毫米波ROF系统中全光频率变换技术的研究
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摘要
无线通信的飞速发展为人们提供了无处不在的灵活接入方式,但同时也面临着带宽资源紧张的难题。面对人们对通信容量和接入灵活性的急切需求,具有低损耗高带宽特性的光纤技术和无线接入技术的融合成为必然趋势。在这种情况,光载射频(ROF)技术应运而生,它结合了光纤低损耗高带宽和射频无线接入的优点,该技术将基站的复杂设备移至中心控制局,使得基站成本大为降低,有利于部署覆盖范围小的微微蜂窝基站。ROF技术在为光与无线融合提供有效解决方案的同时,也面临许多技术难点,如模拟光链路无杂散动态范围的提高,毫米波频率的上下变换,以及毫米波的非视距传输方案等。
本论文着重对毫米波ROF系统中频率变换技术进行研究,其主要研究工作包括以下几方面：
(1)深入研究了铌酸锂调制器的电光效应(亦称Pockels效应),对调制器在不同偏置情况的调制特性进行分析,完善了调制器抑制载波的理论模型；仿真了基于马赫-曾得尔调制器的DSB调制和DSB与OCS调制级联的上变频方案；提出并仿真了一种基于OCS的高倍频上变频方案。
(2)搭建ROF仿真系统,仿真了基于MZM的DSB调制和OCS调制的下变频方案,仿真结果说明设计的变频方案是可行的；比较了几种变频方案的特点。
(3)研究了PCF材料的非线性特性,并且在此基础上设计并仿真了一种基于PCF中四波混频效应的频率上变换方案,分析了影响频率变换性能的因素。
The rapid development of wireless communications has provided the flexible and ubiquitous access for subscribers, but also brought about the challenges due to limited bandwidth resources. In order to meet the insistent demand for high capacity and more flexibility, the integration of optical fiber and wireless access is an inevitable trend of development. In this case, radio-over-fiber (ROF) has emerged as the technology to make full use of the advantages of fiber and wireless communications. It makes the complex equipment shifted to the central station, and thus greatly reduces the cost of base station, making it easier for the implement of small honeycombs. However, many issues and difficulties remain for ROF technology, such as improvement of spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) for analog-optical links, millimeter-wave frequency up and down-conversion, and the non-line of sigh (NOLS) of millimeter-wave transmission, etc.
This thesis focuses on the research of millimeter-wave frequency up and down-conversion, and the main work includes several parts:
(1) Carrying out an in-depth research of the lightning effect of lithium niobate modulator, a.k.a. Pockles and improving the theoretical model for modulator inhibit carrier based on an analysis of modulators in different situations; simulating the up-conversion of DBS modulation, OCS modulation as well as the cascade modulation of both on the basis of Mach-Zehnder's modulator; coming up with a high-frequency up-conversion program.
(2) Simulating the down-conversion program based on MZM's DSB and OCS modulation; establishing ROF system to prove the feasibility of the frequency conversion plan; comparing the respective characteristics of several such plans.
(3) Conducting a research on the non-linear characteristic of PCF material, then designing and simulating an up-conversion program on the basis of PCF four-wave mixing effect, with an analysis of variables that may influence the frequency conversion performance.
本论文着重对毫米波ROF系统中频率变换技术进行研究,其主要研究工作包括以下几方面：
(1)深入研究了铌酸锂调制器的电光效应(亦称Pockels效应),对调制器在不同偏置情况的调制特性进行分析,完善了调制器抑制载波的理论模型；仿真了基于马赫-曾得尔调制器的DSB调制和DSB与OCS调制级联的上变频方案；提出并仿真了一种基于OCS的高倍频上变频方案。
(2)搭建ROF仿真系统,仿真了基于MZM的DSB调制和OCS调制的下变频方案,仿真结果说明设计的变频方案是可行的；比较了几种变频方案的特点。
(3)研究了PCF材料的非线性特性,并且在此基础上设计并仿真了一种基于PCF中四波混频效应的频率上变换方案,分析了影响频率变换性能的因素。
The rapid development of wireless communications has provided the flexible and ubiquitous access for subscribers, but also brought about the challenges due to limited bandwidth resources. In order to meet the insistent demand for high capacity and more flexibility, the integration of optical fiber and wireless access is an inevitable trend of development. In this case, radio-over-fiber (ROF) has emerged as the technology to make full use of the advantages of fiber and wireless communications. It makes the complex equipment shifted to the central station, and thus greatly reduces the cost of base station, making it easier for the implement of small honeycombs. However, many issues and difficulties remain for ROF technology, such as improvement of spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) for analog-optical links, millimeter-wave frequency up and down-conversion, and the non-line of sigh (NOLS) of millimeter-wave transmission, etc.
This thesis focuses on the research of millimeter-wave frequency up and down-conversion, and the main work includes several parts:
(1) Carrying out an in-depth research of the lightning effect of lithium niobate modulator, a.k.a. Pockles and improving the theoretical model for modulator inhibit carrier based on an analysis of modulators in different situations; simulating the up-conversion of DBS modulation, OCS modulation as well as the cascade modulation of both on the basis of Mach-Zehnder's modulator; coming up with a high-frequency up-conversion program.
(2) Simulating the down-conversion program based on MZM's DSB and OCS modulation; establishing ROF system to prove the feasibility of the frequency conversion plan; comparing the respective characteristics of several such plans.
(3) Conducting a research on the non-linear characteristic of PCF material, then designing and simulating an up-conversion program on the basis of PCF four-wave mixing effect, with an analysis of variables that may influence the frequency conversion performance.
引文
[1]信息产业部令第40号,中华人民共和国无线电频率划分规定,信息产业部,2006,21-22.
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[13]Zhensheng Jia, Jianjun Yu, Gee-Kung Chang, "All-Optical 16×2.5 Gb/s WDM Signal Simultaneous Up-Conversion Based on XPM in an NOLM in ROF Systems", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.17, NO.12,2005.
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[22]Hyoung-Jun Kim, Ho-Jin Song, and Jong-In Song, "BER and SFDR Characteristics of an FWM-Based All-Optical Frequency Upconverter," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.21, no. 18,pp.1329-1331, Sep.2009.
[23]Jianjun Yu, Mingfang Huang, Zhensheng Jia, Arshad Chowdhury, and Gee-Kung Chang, "All-Optical Up-Conversion for 30x7.5Gb/s WDM Signals in a 60GHz ROF System",2009 OFC/NFOEC Conference in San Diego, USA, Mar 2009.
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[2]M. Huchard, M. Weiss, A. Pizzinat, S. Meyer, P. Guignard, and B. Charbonnier, "Ultra-broadband wireless home network based on 60-GHz WPAN cells interconnected via RoF", J. Lightw. Technol., vol.26, no.15, pp.2364-2372, Aug.2008.
[3]P. Smulders, "Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access:prospects and future directions", IEEE Comm. Mag., vol.40, no.1, pp.140-146, Jan.2002.
[4]M. Hyodo, K. S. Abedin, et al., Beat-signal synchronization for optical generation of millimeter-wave signals, IEE Electron. Lett., vol.39, no.24, Nov.2003,1740-1741
[5]M. Hyodo and M. Watanabe, Optical generation of millimeter-wave signals up to 330 GHz by means of cascadingly phase locking three semiconductor lasers, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.15, no.3,458-460, Mar.2003.
[6]Y. J. Wen, H. F. Liu, D. Novak, and Y. Ogawa, Millimeter-wave signal generation from a monolithic semiconductor laser via subharmonic optical injection, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.12, no.8,pp.1058-1060, Aug.2000.
[7]L. Goldberg, A. M. Yurek, H.F.Taylor, et al.,35 GHz microwave signal generation with an injection-locked laser diode, IEE Electron. Lett., vol.21, no.18, pp.814-815,1985.
[8]K. Y. Cho, Y. Takushima, and Y. C. Chung, "10-Gb/s operation of RSOA for WDM PON", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.20, no.18, pp.1533-1535, Sept.2008.
[9]C. Lim, A. Nirmalathas, M. A. Attygalle, D. Novak, and R. Waterhouse, "On the merging of millimeter-wave fiber-radio backbone with 25-GHz WDM ring networks," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.21, pp.2203-2210, no.10, Oct.2003.
[10]G. H. Smith, D. Novak, and C. Lim, "A millimeter-wave full-duplex fiber-radio star-tree architecture incorporating WDM and SCM," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.10, no.11, pp.1650-1652, Nov.1998.
[11]M. Sauer, K. Kojucharow, H. Kaluzni, D. Sommer, andW. Nowak, "Simultaneous electro-optical upconversion to 60 GHz of uncoded OFDM signals," in Tech. Dig. MWP'98, pp. 219-222,1998.
[12]Kim, H.-J.; Song, J.-I., "Full-Duplex WDM-Based RoF System Using All-Optical SSB Frequency Upconversion and Wavelength Re-Use Techniques", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. PP, no.2, pp.1-7,2010.
[13]Zhensheng Jia, Jianjun Yu, Gee-Kung Chang, "All-Optical 16×2.5 Gb/s WDM Signal Simultaneous Up-Conversion Based on XPM in an NOLM in ROF Systems", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.17, NO.12,2005.
[14]Y.-K. Seo, C.-S. Choi, and W.-Y. Choi, "All-Optical Signal Up-Conversion for Radio-on-Fiber Applications Using Cross-Gain Modulation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers ", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.14, NO.10, pp.1448-1450.
[15]J. Yu, J. Gu, X. Liu, Z. Jia, and G. K. Chang, "Seamless integration of an 8_2.5 Gb/s WDM-PON and radio-over-fiber using all-optical up-conversion based on Raman-assisted FWM,' IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.17, no.9, pp.1986-1988, Sep.2005.
[16]Ho-Jin Song, Jeong Seon Lee, Jong-In Song, "Signal Up-Conversion by Using a Cross-Phase-Modulation in All-Optical SOA-MZI Wavelength Converter", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.16, NO.2,2004.
[17]B. Leesti, A. J. Zilkie, J. S. Aitchison, M. Mojahedi, R. H. Wang, T. J. Rotter, C. Yang, A. Stintz, and K. J. Malloy, "Broad-band wavelength up-conversion of picosecond pulses via four-wave mixing in a quantum-dash waveguide," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.17, no. 5, pp.1046-1048, May 2005.
[18]Jun-Hyuk Seo, Chang-Soon Choi, Young-Shik Kang, Yong-Duck Chung, Jeha Kim, and Woo-Young Choi, "SOA-EAM Frequency Up/Down-Converters for60-GHz Bi-Directional Radio-on-Fiber Systems", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.54, NO. 2,2006.
[19]徐坤,李建强.面向宽带无线接入的光载无线系统.电子工业出版社,北京：2009.
[20]C. S. Park, C. K. Oh, C. G Lee, D.-H. Kim, and C.-S. Park, "A photonic up-converter for a WDM radio-over-fiber system using cross-absorption modulation in an EAM", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.17, no.9, pp.1950-1952, Sep.2005.
[21]J. Yu, Z. Jia, and G K. Chang, "All-optical mixer based on cross-absorption modulation in electroabsorption modulator," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.17, no.11, pp.2421-2423, Nov.2005.
[22]Hyoung-Jun Kim, Ho-Jin Song, and Jong-In Song, "BER and SFDR Characteristics of an FWM-Based All-Optical Frequency Upconverter," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.21, no. 18,pp.1329-1331, Sep.2009.
[23]Jianjun Yu, Mingfang Huang, Zhensheng Jia, Arshad Chowdhury, and Gee-Kung Chang, "All-Optical Up-Conversion for 30x7.5Gb/s WDM Signals in a 60GHz ROF System",2009 OFC/NFOEC Conference in San Diego, USA, Mar 2009.
[24]Govind P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics & Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Third Edition, Academic Press,2001.
[25]Xu Kun, Guangtao Zhou, Xu Zhang, Wu Jian, Lin Jintong, "40GHz Up-Conversion in Radio-over-Fiber System using a 10GHz Modulator and Birefringent Fiber Loop", IEEE LEOS, Montreal, Canada,2006,11.
[26]G. K. Gopalakrishnan, R. P. Moeller, M. M. Howerton, W. K. Burns, K. J. Williams and R. D. Esman, "A low-loss downconverting analog fiber-optic link", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. vol.43, pp.2318-2323,1995.
[27]X. S. Yao, "Phase-to-amplitude modulation conversion using Brillouin selective sideband amplification," IEEE Photo. Technol. Lett., vol.10, pp.264-266,1998.
[28]Ho-Jin Song, Minho Park, Hyoung Jun Kim, Jeong Seon Lee, and Jong-In Song, "All-optical frequency down-conversion for full-duplex WDM RoF systems utilizing an SOA-MZI", International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Conference (MWP 2005), pp.321-324, 2005.
[29]甘小勇,高速铌酸锂波导电光调制器关键技术研究[学位论文],成都：电子科技大学,2004.
[30]陈福深,集成电光调制理论与技术,北京：国防工业出版社,1995.
[31]Amnon Yariv(著),陈鹤鸣,施伟华,张力(泽),现代通信光电子学(第5版),北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[32]李建强,基于铌酸锂调制器的微波光子信号处理技术及毫米波频段ROF系统设计,北京邮电大学博士学位论文,2008.
[33]J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, et. al., "Photonic crystals as optical fibres-physics and applications", Optical Materials, vol.2, no.3, pp.143-151, Nov.1999.
[34]P. Russell, "Photonic crystal fibers", Science, vol.299, no.5605, pp.358-362,2003.
[35]M.A. van Eijkelenborg, A. Argyros, G. Barton, et. al., Recent progress in microstructured polymer optical fibre fabrication and characterization, Optical Fiber Technology, vol.9, no.4, pp. 199-209,2003.
[36]T.A. Birks, G. Kakarantzas, P.St.J. Russell, et. al., Photonic crystal fibre devices, Proceedings of SPIE, vol.4943, pp.142-151,2003.
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