than Hei lin Nol poplar which was 53.3, and higher Xiao hei poplar 16.7.White poplar appear wing miller, poplar stem shape shell harmed Liao yu resistant Nol poplar, but lighter than comparison and harm ratio smaller than 1.1%, and showed stronger ablity of resistant disease and insect. Using inserting as the mostly propagate method, inserting experiment showed that they had stronger ablity of rootage, and surviving
ratio was higher than 90%. As a whole, Liao yu resistant Nol poplar could grow on the area with mean air temperature 3.2 upwards, precipitation quantity 440 millimeter or so, accumulate temperature 2300C, terminal low temperature 37C hereinafter, containing salt quantity within 0.5%. Liao yu resistant Nol poplar was distinctness better than comparison variety in major predominance character.
引文
[1] 国家森林资源统计报表．2000
[2] 周以良．黑龙江树木志．黑龙江省科学技术出版社．1988
[3] 王世绩，陈炳浩，李护群．胡杨林．中国环境科学出版社，(1995)
[4] Knox, R.B. et al 1972 Role of pollen—wall protein as recognition substances in interspecific incompatibility in poplars
[5] 蔡旭．1988．植物遗传育种学(第二版)．科学出版社出版 1988
[6] 浙江农业大学遗传育种教研组编．1984．作物遗传育种简明教程．农业出版社 1984
[7] 李驹．1980．小叶杨×胡杨F_1的特性及遗传的研究．林业科技通讯．(2)
[8] M. Brosche et al. 2002 EST—Sequencing in populus euphratica International Poplar Symposium Ⅲ 8.26-29,2002 P. 22
[9] E. Ottow et al. 2002 Ecophysiology meets Gennomics:Approaches To Unravel stress Resistance in poplar International Poplar Symposium Ⅲ 8.26—29 2002 P. 50
[10] J.G.Isebrands et al. 2002A Phased Phytoremediation Strategy with Populus and Salix for Indian Ridge Marsh in The Calumet Region of Chicago, Illinois, USA International Poplar SymposiumⅢ 8.26-29,2002 P. 172
[11] B. Robinson et al. 2002 Phytoremediation of Degraded site in New Zealand Using Poplar and Willow International Poplar SymposiumⅢ26—29, 8,2002 P. 176
[12] LMcIvor et al. Effect of wide—spaced poplars on water Dynamics on Erosion—Prone Hill Slopes in a Silvipastoral Management Scheme International Poplar SymposiumⅢ 26-29.8.2002 P. 176
[13] 于蕾．2001．滨海盐渍土防护林树种选择的研究．辽宁林业科技．2001，NO 2
[14] 许慕农，陈炳浩．1983．林木研究方法．山东省泰安地区林业科学研究所．1983
[15] 杨克杰．黑龙江省林业生态工程建设研究．内蒙古科学技术出版社．2001
[16] 金铁山．树木苗圃学．黑龙江科学技术出版社．1992
[17] 李建树．中国三北草木繁殖与利用．中国林业出版社．1998
[18] 赵天锡，陈章水．中国杨树集约栽培．中国科学技术出版社
[19] 杨克杰等．黑龙江省林业生态工程建设规划．1999
[20] 徐伟英，张培杲．全国林木遗传育种第五次学术报告会论文汇编．东北林业大学出版社．1987
[21] 杨克杰．北方树种育苗造林实用技术．内蒙古科学技术出版社．2003
[22] 苗木质量分级(DB23)．黑龙江省技术监督局发布．2002
[23] [日]户田良吉．当代林木育种．中国林业出版社．1992
[24] 周生贤等．中国林业可持续发展研究总论．中国林业出版社．2002
[2] 周以良．黑龙江树木志．黑龙江省科学技术出版社．1988
[3] 王世绩，陈炳浩，李护群．胡杨林．中国环境科学出版社，(1995)
[4] Knox, R.B. et al 1972 Role of pollen—wall protein as recognition substances in interspecific incompatibility in poplars
[5] 蔡旭．1988．植物遗传育种学(第二版)．科学出版社出版 1988
[6] 浙江农业大学遗传育种教研组编．1984．作物遗传育种简明教程．农业出版社 1984
[7] 李驹．1980．小叶杨×胡杨F_1的特性及遗传的研究．林业科技通讯．(2)
[8] M. Brosche et al. 2002 EST—Sequencing in populus euphratica International Poplar Symposium Ⅲ 8.26-29,2002 P. 22
[9] E. Ottow et al. 2002 Ecophysiology meets Gennomics:Approaches To Unravel stress Resistance in poplar International Poplar Symposium Ⅲ 8.26—29 2002 P. 50
[10] J.G.Isebrands et al. 2002A Phased Phytoremediation Strategy with Populus and Salix for Indian Ridge Marsh in The Calumet Region of Chicago, Illinois, USA International Poplar SymposiumⅢ 8.26-29,2002 P. 172
[11] B. Robinson et al. 2002 Phytoremediation of Degraded site in New Zealand Using Poplar and Willow International Poplar SymposiumⅢ26—29, 8,2002 P. 176
[12] LMcIvor et al. Effect of wide—spaced poplars on water Dynamics on Erosion—Prone Hill Slopes in a Silvipastoral Management Scheme International Poplar SymposiumⅢ 26-29.8.2002 P. 176
[13] 于蕾．2001．滨海盐渍土防护林树种选择的研究．辽宁林业科技．2001，NO 2
[14] 许慕农，陈炳浩．1983．林木研究方法．山东省泰安地区林业科学研究所．1983
[15] 杨克杰．黑龙江省林业生态工程建设研究．内蒙古科学技术出版社．2001
[16] 金铁山．树木苗圃学．黑龙江科学技术出版社．1992
[17] 李建树．中国三北草木繁殖与利用．中国林业出版社．1998
[18] 赵天锡，陈章水．中国杨树集约栽培．中国科学技术出版社
[19] 杨克杰等．黑龙江省林业生态工程建设规划．1999
[20] 徐伟英，张培杲．全国林木遗传育种第五次学术报告会论文汇编．东北林业大学出版社．1987
[21] 杨克杰．北方树种育苗造林实用技术．内蒙古科学技术出版社．2003
[22] 苗木质量分级(DB23)．黑龙江省技术监督局发布．2002
[23] [日]户田良吉．当代林木育种．中国林业出版社．1992
[24] 周生贤等．中国林业可持续发展研究总论．中国林业出版社．2002