现代低噪轮胎花纹仿真优化设计
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摘要
随着生活质量的提高,以及环保意思的增强,人们对交通噪声的重视程度也越来越高。据国内外研究表明,当汽车时速超过70公里时,轮胎花纹噪声成为整车噪声的主要噪声源。近年来,国内外对轮胎花纹噪声进行了大量研究,相继提出了一些专利成果,但轮胎花纹噪声的实用数学模型和低噪声轮胎的设计方法是绝对保密的。轮胎花纹噪声控制技术涉及应用声学、数学建模、数字信号处理、心理学等多学科领域,对于目前流行创新的但又难以分类归类的花纹样式,低噪优化成为难点。本文开展了对现代轮胎花纹噪声仿真建模以及低噪优化的研究,主要内容如下:
本文首先论述了轮胎花纹噪声的发声机理、数学模型及计算机仿真分析方法,这是设计低噪声轮胎花纹的理论前提。提出了现代低噪花纹的定义并重点研究了一种典型的现代低噪花纹类型——多条顺逆向轮胎花纹的发声模型和仿真分析方法。
轮胎花纹低噪优化是轮胎花纹噪声控制的核心和难点,本文以现代轮胎花纹设计参数为基准,对现代轮胎花纹低噪优化理论进行了系统的分析和探讨。在此基础上,从工程角度提出了低噪声轮胎花纹设计准则及其过程方法,使得现代轮胎花纹低噪优化过程更趋于合理和快速。
基于轮胎花纹参数优化的实际情况,本文将免疫算法与遗传算法相结合,在遗传算法的基础上加入免疫算法的记忆、识别等功能,提出了采用免疫遗传算法(IGA)用于低噪声轮胎花纹参数的优化,以提高其适用性。并总结了运用免疫遗传算法对花纹参数进行智能优化的步骤和方法。
论文阐述了相关软件的设计以及原程序的改进,编制了多条顺逆向花纹的低噪声轮胎花纹设计软件。错位是影响多条顺逆向花纹发声的主要因素,轮胎花纹的合理错位会使时域声中心能量分布趋于均衡,从而降低轮胎花纹的总噪声峰值。通过在软件中增加花纹错位优化设计,从而找出满足噪声要求的花纹。最后以实际轮胎花纹方案作为优化对象,给出了仿真实例,结果证明达到了低噪优化设计的目的。
本文的研究成果和程序具有较强的工程实用性,为现代低噪轮胎设计和生产提供了强有力的高效方法与路径。
With the development of the city,the Control of traffic noise has been an important part of city environmental protection problems.And vehicle noise is the main source of traffic noise.When cars are at speeds above 70km/h,tread pattern noise becomes the dominant source of noise.In recent years,tire noise has been studied on a large scale in the United States,Europe and Japan,a number of patents have been put out,but the practical mathematical models of the tire noise and the design methods of low-noise tire are absolutely confidential.The design of low-noise tire has become a important problem to be resolved in tire structural design.
Firstly this paper analyzes the sound mechanism,the simulation model of tread pattern noise and Computer simulation analysis,the three aspects are the theory precondition of designing tread pattern.
The definition of modem low-noise pattern and focus on the vocal model and simulation analysis of a typical modem low-noise pattern——multi-pattern.
Noise reduction optimization is the kernel and difficult points of tread pattern noise control.This paper systematically and intensively studies the noise reduction optimization theory.Based on it,this paper then puts forward criterion and process method for thread pattern noise reduction optimization,which enables the optimization process to become more reasonable and more rapid.
Based on the actual situation of tire tread parameter optimization,the paper combines the immune algorithm with the genetic algorithm,adds the immune algorithm to the genetic algorithm by memory,recognition,and other functions, immunes to the use of genetic algorithm(IGA)for the optimization of low-noise tire tread Parameters,in order to enhance its applicability.The approach is introduced in detail in this paper.Following basic theory and approach about IGA,optimized objective function is decided through fuzzy logic theory,then fitness function is derived and at last how to optimize and diagnose pattern parameters intelligently is discussed with IGA.
In the end of the paper,the approach of software designing is discussed.I make up the design software of low noise multi-pattern.Pattern shift is the dominating factor of multi-pattern noise effect,the reasonable shift can make noise center energy of time area average,so reduce the total noise peak value of tread pattern.According to comparing to evaluation index of pattern shift in the software,we are able to find out the pattern satisfied by the noise criterion.The intelligent optimization and noise diagnosis processes are discussed and diagrammized by the analysis of simulation example.
The research fruit and software in this paper is strongly applicable to practical engineer,providing high effective approach for low-noise tire designing and production.
本文首先论述了轮胎花纹噪声的发声机理、数学模型及计算机仿真分析方法,这是设计低噪声轮胎花纹的理论前提。提出了现代低噪花纹的定义并重点研究了一种典型的现代低噪花纹类型——多条顺逆向轮胎花纹的发声模型和仿真分析方法。
轮胎花纹低噪优化是轮胎花纹噪声控制的核心和难点,本文以现代轮胎花纹设计参数为基准,对现代轮胎花纹低噪优化理论进行了系统的分析和探讨。在此基础上,从工程角度提出了低噪声轮胎花纹设计准则及其过程方法,使得现代轮胎花纹低噪优化过程更趋于合理和快速。
基于轮胎花纹参数优化的实际情况,本文将免疫算法与遗传算法相结合,在遗传算法的基础上加入免疫算法的记忆、识别等功能,提出了采用免疫遗传算法(IGA)用于低噪声轮胎花纹参数的优化,以提高其适用性。并总结了运用免疫遗传算法对花纹参数进行智能优化的步骤和方法。
论文阐述了相关软件的设计以及原程序的改进,编制了多条顺逆向花纹的低噪声轮胎花纹设计软件。错位是影响多条顺逆向花纹发声的主要因素,轮胎花纹的合理错位会使时域声中心能量分布趋于均衡,从而降低轮胎花纹的总噪声峰值。通过在软件中增加花纹错位优化设计,从而找出满足噪声要求的花纹。最后以实际轮胎花纹方案作为优化对象,给出了仿真实例,结果证明达到了低噪优化设计的目的。
本文的研究成果和程序具有较强的工程实用性,为现代低噪轮胎设计和生产提供了强有力的高效方法与路径。
With the development of the city,the Control of traffic noise has been an important part of city environmental protection problems.And vehicle noise is the main source of traffic noise.When cars are at speeds above 70km/h,tread pattern noise becomes the dominant source of noise.In recent years,tire noise has been studied on a large scale in the United States,Europe and Japan,a number of patents have been put out,but the practical mathematical models of the tire noise and the design methods of low-noise tire are absolutely confidential.The design of low-noise tire has become a important problem to be resolved in tire structural design.
Firstly this paper analyzes the sound mechanism,the simulation model of tread pattern noise and Computer simulation analysis,the three aspects are the theory precondition of designing tread pattern.
The definition of modem low-noise pattern and focus on the vocal model and simulation analysis of a typical modem low-noise pattern——multi-pattern.
Noise reduction optimization is the kernel and difficult points of tread pattern noise control.This paper systematically and intensively studies the noise reduction optimization theory.Based on it,this paper then puts forward criterion and process method for thread pattern noise reduction optimization,which enables the optimization process to become more reasonable and more rapid.
Based on the actual situation of tire tread parameter optimization,the paper combines the immune algorithm with the genetic algorithm,adds the immune algorithm to the genetic algorithm by memory,recognition,and other functions, immunes to the use of genetic algorithm(IGA)for the optimization of low-noise tire tread Parameters,in order to enhance its applicability.The approach is introduced in detail in this paper.Following basic theory and approach about IGA,optimized objective function is decided through fuzzy logic theory,then fitness function is derived and at last how to optimize and diagnose pattern parameters intelligently is discussed with IGA.
In the end of the paper,the approach of software designing is discussed.I make up the design software of low noise multi-pattern.Pattern shift is the dominating factor of multi-pattern noise effect,the reasonable shift can make noise center energy of time area average,so reduce the total noise peak value of tread pattern.According to comparing to evaluation index of pattern shift in the software,we are able to find out the pattern satisfied by the noise criterion.The intelligent optimization and noise diagnosis processes are discussed and diagrammized by the analysis of simulation example.
The research fruit and software in this paper is strongly applicable to practical engineer,providing high effective approach for low-noise tire designing and production.
引文
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[3]孙林.国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展[J]汽车工程.2000,(03).
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[5]陈理君,刘雨青,杨立等.室内轮胎花纹噪声测试规范研究.全国轮胎技术研讨会论文集.1996
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[8]于增信,谭惠丰,杜星文.轮胎花纹沟噪声研究进展[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002,(01).
[9]陈理君,杨立,钱立青等.轮胎花纹噪声的发声机理[J].轮胎工业,1999,19(9):515-518·
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[12]陈理君,邹武.低噪轮胎花纹周期和节距辨识及其顺逆槽噪声动力学分析.武汉理工大学,2005
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[17]董得义.轮胎花纹噪声动力学分析及其仿真软件的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003
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[19]Nakajima Y,Inoue Y,Ogawa H.Application of the Boundary Element Method and Modal Analysis to Tire Acoustics Problems.Tire Science and Technology,TSTCA,1992,21(2)
[20]Heckl M.Tyre noise generation[J].Wear,1986,113:151-170.
[21]Vinesse E,Nicollet H.Surface Waves on the Rotating Tyre:an Application of Functional Analysis.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1988,126(1)
[22]Willett P R.Tire tread pattern sound generation[J].Tire Science and Technology,1975,3(4):252-266
[23]Vinesse E,Nicollet H.Surface waves on the rotating tyre:An application offunctional an alysis[J].Journal o f Sound and vibration,1988,126(1):175-188.
[24]Nakajima Y,Inoue Y,Ogawa H.Application of the boundary element method and modal analysis to tire acoustics problems[J].Tire Science and Technology,1993,21(2):175-188.
[25]Hiroshi Y,Yasuji A.Theoretical analysis of tire acoustic cavity noise and proposal of improvement technique[J].JSAE Review,2002,23(1):89-94.
[26]Buddenhagen F E·Tire casing with noiseless tread[P]·US,USP 2 612 928·1952-10-07.
[27]陈理君,李晓辉,杨立,阳玉平等.轮胎花纹噪声及其降噪方法.东北师大学报(自然科学版),2003,6
[28]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京人民邮电出版社,1996
[29]金家德.遗传算法在轮胎花纹节距排列低噪优化中的应用[D].武汉工业大学.1999
[30]陈理君,钟克洪,张晓红等.基于遗传算法的低噪声轮胎花纹节距排列的优化方法[J]轮胎工业,2000,(02).
[31]王煦法,张显俊.一种基于免疫原理的遗传算法.小型微型计算机系统.1999.2 P118-120
[32]陈理君,杨唐胜,杨立,李福军,刘雨青,杨光大.低噪声轮胎花纹结构参数优化方法[J]轮胎工业.2002,(12).
[33]杨光大,陈理君.轮胎花纹噪声仿真频谱评判法.轮胎工业.1997
[34]钟国策.噪声自动测量分析系统.环境技术,No.4,1997,p.11-15
[35]杨唐胜.低噪声轮胎花纹结构故障诊断及其优化设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化学院,2002
[36]杨立,黄向宇.计算机噪声仿真的软硬件设计方法[J]声学技术.1998,(04)
[37]戴阳春.多条低噪声轮胎花纹基形设计软件的研究[D]武汉理工大学.2006
[38]陈理君,钟克洪,李海涛等.轮胎花纹噪声仿真与优化系统软件设计.轮胎工业,2000,20(4)
[39]施旻.轿车轮胎花纹低噪优化设计的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉工业大学自动化学院,1999
[40]王伯良.噪声控制理论.华中理工大学出版社.1990
[41]马安鹏.visual C++6程序设计导学.清华大学出版社.2002
[42]钱能.C++程序设计教程.清华大学出版社.1999
[43]Jon Bates,Tim Tompkins著,何健辉,董方鹏等译.实用VisualC++6.0教程.清华大学出版社.2000
[44]何斌,马天予等.Visual C++数字图像处理.人民邮电出版社.2001
[45]王伯良.噪声控制理论.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990
[46]庄继德.汽车轮胎学.北京理工大学出版社.1996
[47]C.M.哈里斯.噪声控制大全.北京:科学出版社,1990
[48]Park D H,Bathe K·Method for improving tread noise by relative rotation of a rib and simulation the effect thereof[P].US,USP 4 788 651.1988.
[49]Chen Li-jun,Li Xiao-hui,Yang Li,Yang Yu-ping,Dong De-yi,Yang Guang-da.Tread Patterns Noise and Method of Noise-Reduction
[50]Willett P R.Tire tread pattern sound generation.Tire Science and Technology,1975,3(4)
[51]陈理君,肖旺新.轮胎/道路噪声耦合预测模型[J].轮胎工业,2008,(1):32-36.
[2]范俊岩.轮胎噪声研究的现状与发展.轮胎工业.2006
[3]孙林.国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展[J]汽车工程.2000,(03).
[4]董芹,常传贤,关元洪.轮胎降噪设计技术[J]轮胎工业.1998,(11).
[5]陈理君,刘雨青,杨立等.室内轮胎花纹噪声测试规范研究.全国轮胎技术研讨会论文集.1996
[6]马大猷等.声学手册.北京:科学出版社,1983
[7]陈理君,董得义等.轮胎花纹噪声动力学分析.轮胎工业.2004
[8]于增信,谭惠丰,杜星文.轮胎花纹沟噪声研究进展[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002,(01).
[9]陈理君,杨立,钱立青等.轮胎花纹噪声的发声机理[J].轮胎工业,1999,19(9):515-518·
[10]陈理君,杨立,钱业青等.轮胎花纹噪声的发声模型[J].轮胎工业,1999,19(10):599-602·
[11]杨立,金新航.轮胎花纹噪声仿真系统[J]轮胎工业.1998,(02).
[12]陈理君,邹武.低噪轮胎花纹周期和节距辨识及其顺逆槽噪声动力学分析.武汉理工大学,2005
[13]王俊.轿车轮胎花纹噪声模型研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉工业大学自动化系,1996
[14]葛剑敏,范俊岩等.低噪声轮胎设计方法与应用.轮胎工业.2006
[15]张艳堃.低噪声轮胎花纹分析与设计系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉工业大学自动化系,2001
[16]姚天任,江太辉.数字信号处理.华中理工大学出版社.1999
[17]董得义.轮胎花纹噪声动力学分析及其仿真软件的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003
[18]陈理君,杨光大,董芹.低噪声轮胎设计原则的研究.橡胶工业,1997,44(3):150-155
[19]Nakajima Y,Inoue Y,Ogawa H.Application of the Boundary Element Method and Modal Analysis to Tire Acoustics Problems.Tire Science and Technology,TSTCA,1992,21(2)
[20]Heckl M.Tyre noise generation[J].Wear,1986,113:151-170.
[21]Vinesse E,Nicollet H.Surface Waves on the Rotating Tyre:an Application of Functional Analysis.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1988,126(1)
[22]Willett P R.Tire tread pattern sound generation[J].Tire Science and Technology,1975,3(4):252-266
[23]Vinesse E,Nicollet H.Surface waves on the rotating tyre:An application offunctional an alysis[J].Journal o f Sound and vibration,1988,126(1):175-188.
[24]Nakajima Y,Inoue Y,Ogawa H.Application of the boundary element method and modal analysis to tire acoustics problems[J].Tire Science and Technology,1993,21(2):175-188.
[25]Hiroshi Y,Yasuji A.Theoretical analysis of tire acoustic cavity noise and proposal of improvement technique[J].JSAE Review,2002,23(1):89-94.
[26]Buddenhagen F E·Tire casing with noiseless tread[P]·US,USP 2 612 928·1952-10-07.
[27]陈理君,李晓辉,杨立,阳玉平等.轮胎花纹噪声及其降噪方法.东北师大学报(自然科学版),2003,6
[28]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京人民邮电出版社,1996
[29]金家德.遗传算法在轮胎花纹节距排列低噪优化中的应用[D].武汉工业大学.1999
[30]陈理君,钟克洪,张晓红等.基于遗传算法的低噪声轮胎花纹节距排列的优化方法[J]轮胎工业,2000,(02).
[31]王煦法,张显俊.一种基于免疫原理的遗传算法.小型微型计算机系统.1999.2 P118-120
[32]陈理君,杨唐胜,杨立,李福军,刘雨青,杨光大.低噪声轮胎花纹结构参数优化方法[J]轮胎工业.2002,(12).
[33]杨光大,陈理君.轮胎花纹噪声仿真频谱评判法.轮胎工业.1997
[34]钟国策.噪声自动测量分析系统.环境技术,No.4,1997,p.11-15
[35]杨唐胜.低噪声轮胎花纹结构故障诊断及其优化设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化学院,2002
[36]杨立,黄向宇.计算机噪声仿真的软硬件设计方法[J]声学技术.1998,(04)
[37]戴阳春.多条低噪声轮胎花纹基形设计软件的研究[D]武汉理工大学.2006
[38]陈理君,钟克洪,李海涛等.轮胎花纹噪声仿真与优化系统软件设计.轮胎工业,2000,20(4)
[39]施旻.轿车轮胎花纹低噪优化设计的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉工业大学自动化学院,1999
[40]王伯良.噪声控制理论.华中理工大学出版社.1990
[41]马安鹏.visual C++6程序设计导学.清华大学出版社.2002
[42]钱能.C++程序设计教程.清华大学出版社.1999
[43]Jon Bates,Tim Tompkins著,何健辉,董方鹏等译.实用VisualC++6.0教程.清华大学出版社.2000
[44]何斌,马天予等.Visual C++数字图像处理.人民邮电出版社.2001
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