太极拳健身原理研究
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摘要
本研究主要目的是通过系统分析太极拳健身的研究文献，结合太极拳的动作特点和运动要求，对其蕴涵的健身原理与方法进行初步的理论探讨，同时研究了太极拳运动对原发性高血压患者血压的影响及其作用机制。
本研究采用的方法，主要有文献资料法、实验研究法、观察法、问卷调查法以及数理统计法。通过系统的分析和研究，确立了以下理性认识和实验结论：
太极拳健身原理的理论研究方面：
太极拳健身原理的涵义是指通过太极拳练习(尤指拳架练习)促进身心健康的基本规律。
近代太极拳发展逐步衍生出传统太极拳、健身太极拳和竞技太极拳，传统太极拳向健身太极拳和竞技太极拳的演化是社会发展的必然。由于传统太极拳蕴涵着前人丰富的技击和养生健身经验，而成为竞技太极拳和健身太极拳发展的知识宝库，也是健身太极拳和竞技太极拳向精细发展的后盾。
当前太极拳健身原理的研究大体可归纳为“心理健康增进说”、“免疫促进说”、“体质促进说”和“经络疏通说”四种。在阐述太极拳健身效益时，研究者大抵重视太极拳运动以下四个方面特征：
一是“心静体松，动静结合”的内功拳特质；
二是“缓慢柔和、连绵不断”的中等强度有氧运动性质；
三是“节节贯串，劲走螺旋”的大小肌群共同参与的整体性运动；
四是“意识、呼吸和动作”密切配合富有韵律的运动。
各派太极拳共同的核心特征可概括为四条：一是心静体松；二是动作缓慢连贯；三是意念、呼吸和动作相配合；四是周身一体。四条特征可以统一为：“静、松、慢、圆、整”五个因子，这五个因子既是在“意”的统驭下渐次形成，又都包含了“意”本身。这既是太极拳练出浑圆内劲的主要因素，也是太极拳促进健康的本质因子，笔者称之为“太极拳健身因子”。
借助“水桶理论”构筑太极拳健身效益的一般模型，说明要取得太极拳健身的理想效益，必须是构成太极拳健身效益的健身因子能够均衡地发展。
用“非衡结构补偿理论”阐述太极拳健身效益的个体特性，即健身效益构成因子中某种薄弱因子为另一种高度发展的因子所弥补或代偿，进而保持总体健身效益的优异。
在“水桶理论”和“非衡结构补偿理论”论述的基础上提出：在探讨太极拳健身效益时，要因人而异地兼顾“总合律”、“主导律”和“突前律”，妥善安排“静、松、慢、圆、整”各健身因子在锻炼中的比重，以取得最佳的健身养生效果。
土仅巷Q岳屈吧耐虎
太极拳健身原理的实验研究方面：
＞一次急性太极拳运动后，原发性高血压患者收缩压和舒张压都呈下降趋势，
舒张压下降的程度更加明显（P＜0．05），且更为持久。这种降压效应可持续18
个小时以上，24小时后基本恢复到运动前水平。一次急性太极拳运动的降压
效应独立子患者血压一般情形下的昼夜变化。这表明一次急性太极拳运动对
原发性高血压患者血压的良好影响可持续将近一天。
P 一次急性太极拳运动后即刻，血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（LDL－C）浓度明显下降（P＜0．05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）浓度显著
上升（P＜0．0引；运动后24小时川巩＜浓度持续升高（P＜0．01）；甘油三酯（兀）
浓度明显下降（P＜0．05），LDL－C浓度回升并超过运动前水平；48。J、时后仇、
TG、LDL《的浓度基本恢复到运动前水平，HDL《浓度仍然较高，但与运动
前相比，没有显著性差异。这提示，在观察运动对血脂影响时，应根据试验
的目的，注意采血时间的把握，以区分急性效应和长期效应c
＞通过 讣 周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的安静收缩压从
U0．时6．6n；nlHg降到1兆．力7．gmmHg（P＜0．们），舒张压从％．2t3．6mnlHg降到
88．5 15．smmHg（P＜0．05）。这表明规律性太极拳锻炼可以作为临界高血压和
一期高血压患者的替代疗法或主要疗法。
＞通过N周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的血清总胆固醇（n）的浓
度显著性下降（P＜0．05）；高密度脂蛋白月旦固醇（HDL－C）显著性上升（P＜0．05），
甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL＜）的浓度水平也呈下降趋势，
但达不到显著水平。24周太极拳训练使TC和HDL＜产生的良好变化，增强
对心血管保护，对患者血压正常化起到重要的协同作用。
＞通过24周太极拳训练，发现血清一氧化氮（m）的安静浓度高于8周和训
练前，但没有显著性差异什叩．05）；定量负荷后，8周和24周两组的m
浓度都显著升高（P＜0．05），24周时的血清NO浓度显著高于8周时的血清
皿浓度（P＜0．01）。这表明规律性大极拳训练对安静时洲的形成影响不大，
却能提高高血压患者对运动刺激的反应性变化，是运动适应的表现。
＞通过川周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的体质指数（洲1）下降明显
（P＜0．05）；患者的腰臀比（洲m也呈下降趋势，但训练前后比较没有显著性
差异o叩．05L 这种改善对高血压患者有重要的临床意义。
＞ 太
The main aim of this study is to explore principle of improving health by means of Taijiquan through analyses of latest available research achievements in the field in order to prepare for constructing oncoming comparatively perfect health-promotion theory, meanwhile, examine the efficacy of practicing Taijiquan on hypertension through two experiments combining with distinguishing features and demands of Taijiquan movement.
This research adopts documentation, experiment, investigation and observation along with relevant questionnaire and mathematical statistics. By means of the systematic analysis, this study established following rational knowledge and the related experiment conclusions :
Theoretic research conclusion of promotion-health Taijiquan :
------ Defined the health-promotion principles of Taijiquan as fundamental rules of enhancing
and promoting physical and mental health by means of practicing Taijiquan (especially practicing routines of Taijiquan)
------ Illustrated differences and relationship of Traditional Taijiquan, Competitive Taijiquan
and Health-Promoting Taijiquan through analyzing their practicing contents and aims. Traditional Taijiquan evolved into current Competitive Taijiquan and Health -Promotion Taijiquan is the demand of development society. Since the fact that Traditional Taijiquan conserves the richest experience of craftsmanship skill and health promoting, which makes Traditional Taijiquan become the treasure-house and backup for the fine improvement of Competitive Taijiquan and Health-promotion Taijiquan.
------ Researching achievements on improving health by Taijiquan practice at the moment can
be summed up into 4 kinds of theories "Studying of enhancing mental health " , "Studying of immunity enhance" , "Study of physical promotion " and "Study of dredging Jingluo" respectively. These four studies are distinct and correlated with one another, which elaborated all kinds of mechanisms of improving health by Taijiquan practice from different perspectives. To elaborate the efficacy of promoting health by Taijiquan, most researchers value the following four features of Taijiquan:
I . "Keeping calm and relax from mind to body, combining motion with tranquil", as is the characteristics of Internal Gong:
II. "Moving slowly, gently and continuously ". as makes Taijiquan be one kind of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and become certainly popular.
III. "Transporting force steadily, and applying spinal force", as demands most body muscle groups participating the movement together.
IV. "Linking consciousness, breathing and movement closely", as makes mind concentrate on one kind of rhythmic movement.
------ The common distinguishing core features of different Taijiquan styles are : Keeping
calm and relax from mind to body; Moving slowly, gently and continuously; Linking consciousness, breathing and movement closely; Moving as a whole. These demands may be unified as: relaxation, (juiciness, slowness, keeping arc and moving as a whole. These 5 elements form little by little under control of consciousness, meanwhile consciousness melded into these five elements itself. These five elements are the essential factors cultivating primal internal force and promoting healthy condition, so called "health-promotion factors".
------ Applying "Bucket Theory" construct a general model elucidated the efficacy of Taijiquan
on improving health; The general model illustrates the importance of equilibrium development of these five factors to obtain ideal beneficial result. Presented "non-equilibrium composition
compensatory theory" to elaborate some basic requirements to arrange 5 factors reasonably according to individual property.
------On the basis of "Bucket Theory" and "Non-equilibrium Composition Compensatory
Theory", gives consideration about the vary with each individual "Altogether law ", "Dominant law "and "Dash forward law ", and suggests proper arrangement of "relaxation, quietness, slowness, keeping arc and moving as a whole"
本研究采用的方法，主要有文献资料法、实验研究法、观察法、问卷调查法以及数理统计法。通过系统的分析和研究，确立了以下理性认识和实验结论：
太极拳健身原理的理论研究方面：
太极拳健身原理的涵义是指通过太极拳练习(尤指拳架练习)促进身心健康的基本规律。
近代太极拳发展逐步衍生出传统太极拳、健身太极拳和竞技太极拳，传统太极拳向健身太极拳和竞技太极拳的演化是社会发展的必然。由于传统太极拳蕴涵着前人丰富的技击和养生健身经验，而成为竞技太极拳和健身太极拳发展的知识宝库，也是健身太极拳和竞技太极拳向精细发展的后盾。
当前太极拳健身原理的研究大体可归纳为“心理健康增进说”、“免疫促进说”、“体质促进说”和“经络疏通说”四种。在阐述太极拳健身效益时，研究者大抵重视太极拳运动以下四个方面特征：
一是“心静体松，动静结合”的内功拳特质；
二是“缓慢柔和、连绵不断”的中等强度有氧运动性质；
三是“节节贯串，劲走螺旋”的大小肌群共同参与的整体性运动；
四是“意识、呼吸和动作”密切配合富有韵律的运动。
各派太极拳共同的核心特征可概括为四条：一是心静体松；二是动作缓慢连贯；三是意念、呼吸和动作相配合；四是周身一体。四条特征可以统一为：“静、松、慢、圆、整”五个因子，这五个因子既是在“意”的统驭下渐次形成，又都包含了“意”本身。这既是太极拳练出浑圆内劲的主要因素，也是太极拳促进健康的本质因子，笔者称之为“太极拳健身因子”。
借助“水桶理论”构筑太极拳健身效益的一般模型，说明要取得太极拳健身的理想效益，必须是构成太极拳健身效益的健身因子能够均衡地发展。
用“非衡结构补偿理论”阐述太极拳健身效益的个体特性，即健身效益构成因子中某种薄弱因子为另一种高度发展的因子所弥补或代偿，进而保持总体健身效益的优异。
在“水桶理论”和“非衡结构补偿理论”论述的基础上提出：在探讨太极拳健身效益时，要因人而异地兼顾“总合律”、“主导律”和“突前律”，妥善安排“静、松、慢、圆、整”各健身因子在锻炼中的比重，以取得最佳的健身养生效果。
土仅巷Q岳屈吧耐虎
太极拳健身原理的实验研究方面：
＞一次急性太极拳运动后，原发性高血压患者收缩压和舒张压都呈下降趋势，
舒张压下降的程度更加明显（P＜0．05），且更为持久。这种降压效应可持续18
个小时以上，24小时后基本恢复到运动前水平。一次急性太极拳运动的降压
效应独立子患者血压一般情形下的昼夜变化。这表明一次急性太极拳运动对
原发性高血压患者血压的良好影响可持续将近一天。
P 一次急性太极拳运动后即刻，血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（LDL－C）浓度明显下降（P＜0．05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）浓度显著
上升（P＜0．0引；运动后24小时川巩＜浓度持续升高（P＜0．01）；甘油三酯（兀）
浓度明显下降（P＜0．05），LDL－C浓度回升并超过运动前水平；48。J、时后仇、
TG、LDL《的浓度基本恢复到运动前水平，HDL《浓度仍然较高，但与运动
前相比，没有显著性差异。这提示，在观察运动对血脂影响时，应根据试验
的目的，注意采血时间的把握，以区分急性效应和长期效应c
＞通过 讣 周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的安静收缩压从
U0．时6．6n；nlHg降到1兆．力7．gmmHg（P＜0．们），舒张压从％．2t3．6mnlHg降到
88．5 15．smmHg（P＜0．05）。这表明规律性太极拳锻炼可以作为临界高血压和
一期高血压患者的替代疗法或主要疗法。
＞通过N周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的血清总胆固醇（n）的浓
度显著性下降（P＜0．05）；高密度脂蛋白月旦固醇（HDL－C）显著性上升（P＜0．05），
甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL＜）的浓度水平也呈下降趋势，
但达不到显著水平。24周太极拳训练使TC和HDL＜产生的良好变化，增强
对心血管保护，对患者血压正常化起到重要的协同作用。
＞通过24周太极拳训练，发现血清一氧化氮（m）的安静浓度高于8周和训
练前，但没有显著性差异什叩．05）；定量负荷后，8周和24周两组的m
浓度都显著升高（P＜0．05），24周时的血清NO浓度显著高于8周时的血清
皿浓度（P＜0．01）。这表明规律性大极拳训练对安静时洲的形成影响不大，
却能提高高血压患者对运动刺激的反应性变化，是运动适应的表现。
＞通过川周太极拳训练，发现原发性高血压患者的体质指数（洲1）下降明显
（P＜0．05）；患者的腰臀比（洲m也呈下降趋势，但训练前后比较没有显著性
差异o叩．05L 这种改善对高血压患者有重要的临床意义。
＞ 太
The main aim of this study is to explore principle of improving health by means of Taijiquan through analyses of latest available research achievements in the field in order to prepare for constructing oncoming comparatively perfect health-promotion theory, meanwhile, examine the efficacy of practicing Taijiquan on hypertension through two experiments combining with distinguishing features and demands of Taijiquan movement.
This research adopts documentation, experiment, investigation and observation along with relevant questionnaire and mathematical statistics. By means of the systematic analysis, this study established following rational knowledge and the related experiment conclusions :
Theoretic research conclusion of promotion-health Taijiquan :
------ Defined the health-promotion principles of Taijiquan as fundamental rules of enhancing
and promoting physical and mental health by means of practicing Taijiquan (especially practicing routines of Taijiquan)
------ Illustrated differences and relationship of Traditional Taijiquan, Competitive Taijiquan
and Health-Promoting Taijiquan through analyzing their practicing contents and aims. Traditional Taijiquan evolved into current Competitive Taijiquan and Health -Promotion Taijiquan is the demand of development society. Since the fact that Traditional Taijiquan conserves the richest experience of craftsmanship skill and health promoting, which makes Traditional Taijiquan become the treasure-house and backup for the fine improvement of Competitive Taijiquan and Health-promotion Taijiquan.
------ Researching achievements on improving health by Taijiquan practice at the moment can
be summed up into 4 kinds of theories "Studying of enhancing mental health " , "Studying of immunity enhance" , "Study of physical promotion " and "Study of dredging Jingluo" respectively. These four studies are distinct and correlated with one another, which elaborated all kinds of mechanisms of improving health by Taijiquan practice from different perspectives. To elaborate the efficacy of promoting health by Taijiquan, most researchers value the following four features of Taijiquan:
I . "Keeping calm and relax from mind to body, combining motion with tranquil", as is the characteristics of Internal Gong:
II. "Moving slowly, gently and continuously ". as makes Taijiquan be one kind of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and become certainly popular.
III. "Transporting force steadily, and applying spinal force", as demands most body muscle groups participating the movement together.
IV. "Linking consciousness, breathing and movement closely", as makes mind concentrate on one kind of rhythmic movement.
------ The common distinguishing core features of different Taijiquan styles are : Keeping
calm and relax from mind to body; Moving slowly, gently and continuously; Linking consciousness, breathing and movement closely; Moving as a whole. These demands may be unified as: relaxation, (juiciness, slowness, keeping arc and moving as a whole. These 5 elements form little by little under control of consciousness, meanwhile consciousness melded into these five elements itself. These five elements are the essential factors cultivating primal internal force and promoting healthy condition, so called "health-promotion factors".
------ Applying "Bucket Theory" construct a general model elucidated the efficacy of Taijiquan
on improving health; The general model illustrates the importance of equilibrium development of these five factors to obtain ideal beneficial result. Presented "non-equilibrium composition
compensatory theory" to elaborate some basic requirements to arrange 5 factors reasonably according to individual property.
------On the basis of "Bucket Theory" and "Non-equilibrium Composition Compensatory
Theory", gives consideration about the vary with each individual "Altogether law ", "Dominant law "and "Dash forward law ", and suggests proper arrangement of "relaxation, quietness, slowness, keeping arc and moving as a whole"
引文
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[1]王忠山(1999)：太极拳对老年人血脂、血液流变学指标影响的追踪研究。《天津体育学院学报》。1期。
[2]矫玮(2000)：关于当前对运动员免疫能力研究的思考。《运动生理学进展——质疑与思考》(杨锡让、傅浩坚主编)。北京体育大学出版社。
[3]邵黎、戴卫等(1999)：大强度运动影响免疫功能的机制初探。《中国运动医学杂志》。3期
[4]王瑞元、杨谦(1996)：练习不同流派太极拳时的肌电变化。《北京体育大学学报》。4期。
[5]张广德(1990)：四十八式太极拳和益气养肺功对人体血清四类免疫蛋白含量影响的研究。《北京体育学院学报》。4期。
[6]张秋臻(1990)：太极拳锻炼对老年人内分泌系统的影响。《中华武术》。3期。
[7]李庆华，季守祥(1995)：太极拳运动医疗保健效果机制的探讨。《上海体育学院学报》。
[8]徐明、温佐惠(1996)：老年人太极拳运动前后心肺功能的变化。《全国运动医学成都学术会议论文摘要汇编》。
[9]杨中平(1994)：太极拳运动员的血液流变动力学研究。《上海体育学院学报》。3期。
[10]曲绵域(1984)太极拳对老年人骨关节系统的影响。《生命在于运动特刊》(老年保健讲座)。
[11]郭静如，洪友廉(1996)：太极拳运动对改善老年人运动功能作用初探。《天津体育学院学报》。11期。
[12]孟昭威(1988)：经络传感速度的研究。《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[13][日]根本勇 (1987)：运动训练的基本原理。《冰雪运动》，2期。
[14]刘大庆(2000)：运动员竞技能力非衡结构补偿理论。北京体育大学博士学位论文。
[15]程敏闾、袁公亮等(1995)：太极拳、练功十八法锻炼对老年人血浆Ⅰ—PA，PAI活性的影《上海体育学院学报》。19期。
[16]李冰晓、余旗(2002)：运动与凝血。《中国运动医学杂志》。4期。
[17]陈启明(2002)：关节镜在运动医学治疗中的应用。2002年第9届全国运动医学学术会议大会报告。
[18]倪红莺、雷芗生等(2001)：42式太极拳定量负荷对中老年知识分子心肺机能的影响。《中国体育科技》。7期。
[19]孟昭威(1988)：经络传感速度的研究。《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[20]祝总骧等(1988)；经络的结构形态与功能系统。
《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[21]王玉林、周红萍(2000)：太极拳运动对心率的影响。《中国体育科技》。2期。
[22]陈颜芳等(1999)：胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠血管舒展功能异常的机制。《高血压杂志》。2期。
[23]王敬浩、黄叔怀(2001)：太极拳运动对高血脂并Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的疗效观察极其机理探讨。《体育与科技》。1期。
[24]李向平等(2000)：高密度脂蛋白对血管内皮依赖性舒展功能的影响。《中华心血管病杂志》。3期。
[25]许彦芳等(1998)：心血管系统NO释放的生理调控。《中国药理学通报》。2期。
[26]李云霞(2001)：太极拳对老年抗衰老——内分泌代谢的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[27]王晓军(2001)：太极拳对老年人NK细胞及IL-2的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[28][台北]蓝青(2001)：太极拳对中老年人心肺功能之促进维持效果。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[29][香港]贺菊芳(2001)：太极拳改善老年人心肺功能的作用。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[30]冯美云(2001)：二十四式太极拳和陈式太极功对老年人血脂水平和抗氧化能力的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[31][香港]毛德伟(2001)：太极拳的运动学特征。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[32][香港]许云影(2001)：两个月太极拳锻链可获得改善健康老年人平衡能力的效果。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[33]孙绪生(2001)：简化太极拳对肘关节伸肌和屈肌力量和平衡能力的作用。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[34][香港]徐东青(2001)：太极拳对感觉运动系统训练成分的初步分析．引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[35][香港]曾伟男(2001)：太极训练可以改善老年人关节本体感觉。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[36][美国]Steven L Wolf(2001)：太极拳可防止老年人跌倒：最新观点。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[37]金其贯、徐碧君(2000)：Vitamin E对大运动量训练大鼠内皮细胞内分泌功能的影响。《中国运动医学杂志》。3期。
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[1] 中国体育报(2001．3．2日)： 太极拳之美首届世界太极泰健康大会见闻。
[2] 中国武术展现工程系列片(2002)：《意拳推手》(蒋家骢主讲)。人民体育音像出版社。
[3] 中国武术展现工程系列片(2002)：《2002中国焦作国际太极推手擂台赛1-12》 人民体育音像出版社。
[4] 中国武术再现工程系列片(2001)：《杨式太极拳》(杨振基主讲)。人民体育出版社。
[5] 《陈式太极拳及其击技法 第一路1-7集 第二路8-10集》(2000)(马虹示范讲解)。四川电子音像出版社。
[6] 中国武术展现工程系列片(2002)：《陈式太极拳新架一路、新架二路》(陈正雷主讲)。人民体育出版社。
[2] [法]克洛德 贝尔纳著、夏康尔 管光东译(1996)：《实验医学研究导论》。北京：商务印书馆。
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[1]王忠山(1999)：太极拳对老年人血脂、血液流变学指标影响的追踪研究。《天津体育学院学报》。1期。
[2]矫玮(2000)：关于当前对运动员免疫能力研究的思考。《运动生理学进展——质疑与思考》(杨锡让、傅浩坚主编)。北京体育大学出版社。
[3]邵黎、戴卫等(1999)：大强度运动影响免疫功能的机制初探。《中国运动医学杂志》。3期
[4]王瑞元、杨谦(1996)：练习不同流派太极拳时的肌电变化。《北京体育大学学报》。4期。
[5]张广德(1990)：四十八式太极拳和益气养肺功对人体血清四类免疫蛋白含量影响的研究。《北京体育学院学报》。4期。
[6]张秋臻(1990)：太极拳锻炼对老年人内分泌系统的影响。《中华武术》。3期。
[7]李庆华，季守祥(1995)：太极拳运动医疗保健效果机制的探讨。《上海体育学院学报》。
[8]徐明、温佐惠(1996)：老年人太极拳运动前后心肺功能的变化。《全国运动医学成都学术会议论文摘要汇编》。
[9]杨中平(1994)：太极拳运动员的血液流变动力学研究。《上海体育学院学报》。3期。
[10]曲绵域(1984)太极拳对老年人骨关节系统的影响。《生命在于运动特刊》(老年保健讲座)。
[11]郭静如，洪友廉(1996)：太极拳运动对改善老年人运动功能作用初探。《天津体育学院学报》。11期。
[12]孟昭威(1988)：经络传感速度的研究。《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[13][日]根本勇 (1987)：运动训练的基本原理。《冰雪运动》，2期。
[14]刘大庆(2000)：运动员竞技能力非衡结构补偿理论。北京体育大学博士学位论文。
[15]程敏闾、袁公亮等(1995)：太极拳、练功十八法锻炼对老年人血浆Ⅰ—PA，PAI活性的影《上海体育学院学报》。19期。
[16]李冰晓、余旗(2002)：运动与凝血。《中国运动医学杂志》。4期。
[17]陈启明(2002)：关节镜在运动医学治疗中的应用。2002年第9届全国运动医学学术会议大会报告。
[18]倪红莺、雷芗生等(2001)：42式太极拳定量负荷对中老年知识分子心肺机能的影响。《中国体育科技》。7期。
[19]孟昭威(1988)：经络传感速度的研究。《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[20]祝总骧等(1988)；经络的结构形态与功能系统。
《针灸经生物物理学——中国第一大发明的科学验证》(1988年国际经络生物研讨会论文集)。
[21]王玉林、周红萍(2000)：太极拳运动对心率的影响。《中国体育科技》。2期。
[22]陈颜芳等(1999)：胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠血管舒展功能异常的机制。《高血压杂志》。2期。
[23]王敬浩、黄叔怀(2001)：太极拳运动对高血脂并Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的疗效观察极其机理探讨。《体育与科技》。1期。
[24]李向平等(2000)：高密度脂蛋白对血管内皮依赖性舒展功能的影响。《中华心血管病杂志》。3期。
[25]许彦芳等(1998)：心血管系统NO释放的生理调控。《中国药理学通报》。2期。
[26]李云霞(2001)：太极拳对老年抗衰老——内分泌代谢的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[27]王晓军(2001)：太极拳对老年人NK细胞及IL-2的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[28][台北]蓝青(2001)：太极拳对中老年人心肺功能之促进维持效果。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[29][香港]贺菊芳(2001)：太极拳改善老年人心肺功能的作用。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[30]冯美云(2001)：二十四式太极拳和陈式太极功对老年人血脂水平和抗氧化能力的影响。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[31][香港]毛德伟(2001)：太极拳的运动学特征。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[32][香港]许云影(2001)：两个月太极拳锻链可获得改善健康老年人平衡能力的效果。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[33]孙绪生(2001)：简化太极拳对肘关节伸肌和屈肌力量和平衡能力的作用。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[34][香港]徐东青(2001)：太极拳对感觉运动系统训练成分的初步分析．引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[35][香港]曾伟男(2001)：太极训练可以改善老年人关节本体感觉。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[36][美国]Steven L Wolf(2001)：太极拳可防止老年人跌倒：最新观点。引自http://www.ck.tp.edu.tw/～cktjc/2001issue/conclusion.htm
[37]金其贯、徐碧君(2000)：Vitamin E对大运动量训练大鼠内皮细胞内分泌功能的影响。《中国运动医学杂志》。3期。
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