中国高科技企业信任文化多角度研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和竞争国际化趋势的加剧,高科技企业人力资源配置的理念和方式也发生了相应地变革。本文分析了全球化背景下中国高科技企业发展的趋势。一方面中国高科技企业实行全球化人才战略会促进企业的创新和发展,但也会产生来自不同国家的员工之间文化冲突,导致员工对企业的不信任。而在全球化过程中,中国文化与其他国家文化也进一步交融、碰撞、冲突；在多种文化存在巨大的共同利益的情况下,应正确认识和理解引起员工信任的知觉性因素,发挥人力资源管理作用,正确对待文化差异,促进文化融合;加强跨文化培训,培养跨文化人才;推行人力资源本地化战略;提高管理人员的国际化水平,从而正确了解认知多国文化差异,建立高科技企业信任文化,实现企业和员工共同发展。
With the economic trends of globalization and international competition intensifies, human resources philosophy and method of Chinese high-tech enterprises have also undergone a corresponding change. This paper analyzes the context of globalization trends in the development of high-tech enterprises in China, and argue that global talent strategies can promote innovation and enterprise development of Chinese high-tech enterprises. But it also produce cultural conflicts between employees from different countries, and leading mistrust of staff to the enterprise. In the process of globalization, Chinese culture and other country's culture are in further blending, collision, conflict. When different cultures under common interests, factors influncing employee's perceptions of trust should be understanded, and human resource management play the role of a correct attitude toward cultural differences and promote cultural integration; strengthen cross-cultural training, intercultural training personnel; implement the localization strategy of human resources; improve the management staff of the international level, to correctly understand the cognitive multi-national cultural differences, build trust in high-tech enterprises culture, and achieve common development.
With the economic trends of globalization and international competition intensifies, human resources philosophy and method of Chinese high-tech enterprises have also undergone a corresponding change. This paper analyzes the context of globalization trends in the development of high-tech enterprises in China, and argue that global talent strategies can promote innovation and enterprise development of Chinese high-tech enterprises. But it also produce cultural conflicts between employees from different countries, and leading mistrust of staff to the enterprise. In the process of globalization, Chinese culture and other country's culture are in further blending, collision, conflict. When different cultures under common interests, factors influncing employee's perceptions of trust should be understanded, and human resource management play the role of a correct attitude toward cultural differences and promote cultural integration; strengthen cross-cultural training, intercultural training personnel; implement the localization strategy of human resources; improve the management staff of the international level, to correctly understand the cognitive multi-national cultural differences, build trust in high-tech enterprises culture, and achieve common development.
引文
Abdullah Yilmaz. A Theoretical Analyze on the Concept of Trust in Organisational Life. [J]European Journal of Social Sciences,2009(8)
Bartol K M, Sirvastava A. Encouraging Knowledge Sharing:The Role of Organizational Reward Systems [J]. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies,2002(9):64-77
Bartolome, F. Nobody trusts the boss completely:Now what? [J] Harvard Business Review,1989 (66): 135-142
Blomqvist K.& Levy J. Collaboration Capability-A Focal Concept in Collaborative Knowledge Creation And Innovation in Networks.[J] International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy,2006(2):31-48
Brockner, J. B. and E. H. James. Toward an understanding of when executive see crisis as opportunity [J] Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,2008(44),94-115
Bromiley P, Larry L. Transaction Costs in Organizations with Trust [C]//Bies R, Lewicki R,
Sheppard B. Research on Negotiation in Organizations. Greenwich, CT:JAI Press,1996:219-247
Braun C. Organizational Infidelity:How Violations of Trust Affect the Employee-Employer
Relationship [J]. Academy of Management Executive,1997(11):94-95
Burke, C. S., Sims, D.E., Lazzara E.H.; Salas, E. Trust in leadership:A multi-level review and integration. [J] The Leadership Quarterly,2007(18):606-632
Carnevale D. G., B.A. Wechsler. Trust In The Public Sector [J] Administration and Society,1992 (23): 471-494
Charles O'Reilly. Corporations. Culture, and Commitment:Motivation and Social Control in Organizations. [J] Managing Human Resources.1989:9-25.
Chowdhury S. The Role of Affect-and Cognition-based Trust in Complex Knowledge Sharing [J]. Journal of Managerial Issues,2005(17):310-326
Christian Bjornskov. Determinants of generalized trust:A cross-country comparison [J] Public Choice. 2007(130):1-21
Dennis S. Reina and Michelle L. Reina. Building Sustainable Trust [J] Od Practitioner,2007(39) 36-41
Erika Hayes James. In the wake of the financial crisis:rebuilding the image of the finance industry through trust [J] Journal of Financial Transformation,2009 (27):37-41
Herzog, V. L. Trust Building on Corporative Collaborative Project Teams [J] Project Management Journal,2001 (32):28-37
Hewstone, M. Causal Attribution:From Cognitive Processes to Collective Beliefs. [A] Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell,1989:61
Helfand, G. Reduction In Force (RIF). [A] In J. Shafritz (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration, ed. J. Shafritz, Boulder, CO:Westview.1998:1918-1919
Holzer, M. Workforce reduction and productivity. [J] Public Administration Quarterly,1986(10):86-99 Inglehart R.. Trust, well-being and democracy![C]. In:WarrenM (ed) Democracy and trust. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.1999.
Jones G R, George J M. The Experience and Evolution of Trust:Implications for Cooperation and Team Work [J]. Academy of Management Review,1998(23):531-546
Leigh Branham. The 7 Hidden Reasons Employees Leave-Summary. Soundview Executive Book Summaries,2005(27)
Lin, C. To Share or Not to Share:Modeling Tacit Knowledge Sharing, Its Mediators and Antecedents[J] Journal of Business Ethics 2007(70):411-428
Mayer C. R., H.J. Davis. An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust [J] The Academy of Management Review,1995 (20):709-734
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J., and Schoorman, F. D. An integrative model of organizational trust[J] Academy of Management Review 1995(20):709-34
Marshall R S, Nguyen T V, Bryant S E. A Dynamic Model of Trust Development and Knowledge
Sharing in Strategic Alliances [J]. Journal of General Management,2005(31):41-57
Mesquita, L. F. Starting over when the bickering never ends:Rebuilding aggregate trust among
clustered firms through trust facilitators[J] Academy of Management Review,2007 (32):72--91
Mishra, J. Organizational responses to crisis:The centrality of trust. [A] In Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research, ed. R. M. Kramer and T. R. Tyler, Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.1996: 261-287
Nitin Nohria, Boris Groysberg, and Linda-Eling Lee. Employee Motivation:A Powerful New Model [J] Harvard Business Review,2008 (86):78-84
Renzl B. Trust in Management and Knowledge Sharing:The Mediating Effects of Fear and Knowledge Documentation [J] Omega,2008 (36):206-220
Robert F. Hurley, The Decision to Trust [J] Harvard Business Review September 2006(84):55
Robinson S L, Morrison E W. The Development of Psychological Contract Breach and Violation:A Longitudinal Study [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2000(21):525—546
Ross, L. D. Intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings:Distortions in the attribution process. [J] Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1977(10):173-220
Savolainen, T. Organizational Trust and Leadership as Driving Forces for Innovativeness. [J] International Conference on ISO9000 & TQM,2008:24-26
Senge P. Sharing Knowledge:The Leader's Role Is Key to a Learning Culture[J]. Executive Excellence,1997(14):17-18
Seok-Hwan Lee. The Effect of Employee Trust and Commitment on Innovative Behavior in the Public Sector:An Empirical Study. [J] International Review of Public Administration,2008(13)
Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust:Past. Present and Future [J] Academy of Management Review 2007(32):344-354
Serva, M. A., Fuller, M. A., amd Mayer, R. C The reciprocal nature of trust:A longitudinal study of interacting teams. [J] Journal of Organizational Behavior 2005. (26):625-649
Sharkie R. Precariousness under the New Psychological Contract:The Effect on Trust and the Willingness to Converse and Share Knowledge[J]. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,2005(3):37-44
Tarhan Feyzioglu. Global Economic Trends[EB/OL]. http://www.cmforum.org.cn/english/May 24, 2008
U slaner E, M. The moral foundations of trust!. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.2002.
Usoro A, Sharratt M W, Tsui E, Shekhar S. Trust as an Antecedent to Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practice [J]. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,2007 (5):199—212
Volken, T. Elements of Trust:The Cultural Dimension of Internet Diffusion Revisited [J] Electronic Journal of Sociology,2002 (6),1-16
Whitener E. M., S.E. Brodt, J.M. Werner. Managers as Initiators of Trust:An Exchange Relationship
Framework For Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior [J] Academy of Management Review,1998(23):513-530
Williams M. Building Genuine Trust through Interpersonal Emotion Management:A Threat Regulation Model of Trust and Collaboration across Boundaries [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007(32):595-621
Zahra S, Yavuz I, Ucbasaran D. How much do you trust me? The dark side of relational trust in new business creation in established companies. [J] Entrep Theory Pract,2006(30):541-59
季建霞, 金雪飞中国传统社会的信任模式探时[J] 创新·2010年第3期P21-24
JI Jianxia. JIN Xue-fei. On the Trust Pattern of Chinese Traditional Social [J] Innovation,2010(3): 21-24
吴辰 从 《洛桑年鉴》看中国科技的国际竞争力[EB/OL].http://www.sts.org.cn/fxyj/zcfx/documents/lsnj.htm2005年8月22日
Wu Chen. From "World Competitiveness Yearbook" See China Technology Competency [EB/OL]. http://www.sts.org.cn/fxyj/zcfx/documents/lsnj.htm August 22,2005
杨思帆 组织信任文化研究综述[J]四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)第24卷第4期 2009年8月 132-136
Yang Sifan. An Oveniew on Organizational Trust Culture [J] Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering (Social Sciences Edition),2009(24):132-136
孙强 吴振信 贠立艳 高新技术企业特点及发展的影响因素分析[J] 中国高新技术企业 2007年01期2007年1月
Sun Oiang, Wu Zhenxin, Fu Liyan. The Characteristics of f High-tech Enterprise and influenced factors on development [J]. China High-tech Enterprise,2007(1)
Bartol K M, Sirvastava A. Encouraging Knowledge Sharing:The Role of Organizational Reward Systems [J]. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies,2002(9):64-77
Bartolome, F. Nobody trusts the boss completely:Now what? [J] Harvard Business Review,1989 (66): 135-142
Blomqvist K.& Levy J. Collaboration Capability-A Focal Concept in Collaborative Knowledge Creation And Innovation in Networks.[J] International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy,2006(2):31-48
Brockner, J. B. and E. H. James. Toward an understanding of when executive see crisis as opportunity [J] Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,2008(44),94-115
Bromiley P, Larry L. Transaction Costs in Organizations with Trust [C]//Bies R, Lewicki R,
Sheppard B. Research on Negotiation in Organizations. Greenwich, CT:JAI Press,1996:219-247
Braun C. Organizational Infidelity:How Violations of Trust Affect the Employee-Employer
Relationship [J]. Academy of Management Executive,1997(11):94-95
Burke, C. S., Sims, D.E., Lazzara E.H.; Salas, E. Trust in leadership:A multi-level review and integration. [J] The Leadership Quarterly,2007(18):606-632
Carnevale D. G., B.A. Wechsler. Trust In The Public Sector [J] Administration and Society,1992 (23): 471-494
Charles O'Reilly. Corporations. Culture, and Commitment:Motivation and Social Control in Organizations. [J] Managing Human Resources.1989:9-25.
Chowdhury S. The Role of Affect-and Cognition-based Trust in Complex Knowledge Sharing [J]. Journal of Managerial Issues,2005(17):310-326
Christian Bjornskov. Determinants of generalized trust:A cross-country comparison [J] Public Choice. 2007(130):1-21
Dennis S. Reina and Michelle L. Reina. Building Sustainable Trust [J] Od Practitioner,2007(39) 36-41
Erika Hayes James. In the wake of the financial crisis:rebuilding the image of the finance industry through trust [J] Journal of Financial Transformation,2009 (27):37-41
Herzog, V. L. Trust Building on Corporative Collaborative Project Teams [J] Project Management Journal,2001 (32):28-37
Hewstone, M. Causal Attribution:From Cognitive Processes to Collective Beliefs. [A] Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell,1989:61
Helfand, G. Reduction In Force (RIF). [A] In J. Shafritz (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration, ed. J. Shafritz, Boulder, CO:Westview.1998:1918-1919
Holzer, M. Workforce reduction and productivity. [J] Public Administration Quarterly,1986(10):86-99 Inglehart R.. Trust, well-being and democracy![C]. In:WarrenM (ed) Democracy and trust. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.1999.
Jones G R, George J M. The Experience and Evolution of Trust:Implications for Cooperation and Team Work [J]. Academy of Management Review,1998(23):531-546
Leigh Branham. The 7 Hidden Reasons Employees Leave-Summary. Soundview Executive Book Summaries,2005(27)
Lin, C. To Share or Not to Share:Modeling Tacit Knowledge Sharing, Its Mediators and Antecedents[J] Journal of Business Ethics 2007(70):411-428
Mayer C. R., H.J. Davis. An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust [J] The Academy of Management Review,1995 (20):709-734
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J., and Schoorman, F. D. An integrative model of organizational trust[J] Academy of Management Review 1995(20):709-34
Marshall R S, Nguyen T V, Bryant S E. A Dynamic Model of Trust Development and Knowledge
Sharing in Strategic Alliances [J]. Journal of General Management,2005(31):41-57
Mesquita, L. F. Starting over when the bickering never ends:Rebuilding aggregate trust among
clustered firms through trust facilitators[J] Academy of Management Review,2007 (32):72--91
Mishra, J. Organizational responses to crisis:The centrality of trust. [A] In Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research, ed. R. M. Kramer and T. R. Tyler, Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.1996: 261-287
Nitin Nohria, Boris Groysberg, and Linda-Eling Lee. Employee Motivation:A Powerful New Model [J] Harvard Business Review,2008 (86):78-84
Renzl B. Trust in Management and Knowledge Sharing:The Mediating Effects of Fear and Knowledge Documentation [J] Omega,2008 (36):206-220
Robert F. Hurley, The Decision to Trust [J] Harvard Business Review September 2006(84):55
Robinson S L, Morrison E W. The Development of Psychological Contract Breach and Violation:A Longitudinal Study [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2000(21):525—546
Ross, L. D. Intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings:Distortions in the attribution process. [J] Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1977(10):173-220
Savolainen, T. Organizational Trust and Leadership as Driving Forces for Innovativeness. [J] International Conference on ISO9000 & TQM,2008:24-26
Senge P. Sharing Knowledge:The Leader's Role Is Key to a Learning Culture[J]. Executive Excellence,1997(14):17-18
Seok-Hwan Lee. The Effect of Employee Trust and Commitment on Innovative Behavior in the Public Sector:An Empirical Study. [J] International Review of Public Administration,2008(13)
Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust:Past. Present and Future [J] Academy of Management Review 2007(32):344-354
Serva, M. A., Fuller, M. A., amd Mayer, R. C The reciprocal nature of trust:A longitudinal study of interacting teams. [J] Journal of Organizational Behavior 2005. (26):625-649
Sharkie R. Precariousness under the New Psychological Contract:The Effect on Trust and the Willingness to Converse and Share Knowledge[J]. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,2005(3):37-44
Tarhan Feyzioglu. Global Economic Trends[EB/OL]. http://www.cmforum.org.cn/english/May 24, 2008
U slaner E, M. The moral foundations of trust!. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.2002.
Usoro A, Sharratt M W, Tsui E, Shekhar S. Trust as an Antecedent to Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practice [J]. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,2007 (5):199—212
Volken, T. Elements of Trust:The Cultural Dimension of Internet Diffusion Revisited [J] Electronic Journal of Sociology,2002 (6),1-16
Whitener E. M., S.E. Brodt, J.M. Werner. Managers as Initiators of Trust:An Exchange Relationship
Framework For Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior [J] Academy of Management Review,1998(23):513-530
Williams M. Building Genuine Trust through Interpersonal Emotion Management:A Threat Regulation Model of Trust and Collaboration across Boundaries [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007(32):595-621
Zahra S, Yavuz I, Ucbasaran D. How much do you trust me? The dark side of relational trust in new business creation in established companies. [J] Entrep Theory Pract,2006(30):541-59
季建霞, 金雪飞中国传统社会的信任模式探时[J] 创新·2010年第3期P21-24
JI Jianxia. JIN Xue-fei. On the Trust Pattern of Chinese Traditional Social [J] Innovation,2010(3): 21-24
吴辰 从 《洛桑年鉴》看中国科技的国际竞争力[EB/OL].http://www.sts.org.cn/fxyj/zcfx/documents/lsnj.htm2005年8月22日
Wu Chen. From "World Competitiveness Yearbook" See China Technology Competency [EB/OL]. http://www.sts.org.cn/fxyj/zcfx/documents/lsnj.htm August 22,2005
杨思帆 组织信任文化研究综述[J]四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)第24卷第4期 2009年8月 132-136
Yang Sifan. An Oveniew on Organizational Trust Culture [J] Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering (Social Sciences Edition),2009(24):132-136
孙强 吴振信 贠立艳 高新技术企业特点及发展的影响因素分析[J] 中国高新技术企业 2007年01期2007年1月
Sun Oiang, Wu Zhenxin, Fu Liyan. The Characteristics of f High-tech Enterprise and influenced factors on development [J]. China High-tech Enterprise,2007(1)