北方地区日光温室生态动力学研究
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摘要
节能型日光温室是目前我国设施农业生产的主力，在我国北方反季节蔬菜的生产中起着重要的作用。如何最大限度地降低能耗、提高效率一直是温室生产面临的首要问题。
本文在总结和吸收国内外研究成果的基础上，根据北方地区的气候特点和日光温室内作物的生态特性，应用农业生态学和动力学的计算数学与统计数学相结合方法，解决分析被动式日光温室小气候环境问题，将日光温室环境参数与影响因子建立合理的关联，构建了适用于北方日光温室内的太阳辐射动力学模型、空气温度动力学模型和空气湿度动力学模型，用来预测每日室内太阳辐射通量、空气温度和空气湿度环境参数随时间变化的趋势，得出日光温室能量平衡与环境因素关系式，综合研究各因素对于日光温室热环境的影响，分析日光温室热量损失原因，从而为温室设计及冬季节能生产提供决策建议。
本文通过对日光温室的室内外太阳辐射，室内外空气温度、湿度，墙体内外表面温度、热流密度，后坡面内表面温度、热流密度，土壤不同深度温度、热流密度等环境要素的连续观测，得出大量实验数据，并通过这些实验数据对模型进行了模拟检验，结果表明模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性，模型具有较高的预测精度，判定系数超过0.85，相对误差平均值低于15%。此外，还利用观测的数据分析了供试日光温室的光温性能特性。
本文还通过对日光温室不同时间有效积温的估算，构建了日光温室的有效积温模型。该模型有效地预测了植物生育期，对合理安排日光温室内蔬菜种植品种和种植时间将起到重要的指导作用。
Energy-saving solar greenhouse is the main force of facilities-agricultureproduction in China. And it plays an important role in off-season vegetable productionin northern China. It is the most important issue that how to minimize energyconsumption and increase efficiency for greenhouse production.
This paper summarized and absorbed domestic and foreign research results.According to climate characteristics and ecological characteristics of crops ingreenhouse in northern region, microclimate environmental issues in sunlightgreenhouse have been analyzed in passive situation, and a reasonable correlationbetween environmental parameters and influence factors in sunlight greenhouse hasbeen established by using combination method of Computational Mathematics andStatistics Mathematics about agricultural ecology and dynamics. The solar radiationdynamics prediction model, air temperature and air humidity prediction model havebeen build which is suitable for northern region. These models can predict the trendsof daily environment parameters such as solar radiation fluxes, air temperature and airhumidity in greenhouse with time changing. The relationship between greenhouseenergy balance and environmental factors was gotten. A comprehensive study of thefactors’ impact on greenhouse thermal environment was carried out. The reasons forgreenhouse heat loss were analyzed. Thereby recommendations for greenhouse designand energy saving production in winter will be provided.
The Environmental factors such as inside and outside solar radiation, inside andoutside air temperature and humidity, inside and outside wall surface temperature andheat fluxes, inner surface temperature and heat flux of the back slope, and soiltemperature at different depths and heat fluxes were observed continuously. Thesimulated test on the models by a large number of experimental data was carried out.The results show that the accuracy of simulation results and trends are in goodagreement. The prediction accuracy of model is high. The coefficient of determinationis more than0.85, and the average value of relative error is less than15%. The lightand temperature performance characteristics of greenhouse were analyzed by usingobservational data.
By estimating effective accumulated temperature of greenhouse at different times,the model of the effective accumulated temperature has been built in sunlightgreenhouse. This model can effectively predict the growth period of plant, and willplay an important guiding role in reasonable arrangements for vegetable plantvarieties and planting times in solar greenhouse.
本文在总结和吸收国内外研究成果的基础上，根据北方地区的气候特点和日光温室内作物的生态特性，应用农业生态学和动力学的计算数学与统计数学相结合方法，解决分析被动式日光温室小气候环境问题，将日光温室环境参数与影响因子建立合理的关联，构建了适用于北方日光温室内的太阳辐射动力学模型、空气温度动力学模型和空气湿度动力学模型，用来预测每日室内太阳辐射通量、空气温度和空气湿度环境参数随时间变化的趋势，得出日光温室能量平衡与环境因素关系式，综合研究各因素对于日光温室热环境的影响，分析日光温室热量损失原因，从而为温室设计及冬季节能生产提供决策建议。
本文通过对日光温室的室内外太阳辐射，室内外空气温度、湿度，墙体内外表面温度、热流密度，后坡面内表面温度、热流密度，土壤不同深度温度、热流密度等环境要素的连续观测，得出大量实验数据，并通过这些实验数据对模型进行了模拟检验，结果表明模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性，模型具有较高的预测精度，判定系数超过0.85，相对误差平均值低于15%。此外，还利用观测的数据分析了供试日光温室的光温性能特性。
本文还通过对日光温室不同时间有效积温的估算，构建了日光温室的有效积温模型。该模型有效地预测了植物生育期，对合理安排日光温室内蔬菜种植品种和种植时间将起到重要的指导作用。
Energy-saving solar greenhouse is the main force of facilities-agricultureproduction in China. And it plays an important role in off-season vegetable productionin northern China. It is the most important issue that how to minimize energyconsumption and increase efficiency for greenhouse production.
This paper summarized and absorbed domestic and foreign research results.According to climate characteristics and ecological characteristics of crops ingreenhouse in northern region, microclimate environmental issues in sunlightgreenhouse have been analyzed in passive situation, and a reasonable correlationbetween environmental parameters and influence factors in sunlight greenhouse hasbeen established by using combination method of Computational Mathematics andStatistics Mathematics about agricultural ecology and dynamics. The solar radiationdynamics prediction model, air temperature and air humidity prediction model havebeen build which is suitable for northern region. These models can predict the trendsof daily environment parameters such as solar radiation fluxes, air temperature and airhumidity in greenhouse with time changing. The relationship between greenhouseenergy balance and environmental factors was gotten. A comprehensive study of thefactors’ impact on greenhouse thermal environment was carried out. The reasons forgreenhouse heat loss were analyzed. Thereby recommendations for greenhouse designand energy saving production in winter will be provided.
The Environmental factors such as inside and outside solar radiation, inside andoutside air temperature and humidity, inside and outside wall surface temperature andheat fluxes, inner surface temperature and heat flux of the back slope, and soiltemperature at different depths and heat fluxes were observed continuously. Thesimulated test on the models by a large number of experimental data was carried out.The results show that the accuracy of simulation results and trends are in goodagreement. The prediction accuracy of model is high. The coefficient of determinationis more than0.85, and the average value of relative error is less than15%. The lightand temperature performance characteristics of greenhouse were analyzed by usingobservational data.
By estimating effective accumulated temperature of greenhouse at different times,the model of the effective accumulated temperature has been built in sunlightgreenhouse. This model can effectively predict the growth period of plant, and willplay an important guiding role in reasonable arrangements for vegetable plantvarieties and planting times in solar greenhouse.
引文
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