基于三维人体测量的女性下装人台研究
|
摘要
中国是全球最大的服装消费国和生产出口国。自2008年起,受国内外因素影响,中国服装业的发展步入了结构化调整的新阶段。人台是服装设计、服装生产制作、服装检验与评价的重要工具,是服装立体裁剪设计的重要载体。然而我国的人台行业起步较晚,发展不成熟,在人台的生产和制作中存在体型差异、标准不同、精度不够等问题,下装人台尤甚。因此研究适合国民体型特征的下装人台迫在眉睫。
本文以服务于华东地区25～55岁成年女性的下装人台研究为出发点进行如下研究：
(1)下装人台市场调研。本文通过对服装类相关企业和院校以问卷调研的形式调查国内下装人台的使用情况：下装人台在中国市场上还处于研发初期；使用者对下装人台的满意度较低,且最关心人台的造型和尺寸这两大要素。
(2)下装人台规格系列的设计。本文随机抽取了200名华东地区25～55岁成年女子为样本进行女子下体体型研究,通过[TC]2三维人体测量系统采集与女子下体体型相关的36项指标数据,用SPSS数理统计软件对采集的数据进行数据检验、主成分、聚类等数理统计分析。通过基本数理分析得到该群体的下体体型呈现矮胖的特征。通过聚类分析和主成分分析得到表征人体腰臀躯干的围度指标和体重对成年女子下体体型的影响最大,其次是表征人体高度的指标。参考国家标准,本文以腰臀差作为体型分类标准,将华东地区25-55岁成年女子分成P(梨形体)、M(中间体)、F(偏胖体)、O(柱形体)四类,并确定下体体型的控制部位为腰围、腹围、臀围、大腿根围、腰围高、下裆高、膝高、腹臀厚,共8项。采用二元线性回归方程确定各控制部位的分档数,并最终建立对应的下体号型规格系列。
(3)三维女性下体模型的构建。本文选取160M为中间体,利用AutoCAD对[TC]2三维人体测量系统扫描得到的中间体模型文件提取代表人体特征的61个截面型值点和截面高度坐标,构建下体特征矩阵,并作平均化和对称化的处理。使用3DMESH三维建模功能构建华东地区25～55岁成年女子的下体三维虚拟模型。
(4)三维女性下体模型的修正。参考国家标准和下装人台的实际需求,根据人体下体各特征截面在不同尺寸间的变化规律对中间体三维虚拟模型进行修正。
(5)实物下装人台的制作和检验。制作一华东地区25-55岁成年女子中间体下体体型特征的下装人台,并通过尺寸和造型检验验证其准确性和实用性。
China is the largest country of apparel consumption, production and exporting in the world. Being influenced by domestic and overseas factors, the development of China's garment industry has stepped into a new structural adjustment stage since the year 2008. Mannequins acted as an important tool during the process of garment design, production, inspection and evaluation. Meanwhile they acted as an important carrier for garment draping and designing. However, the mannequin industry in China was immature and still in the early stage. There were abundant problems in Mannequins, especially in lower-body mannequins, for instance:body classification, standard difference as well as precision insufficient. Therefore, researching of the adult-female lower-body mannequins which were suitable for national was pressing.
This research was dedicated to develop the lower-body mannequins for adult-female aged 25 to 55. Based on the above objectives, the researcher outlined the following proposals:
(1) Surveying of lower-body mannequins. Researcher surveyed apparel enterprises and colleges using questionnaire to observe how the lower-body mannequins are being used. The survey revealed that:lower-body mannequins in china were still in a researching stage; users showed low degree of satisfaction for the lower-body mannequins, but paid more attention to the shape and size factors.
(2) Establishing the sizing system for the lower-body mannequins.200 adult-female of 25-55 were randomly selected for lower-body shape research in East China.36 measurements were used to characterize female lower-body shape mainly by TC2 3D body scanner system. The data was analyzed by statistical means of description, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The basic data analysis showed that these adult-female had a short stout feature. The cluster analysis and the principal component analysis showed that girth indexes in waist to hip and weight indexes influenced mostly on adult-female lower-body shape. Height indexes were secondly influencing. Referencing National standards, the lower-body shape of adult-female aged 25 to 55 in East China was divided into four types according to waist-hip difference as the standard of body classification: P(pear) type、M(middle) type、F(fat) type and O(column) type. Then 8 restrictive positions were confirmed to describe the features of different body: Waist Girth, Abdomen Girth, Hip Girth, Thigh Circumference, Waist Height, Crotch Length, Knee Height, Abdomen-hip Thickness. The grading counts for 8 restrictive positions were given through two element linear regression equation. Finally, lower-body size specifications series were established.
(3) Constructing the three-dimensional adult-female lower-body modeling.160M was selected as intermediate. Coordinates of cross section and section height which showed body feature were extracted by AutoCAD from model documents. The model documents were collected from [TC]2 3D body scanner system. Matrix of lower-body was structured and disposed of average and symmetrical. Then 3D lower-body modeling for adult-female aged 25 to 55 in east China were given attributing to3DMESH for its modeling function.
(4) Amending the 3D lower-body modeling. Referring to national standards and actual demand, the amendment of 3D lower-body modeling was proceeded based on the changing regularity of sections in different size.
(5) Fabricating and examining the lower-body mannequins. A lower-body mannequin characterized lower-body shape feature of adult-female aged 25 to 55 in east china was fabricated and examined accuracy and practicality for its size and shape.
本文以服务于华东地区25～55岁成年女性的下装人台研究为出发点进行如下研究：
(1)下装人台市场调研。本文通过对服装类相关企业和院校以问卷调研的形式调查国内下装人台的使用情况：下装人台在中国市场上还处于研发初期；使用者对下装人台的满意度较低,且最关心人台的造型和尺寸这两大要素。
(2)下装人台规格系列的设计。本文随机抽取了200名华东地区25～55岁成年女子为样本进行女子下体体型研究,通过[TC]2三维人体测量系统采集与女子下体体型相关的36项指标数据,用SPSS数理统计软件对采集的数据进行数据检验、主成分、聚类等数理统计分析。通过基本数理分析得到该群体的下体体型呈现矮胖的特征。通过聚类分析和主成分分析得到表征人体腰臀躯干的围度指标和体重对成年女子下体体型的影响最大,其次是表征人体高度的指标。参考国家标准,本文以腰臀差作为体型分类标准,将华东地区25-55岁成年女子分成P(梨形体)、M(中间体)、F(偏胖体)、O(柱形体)四类,并确定下体体型的控制部位为腰围、腹围、臀围、大腿根围、腰围高、下裆高、膝高、腹臀厚,共8项。采用二元线性回归方程确定各控制部位的分档数,并最终建立对应的下体号型规格系列。
(3)三维女性下体模型的构建。本文选取160M为中间体,利用AutoCAD对[TC]2三维人体测量系统扫描得到的中间体模型文件提取代表人体特征的61个截面型值点和截面高度坐标,构建下体特征矩阵,并作平均化和对称化的处理。使用3DMESH三维建模功能构建华东地区25～55岁成年女子的下体三维虚拟模型。
(4)三维女性下体模型的修正。参考国家标准和下装人台的实际需求,根据人体下体各特征截面在不同尺寸间的变化规律对中间体三维虚拟模型进行修正。
(5)实物下装人台的制作和检验。制作一华东地区25-55岁成年女子中间体下体体型特征的下装人台,并通过尺寸和造型检验验证其准确性和实用性。
China is the largest country of apparel consumption, production and exporting in the world. Being influenced by domestic and overseas factors, the development of China's garment industry has stepped into a new structural adjustment stage since the year 2008. Mannequins acted as an important tool during the process of garment design, production, inspection and evaluation. Meanwhile they acted as an important carrier for garment draping and designing. However, the mannequin industry in China was immature and still in the early stage. There were abundant problems in Mannequins, especially in lower-body mannequins, for instance:body classification, standard difference as well as precision insufficient. Therefore, researching of the adult-female lower-body mannequins which were suitable for national was pressing.
This research was dedicated to develop the lower-body mannequins for adult-female aged 25 to 55. Based on the above objectives, the researcher outlined the following proposals:
(1) Surveying of lower-body mannequins. Researcher surveyed apparel enterprises and colleges using questionnaire to observe how the lower-body mannequins are being used. The survey revealed that:lower-body mannequins in china were still in a researching stage; users showed low degree of satisfaction for the lower-body mannequins, but paid more attention to the shape and size factors.
(2) Establishing the sizing system for the lower-body mannequins.200 adult-female of 25-55 were randomly selected for lower-body shape research in East China.36 measurements were used to characterize female lower-body shape mainly by TC2 3D body scanner system. The data was analyzed by statistical means of description, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The basic data analysis showed that these adult-female had a short stout feature. The cluster analysis and the principal component analysis showed that girth indexes in waist to hip and weight indexes influenced mostly on adult-female lower-body shape. Height indexes were secondly influencing. Referencing National standards, the lower-body shape of adult-female aged 25 to 55 in East China was divided into four types according to waist-hip difference as the standard of body classification: P(pear) type、M(middle) type、F(fat) type and O(column) type. Then 8 restrictive positions were confirmed to describe the features of different body: Waist Girth, Abdomen Girth, Hip Girth, Thigh Circumference, Waist Height, Crotch Length, Knee Height, Abdomen-hip Thickness. The grading counts for 8 restrictive positions were given through two element linear regression equation. Finally, lower-body size specifications series were established.
(3) Constructing the three-dimensional adult-female lower-body modeling.160M was selected as intermediate. Coordinates of cross section and section height which showed body feature were extracted by AutoCAD from model documents. The model documents were collected from [TC]2 3D body scanner system. Matrix of lower-body was structured and disposed of average and symmetrical. Then 3D lower-body modeling for adult-female aged 25 to 55 in east China were given attributing to3DMESH for its modeling function.
(4) Amending the 3D lower-body modeling. Referring to national standards and actual demand, the amendment of 3D lower-body modeling was proceeded based on the changing regularity of sections in different size.
(5) Fabricating and examining the lower-body mannequins. A lower-body mannequin characterized lower-body shape feature of adult-female aged 25 to 55 in east china was fabricated and examined accuracy and practicality for its size and shape.
引文
[1]中投顾问.2011-2015年中国服装行业投资分析及前景预测报告[R].广东：中投顾问,2005.
[2]姜涛.我国服装业现状分析及对策[J].辽宁丝绸,2006(2)：3-4.
[3]WEE H. A Study on Development of Apparel Sizing System for Chinese Adult Female-focused on the Residents in Beijing and Shanghai[D]. Sookmyung Women's University, 2005.
[4]SOHN H, WEE H, KIM E. A Study on the Body Shape of Chinese Adult Women-Focusing on Resident in Beiging and Shanghai[J]. Journal of Fashion Business,2005,9(1):137-151.
[5]中国纺织工业协会.2008/2009中国纺织工业发展报告[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2010.
[6]邹奉元,应力艳,陈若斐.人台的立体结构与礼服样板的关系研究[J].浙江工程学院学报,2002(4)：60-64.
[7]孙黎.我国服装人台市场初探[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007(8)：25-27.
[8]刘正,张欣,胡淑蓉.我国服装用人台现状分析[J].纺织学报,2006(5)：104-107.
[9]张祖芳,张家铭.标准人台研制与成衣工业[J].纺织学报,1994(5)：45-48.
[10]于燕.我国人台的现状分析及标准成衣人台的研究[J].由东纺织经济,2008(5)：73-75.
[11]SUSAN ASHDOWN S L C A. Use of Body Scan Data to Design Sizing Systems Based on Target Markets[R]. New York: National Textile Center(NTC),2004.
[12]丛杉,张渭源.基于下装设计的人体建模[J].纺织学报,2006(9)：58-61.
[13]从杉,方方.上海地区女大学生下体体型分类判别研宄[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2007(5)：668-672.
[14]邵献伟,王红歌,张文斌.男子下体静态体型分类方法的探讨与研究[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(3)：5-10.
[15]李勇,胡敏,付小莉.三维人体建模方法的研究[J].纺织学报,2002(5)：80-82.
[16]刘雁,耿兆丰,万登峰Matlab在三维人体及服装建模上的应用[J].微型机与应用,2003(9)：38-40.
[17]杨倩,李雪飞.基于Crust算法的虚拟人台重建[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(3)：32-36.
[18]胡敏,李勇,曹必德.VC++下服装人体模型的实现[J].纺织学报,2004(2)：57-59.
[19]夏平,姚进,罗全华.基于OpenGL的三维服装虚拟仿真[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2008(3)：1-8.
[20]张天睿,耿兆丰,杨天虹.基于OpenGL的三维可控人台构造分析[J].计算机应用, 2006(S2)：132-134.
[21]夏平,姚进.基于三次样条插值的参数化三维人台仿真模型的建立[J].成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2006(4)：19-23.
[22]夏平,姚进,罗全华.基于三次样条的三维服装模型的建立[J].纺织学报,2007(12)：84-88.
[23]李宋明.基于POSER软件的服装三维人台建模技术研究[D].北京：北京服装学院,2007.
[24]李宋明,林德静.基十POSER的三维服装人台模型[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(1)：18-21.
[25]上栋,高成英,高月芳,等.服装CAD中个性化三维人体建模[J].计算机系统应用,2009(8)：196-198.
[26]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 1335-91 GB/T 1335-91服装号型[S].1992.
[27]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 1335-1997 GB/T 1335-1997服装号型[S].1998.
[28]国家标准化管理委员会.GBT 1335.2-2008 GB/T 1335-2008服装号型[S].2009.
[29]慈溪市红邦服装模型有限公司.慈溪市红邦服装模型有限公司[EB/OL].http://hongbang.apparelsos.com.
[30]刘建智服装人台板型研究开发工作室.刘建智服装人台板型研究开发上作室[EB/OL].http://www.jzrtbx.com/gsjj.asp?id=4346.
[31]深圳市俊美模特儿衣架制品有限公司.深圳市俊美模特儿衣架制品有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.junmeimodel.com/.
[32]深圳南洋模特儿衣架有限公司.深圳南洋模特儿衣架有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.sznymt.com.
[33]深圳市旭升模特衣架有限公司.深圳市旭升模特衣架有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.xushengmt.com/.
[34]孙喜英.服装用标准女子人体模型的研究与应用[D].东华大学,2004.
[35]潘力丰.江浙女大学生体型研究[D].浙江：浙江理工大学浙江工程学院,2000.
[36]吴喜之,卢纹岱.SPSS统计分析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[37]夏怡凡.SPSS统计分析精要与实例详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[38]陈国强,石奕龙.简明文化人类学词典[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,1990.
[39]张文斌,方方.服装人体上效学[M].上海：东华大学出版社,2008.
[40]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.人体测量技术的现状与发展趋势[J].人类工效学,2002(2)：31-34.
[41]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 16160-2008 GB/T 16160-2008服装用人体测量的部位与方法[S].2009.
[42]王慧娟,王宏付,王静.人体测量技术与中老年人服装号型制定[J].武汉科技学院学报,2006(11)：17-20.
[43]Textile/Clothing Technology Corp. [TC]2-Textile/Clothing Technology Corp [EB/OL]. http://www.tc2.com/index.html.
[44]张芸,李俊.[TC]2非接触式三维测体系统的应用研究[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3)：93-96.
[45]王祺明,周天祥,张渭源.[TC]2三维人体测量系统的应用研究——获取人体体型特征截面的研究[J].国外丝绸,2009(3)：22-25.
[46]杨允出.基于体形分析的女性虚拟人台建立与服装原型样板定制研究[D].上海：东华大学服装学院,2007.
[47]CHONGXING Y, GONGRU L, WENBIN L, et al. [TC]2 dynamics and top quark production at NLC[J]. The European Physical Journal C,2000(2).
[48]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5703-2010GB/T 5703-2010用于技术设计的人体测量基础项目[S].2010.
[49]魏峰,蒋晓文.非接触人体测量技术在标准化人台开发中的应用[J].国际纺织导报,2009(9)：55-56.
[50]孙喜英.服装设计中有一个工具载体——人台[J].纺织信息周刊，2005(21)：13.
[51]夏鹏泽.服装用标准人体模型的研制与人体测量[J].服装科技,1999,37(6)：15-16.
[52]戴鸿,杨琳.服装号型标准体型分类应用的研究[J].针织T业,2006(11)：19-21.
[53]杨婕.女性腰臀形态美的量化研究[D].北京服装学院,2008.
[54]陈明艳,王祎欣.基于腰腹臀的女性特体分类和裤子样板设计[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2)：129-135.
[55]屠哗,朱秀丽,饯丽霞.我国南北方青年下体体型比较研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2010(1)：79-83.
[56]邹平,吴世刚.东北地区女青年体型及档差的修订[J].纺织学报,2009(11)：115-119.
[57]唐晓曼.北京及周边地区0-6岁儿童人体数据分析及人体数据信息系统的建立[D].北京：北京服装学院,2006.
[58]庄楚强.应用数理统计基础[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2006.
[59]刘文杰,丁永生,许轶超,等.基于VRML三维人体模型的控制实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2008(33)：86-88.
[60]徐继红.服装廓体松量与面料力学性能相关性及其预测模型的研究[D].上海：东华大学,2008.
[61]吕振通,张凌云.SPSS统计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[62]GUANBING L, WENBIN Z. A cooperative and adaptive e-MTM framework based on body classification:2010 2nd International Conference,2010[C].2010.8.
[63]宋茜,张一心.中国女子体型划分方法探讨[J].中国纤检,2008(7)：71-73.
[64]戴鸿.服装号型标准及其应用[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2009.
[65]王惠荣,张晖.基于模糊综合评价模型的教师教学评价系统的设计[J].软件导刊,2008(7)：171-173.
[66]松柏.人体的对称与不对称[J].民防苑,2008(1)：28.
[67]刘娟.人体天生不对称[J].医药与保健,2005(12)：55.
[68]胡新荣,崔树芹.基于服装特征的三维人体躯干建模[J].计算机应用研究,2007(3)：315-317.
[69]张泉,丁辉,王广志.基于人体结构断层图像的三维建模与网格剖分优化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007(12)：2200-2203.
[70]COMPUTING H Z J L, TECHNOLOGY C U O, COMPUTING P R C D, et al. Reconstruction of 3D Mannequin by Two-Dimensional Photos, 中国云南昆明,2008 [C].
[71]和平安,许焱平. AutoCAD结合MATLAB实现公式曲面的精确绘制[J].福建电脑,2005(8)：140.
[72]任江华,丁冬平AutoCAD2004三维造型基础教程[M].1.北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.
[73]胡仁喜,刘冬芳,方跃春,等.AutoCAD2010标准教程第6版[M].5.北京：科学出版社,2010.
[74]杜忠友,黄福同,张海林.AutoCAD完全教程[M].4.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[75]BIRTWISTLE G, TSIM C. Consumer purchasing behavior:An investigation of the UK mature women's clothing market[J]. Journal of Consumer Behavior.2005,4(6):453-464.
[76]葛彦.江苏地区中老年女性自我外观形象态度与管理行为研究[D].苏州大学,2007.
[77]倪银娣.女性品牌服装消费心理的实证研究[J].西北纺织工学院学报,2000(4)：390-393.
[78]吴晓燕,卢习林.基于NURBS插值的散乱数据点人体自由曲面重构技术[J].北京服装学院学报,2001(2)：45-52.
[79]谷林,张欣.基于三维人体建模的女性围度曲线变化及分类方法[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2008(1)：22-25.
[80]宋庆文,周源华.一种基于模型的人体建模系统[J].计算机应用与软件,2004(1)：57-60.
[81]钱凯.三维人体缩放模型[D].东华大学,2006.
[82]李兆龙.中国立裁人台造型研究与加工技术[D].北京：北京服装学院,2007.
[2]姜涛.我国服装业现状分析及对策[J].辽宁丝绸,2006(2)：3-4.
[3]WEE H. A Study on Development of Apparel Sizing System for Chinese Adult Female-focused on the Residents in Beijing and Shanghai[D]. Sookmyung Women's University, 2005.
[4]SOHN H, WEE H, KIM E. A Study on the Body Shape of Chinese Adult Women-Focusing on Resident in Beiging and Shanghai[J]. Journal of Fashion Business,2005,9(1):137-151.
[5]中国纺织工业协会.2008/2009中国纺织工业发展报告[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2010.
[6]邹奉元,应力艳,陈若斐.人台的立体结构与礼服样板的关系研究[J].浙江工程学院学报,2002(4)：60-64.
[7]孙黎.我国服装人台市场初探[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007(8)：25-27.
[8]刘正,张欣,胡淑蓉.我国服装用人台现状分析[J].纺织学报,2006(5)：104-107.
[9]张祖芳,张家铭.标准人台研制与成衣工业[J].纺织学报,1994(5)：45-48.
[10]于燕.我国人台的现状分析及标准成衣人台的研究[J].由东纺织经济,2008(5)：73-75.
[11]SUSAN ASHDOWN S L C A. Use of Body Scan Data to Design Sizing Systems Based on Target Markets[R]. New York: National Textile Center(NTC),2004.
[12]丛杉,张渭源.基于下装设计的人体建模[J].纺织学报,2006(9)：58-61.
[13]从杉,方方.上海地区女大学生下体体型分类判别研宄[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2007(5)：668-672.
[14]邵献伟,王红歌,张文斌.男子下体静态体型分类方法的探讨与研究[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(3)：5-10.
[15]李勇,胡敏,付小莉.三维人体建模方法的研究[J].纺织学报,2002(5)：80-82.
[16]刘雁,耿兆丰,万登峰Matlab在三维人体及服装建模上的应用[J].微型机与应用,2003(9)：38-40.
[17]杨倩,李雪飞.基于Crust算法的虚拟人台重建[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(3)：32-36.
[18]胡敏,李勇,曹必德.VC++下服装人体模型的实现[J].纺织学报,2004(2)：57-59.
[19]夏平,姚进,罗全华.基于OpenGL的三维服装虚拟仿真[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2008(3)：1-8.
[20]张天睿,耿兆丰,杨天虹.基于OpenGL的三维可控人台构造分析[J].计算机应用, 2006(S2)：132-134.
[21]夏平,姚进.基于三次样条插值的参数化三维人台仿真模型的建立[J].成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2006(4)：19-23.
[22]夏平,姚进,罗全华.基于三次样条的三维服装模型的建立[J].纺织学报,2007(12)：84-88.
[23]李宋明.基于POSER软件的服装三维人台建模技术研究[D].北京：北京服装学院,2007.
[24]李宋明,林德静.基十POSER的三维服装人台模型[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2009(1)：18-21.
[25]上栋,高成英,高月芳,等.服装CAD中个性化三维人体建模[J].计算机系统应用,2009(8)：196-198.
[26]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 1335-91 GB/T 1335-91服装号型[S].1992.
[27]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 1335-1997 GB/T 1335-1997服装号型[S].1998.
[28]国家标准化管理委员会.GBT 1335.2-2008 GB/T 1335-2008服装号型[S].2009.
[29]慈溪市红邦服装模型有限公司.慈溪市红邦服装模型有限公司[EB/OL].http://hongbang.apparelsos.com.
[30]刘建智服装人台板型研究开发工作室.刘建智服装人台板型研究开发上作室[EB/OL].http://www.jzrtbx.com/gsjj.asp?id=4346.
[31]深圳市俊美模特儿衣架制品有限公司.深圳市俊美模特儿衣架制品有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.junmeimodel.com/.
[32]深圳南洋模特儿衣架有限公司.深圳南洋模特儿衣架有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.sznymt.com.
[33]深圳市旭升模特衣架有限公司.深圳市旭升模特衣架有限公司[EB/OL].http://www.xushengmt.com/.
[34]孙喜英.服装用标准女子人体模型的研究与应用[D].东华大学,2004.
[35]潘力丰.江浙女大学生体型研究[D].浙江：浙江理工大学浙江工程学院,2000.
[36]吴喜之,卢纹岱.SPSS统计分析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[37]夏怡凡.SPSS统计分析精要与实例详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[38]陈国强,石奕龙.简明文化人类学词典[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,1990.
[39]张文斌,方方.服装人体上效学[M].上海：东华大学出版社,2008.
[40]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.人体测量技术的现状与发展趋势[J].人类工效学,2002(2)：31-34.
[41]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 16160-2008 GB/T 16160-2008服装用人体测量的部位与方法[S].2009.
[42]王慧娟,王宏付,王静.人体测量技术与中老年人服装号型制定[J].武汉科技学院学报,2006(11)：17-20.
[43]Textile/Clothing Technology Corp. [TC]2-Textile/Clothing Technology Corp [EB/OL]. http://www.tc2.com/index.html.
[44]张芸,李俊.[TC]2非接触式三维测体系统的应用研究[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3)：93-96.
[45]王祺明,周天祥,张渭源.[TC]2三维人体测量系统的应用研究——获取人体体型特征截面的研究[J].国外丝绸,2009(3)：22-25.
[46]杨允出.基于体形分析的女性虚拟人台建立与服装原型样板定制研究[D].上海：东华大学服装学院,2007.
[47]CHONGXING Y, GONGRU L, WENBIN L, et al. [TC]2 dynamics and top quark production at NLC[J]. The European Physical Journal C,2000(2).
[48]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5703-2010GB/T 5703-2010用于技术设计的人体测量基础项目[S].2010.
[49]魏峰,蒋晓文.非接触人体测量技术在标准化人台开发中的应用[J].国际纺织导报,2009(9)：55-56.
[50]孙喜英.服装设计中有一个工具载体——人台[J].纺织信息周刊，2005(21)：13.
[51]夏鹏泽.服装用标准人体模型的研制与人体测量[J].服装科技,1999,37(6)：15-16.
[52]戴鸿,杨琳.服装号型标准体型分类应用的研究[J].针织T业,2006(11)：19-21.
[53]杨婕.女性腰臀形态美的量化研究[D].北京服装学院,2008.
[54]陈明艳,王祎欣.基于腰腹臀的女性特体分类和裤子样板设计[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2)：129-135.
[55]屠哗,朱秀丽,饯丽霞.我国南北方青年下体体型比较研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2010(1)：79-83.
[56]邹平,吴世刚.东北地区女青年体型及档差的修订[J].纺织学报,2009(11)：115-119.
[57]唐晓曼.北京及周边地区0-6岁儿童人体数据分析及人体数据信息系统的建立[D].北京：北京服装学院,2006.
[58]庄楚强.应用数理统计基础[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2006.
[59]刘文杰,丁永生,许轶超,等.基于VRML三维人体模型的控制实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2008(33)：86-88.
[60]徐继红.服装廓体松量与面料力学性能相关性及其预测模型的研究[D].上海：东华大学,2008.
[61]吕振通,张凌云.SPSS统计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[62]GUANBING L, WENBIN Z. A cooperative and adaptive e-MTM framework based on body classification:2010 2nd International Conference,2010[C].2010.8.
[63]宋茜,张一心.中国女子体型划分方法探讨[J].中国纤检,2008(7)：71-73.
[64]戴鸿.服装号型标准及其应用[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2009.
[65]王惠荣,张晖.基于模糊综合评价模型的教师教学评价系统的设计[J].软件导刊,2008(7)：171-173.
[66]松柏.人体的对称与不对称[J].民防苑,2008(1)：28.
[67]刘娟.人体天生不对称[J].医药与保健,2005(12)：55.
[68]胡新荣,崔树芹.基于服装特征的三维人体躯干建模[J].计算机应用研究,2007(3)：315-317.
[69]张泉,丁辉,王广志.基于人体结构断层图像的三维建模与网格剖分优化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007(12)：2200-2203.
[70]COMPUTING H Z J L, TECHNOLOGY C U O, COMPUTING P R C D, et al. Reconstruction of 3D Mannequin by Two-Dimensional Photos, 中国云南昆明,2008 [C].
[71]和平安,许焱平. AutoCAD结合MATLAB实现公式曲面的精确绘制[J].福建电脑,2005(8)：140.
[72]任江华,丁冬平AutoCAD2004三维造型基础教程[M].1.北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.
[73]胡仁喜,刘冬芳,方跃春,等.AutoCAD2010标准教程第6版[M].5.北京：科学出版社,2010.
[74]杜忠友,黄福同,张海林.AutoCAD完全教程[M].4.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[75]BIRTWISTLE G, TSIM C. Consumer purchasing behavior:An investigation of the UK mature women's clothing market[J]. Journal of Consumer Behavior.2005,4(6):453-464.
[76]葛彦.江苏地区中老年女性自我外观形象态度与管理行为研究[D].苏州大学,2007.
[77]倪银娣.女性品牌服装消费心理的实证研究[J].西北纺织工学院学报,2000(4)：390-393.
[78]吴晓燕,卢习林.基于NURBS插值的散乱数据点人体自由曲面重构技术[J].北京服装学院学报,2001(2)：45-52.
[79]谷林,张欣.基于三维人体建模的女性围度曲线变化及分类方法[J].北京服装学院学报(自然科学版),2008(1)：22-25.
[80]宋庆文,周源华.一种基于模型的人体建模系统[J].计算机应用与软件,2004(1)：57-60.
[81]钱凯.三维人体缩放模型[D].东华大学,2006.
[82]李兆龙.中国立裁人台造型研究与加工技术[D].北京：北京服装学院,2007.