输送天然气水合物的管道及双流道提升泵流场分析
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摘要
众所周知,能源早已成了当代社会发展的基石。传统能源的日益枯竭,迫使人类不得不寻找更高效、更清洁的替代能源,天然气水合物是目前为止人类找到的、最具应用前景的替代能源、清洁能源。
天然气水合物主要储藏在海底,覆盖层较浅,使用固态开采法开采天然气水合物是比较合理的。在固态开采方案中,通过水力输送技术将水合物颗粒输送至海面是最为关键的部分。在深海采矿领域,颗粒物质的水力输送问题是一个尚未得到有效解决的重要课题。因此本文选择对天然气水合物输送系统的输送管道和双流道泵的流场进行分析,以找到天然气水合物最佳的输送系统。
本文根据两相流理论和管道输送理论,对其输送系统进行水力分析,得到了输送系统相关参数的表达式,在多种工况下详细验证水合物水力输送1000m系统和4000m系统的可行性。根据深海采矿应用环境,对提升泵进行研究,选择双流道泵作为天然气水合物输送系统的提升泵。然后,利用FLUENT软件对1000m系统输送管道和双流道提升泵内的固液两相流动进行了数值模拟。最后,通过相似试验验证本文数值模拟方法及结果的正确性。本文通过上述研究得到的主要研究成果如下：(1)在水深4000米以内,采用水力输送技术将天然气水合物颗粒输送至海面完全是可行的；在五种工况下,提升泵扬程最高要求为145m。(2)水合物在粒径小、密度小和中等体积浓度的情况下,最有利于水力输送。(3)双流道提升泵扬程-流量曲线陡,能够适应深海采矿环境；泵内颗粒分布规律与颗粒密度关系较为密切,为防止过度磨损,应根据密度大小对该泵进行优化。
本文的研究可以为海底天然气水合物固态开采方案的进一步深入研究建立基础,也为深海采矿水力输送系统的优化提供理论依据。
Energy has already become the cornerstone of contemporary social development. As the traditional energy exhausting, humans have been forced to find more efficient and cleaner alternative energy. Gas hydrates is the alternative energy and clean energy, being of the most application prospect, human have found.
Traditional mining methods are difficult to exploit undersea gas hydrate stored in shallow layer, because those methods can not build a close environment. Under this backgrand, and based on deep-sea mining technology and the cutter suction dredger technology. A new and more feasible solid-state mining program was proposed in this paper. In this program, transporting the hydrate mineral grains to the sea level is the most crucial part. Although there are a large number of research results on the hydraulic transport of solid grains, these results have considerable limitations. So, in order to find better gas hydrate transport parameters and transport equipments, this paper chose to research on hydraulic transport of hydrate.
Based on the characteristics of seabed hydrates, this paper proposed a new solid-state mining plan and demonstrated its feasibility. And according to hydraulic transport theory, hydraulic analysises of the transportation system were made, and system parameters expression was given in this paper. Latter, designed five kinds of transportation programs and respectively verified the feasibility of those methods in hydraulic transportation system which works in 1000m and 4000m deep form sea surface. According to the application environment of lift pump, studied on the lift pump. Then, used the mixture module and RNGκ-εturbulence model of Fluent software to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase flow in transportation system. Finally, through experiments, the numerical simulation methods and results were verified. The main research results obtained in this study are as follows:(1)Less than 4,000 meters, using hydraulic transmission technology to transport natural gas hydrate particles to the surface is entirely feasible; In the five working conditions, the highest head of lift pump is 236m.(2)Decreasing density and particle size and increasing its volume fraction are conducive to raising the transmission efficiency of hydrate.(3)Double channel lift pump can adapt to the environment of deep-sea mining, but the overflow area of scroll should be enhanced cause its high intensity transportation working condition.
This paper made a foundation for solid-state mining program further study, and provided a theoretical basis to the selection and optimization of deep-sea mining transportation equipment
天然气水合物主要储藏在海底,覆盖层较浅,使用固态开采法开采天然气水合物是比较合理的。在固态开采方案中,通过水力输送技术将水合物颗粒输送至海面是最为关键的部分。在深海采矿领域,颗粒物质的水力输送问题是一个尚未得到有效解决的重要课题。因此本文选择对天然气水合物输送系统的输送管道和双流道泵的流场进行分析,以找到天然气水合物最佳的输送系统。
本文根据两相流理论和管道输送理论,对其输送系统进行水力分析,得到了输送系统相关参数的表达式,在多种工况下详细验证水合物水力输送1000m系统和4000m系统的可行性。根据深海采矿应用环境,对提升泵进行研究,选择双流道泵作为天然气水合物输送系统的提升泵。然后,利用FLUENT软件对1000m系统输送管道和双流道提升泵内的固液两相流动进行了数值模拟。最后,通过相似试验验证本文数值模拟方法及结果的正确性。本文通过上述研究得到的主要研究成果如下：(1)在水深4000米以内,采用水力输送技术将天然气水合物颗粒输送至海面完全是可行的；在五种工况下,提升泵扬程最高要求为145m。(2)水合物在粒径小、密度小和中等体积浓度的情况下,最有利于水力输送。(3)双流道提升泵扬程-流量曲线陡,能够适应深海采矿环境；泵内颗粒分布规律与颗粒密度关系较为密切,为防止过度磨损,应根据密度大小对该泵进行优化。
本文的研究可以为海底天然气水合物固态开采方案的进一步深入研究建立基础,也为深海采矿水力输送系统的优化提供理论依据。
Energy has already become the cornerstone of contemporary social development. As the traditional energy exhausting, humans have been forced to find more efficient and cleaner alternative energy. Gas hydrates is the alternative energy and clean energy, being of the most application prospect, human have found.
Traditional mining methods are difficult to exploit undersea gas hydrate stored in shallow layer, because those methods can not build a close environment. Under this backgrand, and based on deep-sea mining technology and the cutter suction dredger technology. A new and more feasible solid-state mining program was proposed in this paper. In this program, transporting the hydrate mineral grains to the sea level is the most crucial part. Although there are a large number of research results on the hydraulic transport of solid grains, these results have considerable limitations. So, in order to find better gas hydrate transport parameters and transport equipments, this paper chose to research on hydraulic transport of hydrate.
Based on the characteristics of seabed hydrates, this paper proposed a new solid-state mining plan and demonstrated its feasibility. And according to hydraulic transport theory, hydraulic analysises of the transportation system were made, and system parameters expression was given in this paper. Latter, designed five kinds of transportation programs and respectively verified the feasibility of those methods in hydraulic transportation system which works in 1000m and 4000m deep form sea surface. According to the application environment of lift pump, studied on the lift pump. Then, used the mixture module and RNGκ-εturbulence model of Fluent software to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase flow in transportation system. Finally, through experiments, the numerical simulation methods and results were verified. The main research results obtained in this study are as follows:(1)Less than 4,000 meters, using hydraulic transmission technology to transport natural gas hydrate particles to the surface is entirely feasible; In the five working conditions, the highest head of lift pump is 236m.(2)Decreasing density and particle size and increasing its volume fraction are conducive to raising the transmission efficiency of hydrate.(3)Double channel lift pump can adapt to the environment of deep-sea mining, but the overflow area of scroll should be enhanced cause its high intensity transportation working condition.
This paper made a foundation for solid-state mining program further study, and provided a theoretical basis to the selection and optimization of deep-sea mining transportation equipment
引文
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[4]Gomitz V.Fung I. Potential distribution of methane hyderates in the world's oceans[J]. Global Biogeochemieal Cycles,1994,8:335-347.
[5]Lee H,Seo Y T.Recovering methane from solid methane hydrate with carbon dioxide[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2003,42(41):5048-5051.
[6]Sloan.E.D.Natural gas hydrates[J].Journal Petroleum Technology,1991,43(12):1 414-1417.
[7]金庆焕,张光学,杨木壮等.天然气水合物资源概论[M]北京：科学出版社,2006.2-3.
[8]Rach,Nina M.Japan undertakes ambitious hydrate drilling program[J].Oil and Gas Journal,2004,102(6):37-39.
[9]Islam.M.R. A new recovery technique for gas production from Alaskan gas hydrates[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,1994,11(4):267-281.
[10]M.H.Yousif,E.D.Sloan.Experimental investigation of hydrate formation and dissociation in consolidated porous media. SPE 20172,1991.
[11]胡奥林.天然气水合物资源勘探开发现状[J].石油与天然气化工,1995,24(2)：101-106.
[12]史斗,郑军卫.世界天然气水合物研究开发现状和前景[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4)：330-339.
[13]Ohgaki K,Takano K,Sangawe T H,et al.Methane expoitationby carbon dioxide from gas hydrates:Phase equilibria for CO2-CH4 mixed hydrate system[J]. J.Chem.Eng.Japan,1996,29(3):478-483.
[14]周怀阳,彭晓彤.天然气水合物勘探开采研究进展[J].地质与勘探,2001,18(1)：50-54.
[15]Collett T S.Natural gas hydrates of the Prudhoe Bay and Kupruk River area, North Slope, Alaska [J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(5):793-812.
[16]周怀阳,彭晓彤,叶瑛.天然气水合物勘探开发技术研究进展[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(1)：70-73.
[17]张志杰,于兴河,郑秀娟等.天然气水合物的开采技术及应用[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4)：128-130.
[18]吴传芝,赵克斌,孙长青等.天然气水合物开采研究现状[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1)：47-51.
[19]杨帆,李治平,李庚等.天然气水合物的研究现状与展望[J].资源与产业,2007,4(2),98-100.
[20]别沁,郑云萍,蒋宏业.天然气水合物研究的最新进展[J].油气储运,2007,26(3),1-4.
[21]唐良广,冯自平,李小森等.海洋渗漏型天然气水合物开采的新模式[J].新能源及工艺,2006,11(3),15-18.
[22]Bath A R. Deep sea mining technology:recent developments and future projects. Offshore Technology Conterence, 1989.
[23]Herrouin G. Manganese nodule industrial venture world be profitable:Summary of 4-year study in France.OTC5997,1989:321-332.
[24]肖林京.深海采矿扬矿管运动学和动力学特性研究[D].北京：北京科技大学,2000.
[25]Jin S Chung, K Lee. Effects of particle size and concentration on pressure gradient in two-phase vertically upward transport. The proceedings of the fourth(2001) ISOPE ocean mining sympsium, Szczecin, Poland,2001.
[26]文先保.海洋开采[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1996.185-210.
[27]邓祥吉.管道输沙阻力特性研究[D].南京：河海大学,2005,3-8.
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