胶态分散凝胶的研制及其性能评价研究
|
摘要
油藏的非均质性和不利的油水流度比造成注入水沿高渗透层突进，大大降低了注入水的波及效率，注水井调剖技术是有效的解决手段之一。胶态分散凝胶同时具有调剖和驱油的作用，胶态分散凝胶深部调剖技术是一项新兴的提高采收率技术，该技术对于提高老油田注水开发效率有着重要意义。针对大港油田港东作业区的地质开发特征，本文研制了胶态分散凝胶体系，以NTGU装置和Brookfield粘度计作为评价工具，评价了胶态分散凝胶的性能，并通过扫描电镜和偏光显微镜观察胶态分散凝胶的微观结构。本文通过单岩心线型填砂管、并联岩心填砂管和平面五点井网注采模型进行了胶态分散凝胶调驱实验，结果表明，胶态分散凝胶具有良好的选择性，剖面改善效果好，耐冲刷，封堵高渗透层迫使后续液流改向的功能。胶态分散凝胶深部调剖剂的研制为提高高含水油田的采收率提供了一种新的方法。
Heterogeneity and unfavorable mobility are two key factors to the influence of sweep efficiency, which results in early breakthrough from channel with high permeability and water-cut rapidly increases in producers. Profile modification plays an important role in improving sweep efficiency in water-flooding reservoir. Colloidal Dispersion Gel is a newly developed in-depth profile modification and flooding agent, which can be used in deep profile modification as well as polymer flooding. Focusing on GangDong oil field, we have developed a series of colloidal Dispersion Gels using polyacrylamide with high molecular weight and aluminium citrate. NTGU device and Brookfield viscometer were selected to evaluate the property of colloidal Dispersion Gel. In this paper, the microscope structure of Colloidal Dispersion Gel has been observed through scanning electronic microgrph meter and polarizing microscope. The mechanism of Colloidal Dispersion Gel technology for enhanced oil recovery has been studied by the use of liner model, layer model, and multiple in the experimentation to explore the rule of the flow of Colloidal Dispersion Gel in pores. A conclusion is drawn that Colloidal Dispersion Gel is well selective, the result of improving profile control is exciting, Colloidal Dispersion Gel has good brushability and Colloidal Dispersion Gel can shut the passage of high permeability and compel the flooding liquid to change its direction into low permeability zone.
Heterogeneity and unfavorable mobility are two key factors to the influence of sweep efficiency, which results in early breakthrough from channel with high permeability and water-cut rapidly increases in producers. Profile modification plays an important role in improving sweep efficiency in water-flooding reservoir. Colloidal Dispersion Gel is a newly developed in-depth profile modification and flooding agent, which can be used in deep profile modification as well as polymer flooding. Focusing on GangDong oil field, we have developed a series of colloidal Dispersion Gels using polyacrylamide with high molecular weight and aluminium citrate. NTGU device and Brookfield viscometer were selected to evaluate the property of colloidal Dispersion Gel. In this paper, the microscope structure of Colloidal Dispersion Gel has been observed through scanning electronic microgrph meter and polarizing microscope. The mechanism of Colloidal Dispersion Gel technology for enhanced oil recovery has been studied by the use of liner model, layer model, and multiple in the experimentation to explore the rule of the flow of Colloidal Dispersion Gel in pores. A conclusion is drawn that Colloidal Dispersion Gel is well selective, the result of improving profile control is exciting, Colloidal Dispersion Gel has good brushability and Colloidal Dispersion Gel can shut the passage of high permeability and compel the flooding liquid to change its direction into low permeability zone.
引文
[1] 赵福麟．EOR原理．山东：石油大学出版社，2001．
[2] 中国石油天然气总公司科技发展局．改善高含水期油田注水开发效果实例，北京：石油工业出版社．
[3] 油田区块整体堵水调剖技术论文集编委会油田区块整体堵水调剖技术论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1994．
[4] 王克亮等．改善聚合物驱油技术研究．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．
[5] 冈秦麟．高含水期油田改善水驱效果新技术．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[6] Smith J E. Quantative Evalution of Polyacrylamide Crosslinked Gels for Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Presented at the International ACS Symposium, Anaheim, California, September 1986,9-12.
[7] Smith, J. E., The Transition Pressure: A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacryamide Gel Strength. SPE18739 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 8-10 Feb 1989 pp473-479.
[8] 罗文利等．胶态分散凝胶研究的新进展．油田化学，1999，2(16)：24-28．
[9] 韩大匡等．胶态分散凝胶驱油技术的研究及进展．油田化学，1996，3(13)：48-52．
[10] WANG DE MIN, LIU HENG, NIU JIN GENG, et al-Application Results and Understanding of Several Problems of Industrial Scale Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oil Fielf[C] SPE50928,1998.
[11] Bayoumi N, El-Emam, Kamal O et al. The effect of polymers on the displacement of Nubia crude oil (October field). JCPT, 1997;36(2):42-48.
[12] Barreau P, Lasseueux D, Bertin H. Polymer adsorption effect on relative permeability and capillary pressure:investigation of a pore scale scenario. SPE37303,1997.
[13] Littmann W. Polymer flooding. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo:Elsevier, 1988:3-9.
[14] 王德民，程杰成，杨清彦．粘弹性聚合物溶液能够提高岩心的微观驱油效率．石油学报，2000，21(5)：45-50．
[15] 夏惠芬，王德民，刘中春等．粘弹性聚合物溶液提高微观驱油效率的机理研究．石油学报，2001，22(4)：60-65．
[16] 冈秦麟．化学驱论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1998．
[17] 李宇乡等．我国油田化学堵水调剖剂开发和应用现状．油田化学，1995，17(12)：88-94．
[18] Donaldson E C等．微生物提高石油采收率．北京：石油工业出版社，1995：1-3．
[19] 高学忠，魏明．利用微生物调驱技术提高原油采收率．石油学报，1999，20(5)：54-57．
[20] 向廷生，何正国．微生物提高原油采收率的机理研究．石油勘探与开发，1998，25(4)：53-55．
[21] 王佩华．泡沫堵水调剖技术综述．钻采工艺，2000，23(2)：60-61．
[22] 崔会凯等．大港羊三木油田延缓交联深部调剖技术第九次全国油田堵水技术工作会议论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．
[23] 崔桂陵．缓交联体系．世界石油科学，1992，6(26)：19-22．
[24] Albonico, Paola., et al., Effective Gelation-Delaying Additives for Cr~3/Polymer Gels paper SPE 25221 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry New Orleans. LA. U.S.A Mar 2-5 1993.
[25] Albonico, Paola., et al., New Polymer Gels for Reducing Water Production in High-Temperature Reservoirs paper SPE 27609 presented at European Production Operations Conference and Exhibition Aberdeen. U.K Mar 15-17 1994.
[26] Lockhart, T.P., et al., A New Gelation Technology for In-Depth Placement of Cr~3/Polymer Gels for High-Temperature Reservoirs paper SPE/DOE 24194 presented at the SPE/DOE Eighth Symp on EOR Tulsa Apr 22-24 1992.
[27] Stavland, Arne., et al., Delayed Gelation in Corefloods Using Cr(Ⅲ)-Malonate as a Crosslinker Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 13 1995 pp247-258.
[28] 韦莉等．低浓度可动凝胶结构与渗流特征研究及试注实践．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[29] Mack, J. C., et al., In-Depth Collidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency paper SPE/DOE 27780 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on EOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994.
[30] Terry, R. E., SPEJ 1981(Apr):229-235.
[31] Moradi-Araghi, A., Application of Low-Toxicity Crosslinking Systems in Production of Thermally Stable Gels paper SPE/DOE 27826 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on IOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994.
[32] 刘建山等．聚合物弱凝胶深部调剖技术研究．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[33] 韩大匡等．胶态分散凝胶驱油技术的研究及进展．油田化学，1996，3(13)：50-53．
[34] Ranganathan, A., et el., An Experimental Study of the In-Situ gelation Behavior of a Polyacryamide /Aluminum Citrate "Colloidal Dispersion" Gel in Porous Medium and its Aggregate Growth. SPE37220 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 18-21 Feb 1997 pp103-116.
[35] Smith, J. E., Performance of 18 Polymer in Aluminum Citrate Colloidal Dispersion Gels. SPE28989 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. San Antonio TX 14-17 Feb 1995 pp461-470.
[36] Smith, J. E., The Transition Pressure: A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacryamide Gel Strength. SPE18739 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 8-10 Feb 1989 pp473-479.
[37] Flecther, A.J.P., et el., Deep Diverting Gels for Very Cost Effective Waterflood Control presented at the 6th European IOR Symp in Stavanger Norway 21-23 May 1991.
[38] Fielding, Jr., et el., In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evaluation of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels: An Operational Case History of North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE27773 presented at the SPE/DOE Ninth Symp on IOR. Tulsa Okla. 17-20 Apr 1994 pp433-444.
[39] 韦莉等．低浓度可动凝胶结构与渗流特征研究及试注实践．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[40] 吴肇亮等．CDG体系的深部调剖技术．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[41] 杨怀军．交联聚合物调驱技术探索研究．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[42] 陈铁龙等．交联聚合物的性能及应用．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[43] 李明远等．流动凝胶(CDG)深度调剖．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[44] 陈铁龙等．孔隙阻力因子法评价胶态分散凝胶．油田化学，1998，3(15)：17-20．
[45] 纪淑玲，彭勃等．粘度法研究胶态分散凝胶交联过程．高分子学报，2000(2)：65-68．
[46] Stavland, A., et el., New insight into Aluminum Citrate/Polyacryamide Gels for Fluid Control. SPE/DOE 35381 presented at the 1996 SPE/DOE Tenth Symp on IOR. Tulsa Okla. 21-24 Apr 1996 pp347-356.
[47] Rolfsvag, T. A., et el., Thin Gel treatment of an Oil Producer at the Gullfaks Field: Results and evaluation. SPE 35548 presented at the European Production Operation Conference & Exhibition. Stavanger Norway 16-17 April 1996 pp137-149.
[48] Mack, J. C., et al., In-Depth Collidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency paper SPE/DOE 27780 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on EOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994 .Jones, P. W., et al., Profile Control in Virginia Hills EOR.
[49] 林梅钦等．胶态分散凝胶在多孔介质中的流动阻力．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，4(22)：48-52．
[50] 叶正荣CD胶稳油控水技术的研究及应用．西南石油学院硕士研究生论文，1997．
[51] Smith, J. E., et el., Gels Correct In-Depth Reservoir Permeability Variation Oil & Gas J, 6 Jan 1997 pp33-39.
[52] 罗文利等．胶态分散凝胶研究的新进展．油田化学，1999，2(16)：45-57．
[53] 吴风芝等．聚合物953L与柠檬酸铝交联及其影响因素的研究．油田化学，1988，5(1)：11-17．
[54] 王鉴等．高价金属离子与聚丙烯酰胺的交联机理．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1992，16(3)：32-39．
[55] Fieding R Cet al. In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion using an Evolution of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels-AnOperational Case History of NRR Unit. SPE27773,1994.
[56] 伍家忠，王东海，彭克宗．筛网系数法评价胶态分散凝胶．湖北化工，2001，19(4)：
29-31．
[57] Schramm G著，李晓辉译，朱怀江校．实用流变测量学．北京：石油工业出版社，1998：5-25，72-117．
[58] 陈铁龙，张丽虹，周建民．胶态分散凝胶及其流变、滲流特性研究．油田化学，1998，15(3)：265-268，277．
[59] 蒲万芬等．聚合物溶液在孔隙介质中的蠕变回复和驱油效率．西南石油学院学报，2000，22(5)：62-66．
[2] 中国石油天然气总公司科技发展局．改善高含水期油田注水开发效果实例，北京：石油工业出版社．
[3] 油田区块整体堵水调剖技术论文集编委会油田区块整体堵水调剖技术论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1994．
[4] 王克亮等．改善聚合物驱油技术研究．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．
[5] 冈秦麟．高含水期油田改善水驱效果新技术．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[6] Smith J E. Quantative Evalution of Polyacrylamide Crosslinked Gels for Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Presented at the International ACS Symposium, Anaheim, California, September 1986,9-12.
[7] Smith, J. E., The Transition Pressure: A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacryamide Gel Strength. SPE18739 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 8-10 Feb 1989 pp473-479.
[8] 罗文利等．胶态分散凝胶研究的新进展．油田化学，1999，2(16)：24-28．
[9] 韩大匡等．胶态分散凝胶驱油技术的研究及进展．油田化学，1996，3(13)：48-52．
[10] WANG DE MIN, LIU HENG, NIU JIN GENG, et al-Application Results and Understanding of Several Problems of Industrial Scale Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oil Fielf[C] SPE50928,1998.
[11] Bayoumi N, El-Emam, Kamal O et al. The effect of polymers on the displacement of Nubia crude oil (October field). JCPT, 1997;36(2):42-48.
[12] Barreau P, Lasseueux D, Bertin H. Polymer adsorption effect on relative permeability and capillary pressure:investigation of a pore scale scenario. SPE37303,1997.
[13] Littmann W. Polymer flooding. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo:Elsevier, 1988:3-9.
[14] 王德民，程杰成，杨清彦．粘弹性聚合物溶液能够提高岩心的微观驱油效率．石油学报，2000，21(5)：45-50．
[15] 夏惠芬，王德民，刘中春等．粘弹性聚合物溶液提高微观驱油效率的机理研究．石油学报，2001，22(4)：60-65．
[16] 冈秦麟．化学驱论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1998．
[17] 李宇乡等．我国油田化学堵水调剖剂开发和应用现状．油田化学，1995，17(12)：88-94．
[18] Donaldson E C等．微生物提高石油采收率．北京：石油工业出版社，1995：1-3．
[19] 高学忠，魏明．利用微生物调驱技术提高原油采收率．石油学报，1999，20(5)：54-57．
[20] 向廷生，何正国．微生物提高原油采收率的机理研究．石油勘探与开发，1998，25(4)：53-55．
[21] 王佩华．泡沫堵水调剖技术综述．钻采工艺，2000，23(2)：60-61．
[22] 崔会凯等．大港羊三木油田延缓交联深部调剖技术第九次全国油田堵水技术工作会议论文集．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．
[23] 崔桂陵．缓交联体系．世界石油科学，1992，6(26)：19-22．
[24] Albonico, Paola., et al., Effective Gelation-Delaying Additives for Cr~3/Polymer Gels paper SPE 25221 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry New Orleans. LA. U.S.A Mar 2-5 1993.
[25] Albonico, Paola., et al., New Polymer Gels for Reducing Water Production in High-Temperature Reservoirs paper SPE 27609 presented at European Production Operations Conference and Exhibition Aberdeen. U.K Mar 15-17 1994.
[26] Lockhart, T.P., et al., A New Gelation Technology for In-Depth Placement of Cr~3/Polymer Gels for High-Temperature Reservoirs paper SPE/DOE 24194 presented at the SPE/DOE Eighth Symp on EOR Tulsa Apr 22-24 1992.
[27] Stavland, Arne., et al., Delayed Gelation in Corefloods Using Cr(Ⅲ)-Malonate as a Crosslinker Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 13 1995 pp247-258.
[28] 韦莉等．低浓度可动凝胶结构与渗流特征研究及试注实践．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[29] Mack, J. C., et al., In-Depth Collidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency paper SPE/DOE 27780 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on EOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994.
[30] Terry, R. E., SPEJ 1981(Apr):229-235.
[31] Moradi-Araghi, A., Application of Low-Toxicity Crosslinking Systems in Production of Thermally Stable Gels paper SPE/DOE 27826 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on IOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994.
[32] 刘建山等．聚合物弱凝胶深部调剖技术研究．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[33] 韩大匡等．胶态分散凝胶驱油技术的研究及进展．油田化学，1996，3(13)：50-53．
[34] Ranganathan, A., et el., An Experimental Study of the In-Situ gelation Behavior of a Polyacryamide /Aluminum Citrate "Colloidal Dispersion" Gel in Porous Medium and its Aggregate Growth. SPE37220 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 18-21 Feb 1997 pp103-116.
[35] Smith, J. E., Performance of 18 Polymer in Aluminum Citrate Colloidal Dispersion Gels. SPE28989 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. San Antonio TX 14-17 Feb 1995 pp461-470.
[36] Smith, J. E., The Transition Pressure: A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacryamide Gel Strength. SPE18739 presented at the SPE international Symp on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston TX 8-10 Feb 1989 pp473-479.
[37] Flecther, A.J.P., et el., Deep Diverting Gels for Very Cost Effective Waterflood Control presented at the 6th European IOR Symp in Stavanger Norway 21-23 May 1991.
[38] Fielding, Jr., et el., In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evaluation of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels: An Operational Case History of North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE27773 presented at the SPE/DOE Ninth Symp on IOR. Tulsa Okla. 17-20 Apr 1994 pp433-444.
[39] 韦莉等．低浓度可动凝胶结构与渗流特征研究及试注实践．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[40] 吴肇亮等．CDG体系的深部调剖技术．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[41] 杨怀军．交联聚合物调驱技术探索研究．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[42] 陈铁龙等．交联聚合物的性能及应用．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[43] 李明远等．流动凝胶(CDG)深度调剖．交联聚合物调驱提高采收率技术研讨会．北京：1998．
[44] 陈铁龙等．孔隙阻力因子法评价胶态分散凝胶．油田化学，1998，3(15)：17-20．
[45] 纪淑玲，彭勃等．粘度法研究胶态分散凝胶交联过程．高分子学报，2000(2)：65-68．
[46] Stavland, A., et el., New insight into Aluminum Citrate/Polyacryamide Gels for Fluid Control. SPE/DOE 35381 presented at the 1996 SPE/DOE Tenth Symp on IOR. Tulsa Okla. 21-24 Apr 1996 pp347-356.
[47] Rolfsvag, T. A., et el., Thin Gel treatment of an Oil Producer at the Gullfaks Field: Results and evaluation. SPE 35548 presented at the European Production Operation Conference & Exhibition. Stavanger Norway 16-17 April 1996 pp137-149.
[48] Mack, J. C., et al., In-Depth Collidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency paper SPE/DOE 27780 presented at the SPE/DOE nineth Symp on EOR Tulsa. Okla. U.S.A Apr 17-20 1994 .Jones, P. W., et al., Profile Control in Virginia Hills EOR.
[49] 林梅钦等．胶态分散凝胶在多孔介质中的流动阻力．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，4(22)：48-52．
[50] 叶正荣CD胶稳油控水技术的研究及应用．西南石油学院硕士研究生论文，1997．
[51] Smith, J. E., et el., Gels Correct In-Depth Reservoir Permeability Variation Oil & Gas J, 6 Jan 1997 pp33-39.
[52] 罗文利等．胶态分散凝胶研究的新进展．油田化学，1999，2(16)：45-57．
[53] 吴风芝等．聚合物953L与柠檬酸铝交联及其影响因素的研究．油田化学，1988，5(1)：11-17．
[54] 王鉴等．高价金属离子与聚丙烯酰胺的交联机理．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1992，16(3)：32-39．
[55] Fieding R Cet al. In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion using an Evolution of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels-AnOperational Case History of NRR Unit. SPE27773,1994.
[56] 伍家忠，王东海，彭克宗．筛网系数法评价胶态分散凝胶．湖北化工，2001，19(4)：
29-31．
[57] Schramm G著，李晓辉译，朱怀江校．实用流变测量学．北京：石油工业出版社，1998：5-25，72-117．
[58] 陈铁龙，张丽虹，周建民．胶态分散凝胶及其流变、滲流特性研究．油田化学，1998，15(3)：265-268，277．
[59] 蒲万芬等．聚合物溶液在孔隙介质中的蠕变回复和驱油效率．西南石油学院学报，2000，22(5)：62-66．