河北省设施农业及其灌溉用水的研究
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摘要
设施农业是现代农业的重要组成部分,它通过汇集土地、资金、技术和劳动力等要素,形成了以资金密集、技术密集、劳动力密集为主要特征的集约高效型产业。它有利于缓解农业受自然环境条件制约的脆弱性,可以为市场提供大量的反季节蔬菜,在很大程度上满足了人们多元化、多层次的消费需求。同时还可以提高光热资源利用率、土地资源利用率和水资源利用率,有利于保护农业生态环境。对于保障农产品有效供给,促进农业发展及农民增收起到了很大作用。
河北省设施农业自80年代以来发展迅猛,到目前为止,已经成为了全国设施蔬菜生产及其产品供应的大省,为丰富京津及全国人民的“菜篮子”做出了突出贡献。然而在30多年的发展历程中,设施农业在棚室结构等各方面都发生了很大的变化,但目前的研究仅局限于某一方面的研究,并没有对其发展变化的这一过程进行过系统的总结,特别是把棚室结构、灌水方式和灌水效率的发展变化情况综合起来考虑还缺乏系统的研究和总结。因此,通过调研与归纳总结,本文明确了河北省设施农业从各个方面发展变化的历程,以期使我们能够对其发展变化过程有更加清晰的认识,然后在此基础上对今后设施农业的发展面积进行预测,本文主要从以下几个方面进行分析研究:(1)通过分析河北省自然环境和设施内环境的特征,以气候条件为主要考虑因素,将河北省设施农业分为两个区:冀中南地区和冀北地区。并分别从设施结构类型、屋面角度、墙体宽度、种植模式的角度对两个区的设施发展变化过程进行系统的研究。(2)研究总结了河北省设施灌水方式的发展过程,结合河北省实际发展现状,选取低压管灌和膜下滴灌为典型灌溉模式,从节水量和水分生产效率增加量的角度对其灌水效益进行分析计算。(3)统计了2000-2008年各区不同类型设施面积,并对各区的设施面积发展进行分析,总结其发展规律。最后,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了不同发展年各区设施农业的发展面积。
Facility agriculture is an important part of modern agriculture,which formed an efficient and intensive industry with technology-intensive,labor intensive as the main characteristics,by using land,fund,technology and labor.It can help alleviate agriculture vulnerability led to the restriction of natural environment,provide a lot of vegetables in counter-season to the market,and also can largely satisfy the people diversified and multi-level consumer needs.At the same time,it improves the heat resources utilization,land resource utilization and the water resource utilization,in favor of protecting agricultural ecological environment.So,facility agriculture plays a significant role in ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products and promoting agricultural development and increase farmers' income.
Since the 80s,facility agriculture in Hebei province has developed rapidly.So far,it has become the important province with facility vegetables production and supply of products,making a significant contribution to enrich "vegetable basket" project of Beijing -Tianjin and the whole country.During the 30 years development history,the facility agriculture have changed a lot in many aspects of greenhouse structure.While the present study is only confined to a specific aspect,and the changing and developing process is not summarized systematically , especially lack of system research and summarize in considering the greenhouse structure , irrigation method and irrigation efficiency.Therefore,this paper make clear of each aspect of the facility agriculture development process in Hebei province according to the investigation and summarization,and make us understand the development process clearly,then the development of facility agriculture area in the future is forecasted.The main work is introduced as followings:(1) Take natural climate environment as the main consideration,this paper divide Hebei province into two areas based on the analyzing of the natural environment and environment in facilities: the midland and southern land,northern land.And the two facilities development process is analyzed and summarized from the facility structure types,roof angle,wall width and planting mode.(2) The irrigation facilities development process in Hebei province is studied and analyzed.Considering the practical present development of Hebei province,the low pressure pipe lines for water conveyance irrigation and drip irrigation under the film are selected as typical irrigation mode.Irrigation benefit is analyzed and calculated from the water-saving amount and water productive efficiency.(3) The different types facility areas is counted from 2000 to 2008,and the facility area development is analyzed and summarized.Finally,the facility agriculture areas of every district in developing year is forecasted with grey GM (1,1) model.
河北省设施农业自80年代以来发展迅猛,到目前为止,已经成为了全国设施蔬菜生产及其产品供应的大省,为丰富京津及全国人民的“菜篮子”做出了突出贡献。然而在30多年的发展历程中,设施农业在棚室结构等各方面都发生了很大的变化,但目前的研究仅局限于某一方面的研究,并没有对其发展变化的这一过程进行过系统的总结,特别是把棚室结构、灌水方式和灌水效率的发展变化情况综合起来考虑还缺乏系统的研究和总结。因此,通过调研与归纳总结,本文明确了河北省设施农业从各个方面发展变化的历程,以期使我们能够对其发展变化过程有更加清晰的认识,然后在此基础上对今后设施农业的发展面积进行预测,本文主要从以下几个方面进行分析研究:(1)通过分析河北省自然环境和设施内环境的特征,以气候条件为主要考虑因素,将河北省设施农业分为两个区:冀中南地区和冀北地区。并分别从设施结构类型、屋面角度、墙体宽度、种植模式的角度对两个区的设施发展变化过程进行系统的研究。(2)研究总结了河北省设施灌水方式的发展过程,结合河北省实际发展现状,选取低压管灌和膜下滴灌为典型灌溉模式,从节水量和水分生产效率增加量的角度对其灌水效益进行分析计算。(3)统计了2000-2008年各区不同类型设施面积,并对各区的设施面积发展进行分析,总结其发展规律。最后,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了不同发展年各区设施农业的发展面积。
Facility agriculture is an important part of modern agriculture,which formed an efficient and intensive industry with technology-intensive,labor intensive as the main characteristics,by using land,fund,technology and labor.It can help alleviate agriculture vulnerability led to the restriction of natural environment,provide a lot of vegetables in counter-season to the market,and also can largely satisfy the people diversified and multi-level consumer needs.At the same time,it improves the heat resources utilization,land resource utilization and the water resource utilization,in favor of protecting agricultural ecological environment.So,facility agriculture plays a significant role in ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products and promoting agricultural development and increase farmers' income.
Since the 80s,facility agriculture in Hebei province has developed rapidly.So far,it has become the important province with facility vegetables production and supply of products,making a significant contribution to enrich "vegetable basket" project of Beijing -Tianjin and the whole country.During the 30 years development history,the facility agriculture have changed a lot in many aspects of greenhouse structure.While the present study is only confined to a specific aspect,and the changing and developing process is not summarized systematically , especially lack of system research and summarize in considering the greenhouse structure , irrigation method and irrigation efficiency.Therefore,this paper make clear of each aspect of the facility agriculture development process in Hebei province according to the investigation and summarization,and make us understand the development process clearly,then the development of facility agriculture area in the future is forecasted.The main work is introduced as followings:(1) Take natural climate environment as the main consideration,this paper divide Hebei province into two areas based on the analyzing of the natural environment and environment in facilities: the midland and southern land,northern land.And the two facilities development process is analyzed and summarized from the facility structure types,roof angle,wall width and planting mode.(2) The irrigation facilities development process in Hebei province is studied and analyzed.Considering the practical present development of Hebei province,the low pressure pipe lines for water conveyance irrigation and drip irrigation under the film are selected as typical irrigation mode.Irrigation benefit is analyzed and calculated from the water-saving amount and water productive efficiency.(3) The different types facility areas is counted from 2000 to 2008,and the facility area development is analyzed and summarized.Finally,the facility agriculture areas of every district in developing year is forecasted with grey GM (1,1) model.
引文
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[3]薛占军,任士福,高志奎等.山地日光温室采光性能的优型设计研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2011,34(5):42-46.
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[10]李有,张述景,王谦等.日光温室采光面三效率计算模式及其优化选择研究[J].生物数学学报,2001,16(2):198-203.
[11]裴先文,史为民,曲良举等.南疆巴州地区日光温室前屋面优化设计研究[J].北方园艺,2010(16):63-66.
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