自尊与内隐、外显心理健康的关系研究
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摘要
本研究的主要目的在于(1)探索中国文化背景下常人对心理健康的朴素的认知和评价,并据此编制心理健康自评问卷(MHRQ);(2)建构内隐心理健康与外显心理健康之间的关系模型;(3)探讨内隐、外显自尊与内隐、外显心理健康的关系。
研究首先通过扎根理论研究方法对搜集的资料进行整理分析,并编制了心理健康自评问卷(MHRQ);其次,运用问卷调查和内隐联想测验(IAT)对大学生的内隐、外显自尊和内隐、外显心理健康进行调查,旨在探讨自尊与心理健康的关系。研究发现:
(1)内隐心理健康观包括七个层面:达观、坚韧、勤勉、融洽、习性、快活、聪慧;据此编制的心理健康自评问卷(MHRQ)及其七个分量表具有良好的信、效度;
(2)内隐心理健康和外显心理健康两者相对独立,是心理健康的两个不同层面;
(3)内隐自尊和外显自尊之间存在低相关,两者相对独立;
(4)内隐自尊与内隐心理健康呈显著正相关,外显自尊与外显心理健康呈显著正相关;
(5)具有不同自尊分离状况的被试,其内隐心理健康、外显心理健康都存在显著差异。
本研究建构了内隐心理健康和外显心理健康之间的关系模型,并对内隐、外显自尊与内隐、外显心理健康的关系进行了探索,拓展了心理健康的研究领域。
The purpose of this study is to (1) explore the understanding of normal people to mental health, and develop the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) according to it; (2) construct the relationship model between implicit health and explicit mental health; (3) discuss the relationship of implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health.
First, with using grounded theory, implicit mental health theory and the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) were developed based on much information about normal people’s understanding of mental health;Secondly, the relationship among implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health of college students were studied by the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) and Implicit Association Test (IAT). Some important conclusions were suggested:
(1) Implicit mental health conception includes seven factors and MHRQ has good reliability and validity;
(2) Mental health consists of dual components which are implicit mental health and explicit mental health;
(3) It has low correlation between implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem;
(4) Implicit self-esteem is positively related to implicit mental health, and explicit self-esteem is positively related to explicit mental health;
(5) The discrepancy of implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem markedly related to implicit, explicit mental health.
This study extended the research field of mental health by constructing the relationship model between implicit health and explicit mental health and exploring the relationship of implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health.
研究首先通过扎根理论研究方法对搜集的资料进行整理分析,并编制了心理健康自评问卷(MHRQ);其次,运用问卷调查和内隐联想测验(IAT)对大学生的内隐、外显自尊和内隐、外显心理健康进行调查,旨在探讨自尊与心理健康的关系。研究发现:
(1)内隐心理健康观包括七个层面:达观、坚韧、勤勉、融洽、习性、快活、聪慧;据此编制的心理健康自评问卷(MHRQ)及其七个分量表具有良好的信、效度;
(2)内隐心理健康和外显心理健康两者相对独立,是心理健康的两个不同层面;
(3)内隐自尊和外显自尊之间存在低相关,两者相对独立;
(4)内隐自尊与内隐心理健康呈显著正相关,外显自尊与外显心理健康呈显著正相关;
(5)具有不同自尊分离状况的被试,其内隐心理健康、外显心理健康都存在显著差异。
本研究建构了内隐心理健康和外显心理健康之间的关系模型,并对内隐、外显自尊与内隐、外显心理健康的关系进行了探索,拓展了心理健康的研究领域。
The purpose of this study is to (1) explore the understanding of normal people to mental health, and develop the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) according to it; (2) construct the relationship model between implicit health and explicit mental health; (3) discuss the relationship of implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health.
First, with using grounded theory, implicit mental health theory and the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) were developed based on much information about normal people’s understanding of mental health;Secondly, the relationship among implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health of college students were studied by the Mental Health Rating Questionnaire (MHRQ) and Implicit Association Test (IAT). Some important conclusions were suggested:
(1) Implicit mental health conception includes seven factors and MHRQ has good reliability and validity;
(2) Mental health consists of dual components which are implicit mental health and explicit mental health;
(3) It has low correlation between implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem;
(4) Implicit self-esteem is positively related to implicit mental health, and explicit self-esteem is positively related to explicit mental health;
(5) The discrepancy of implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem markedly related to implicit, explicit mental health.
This study extended the research field of mental health by constructing the relationship model between implicit health and explicit mental health and exploring the relationship of implicit, explicit self-esteem and implicit, explicit mental health.
引文
1、边玉芳,藤春燕. 教师心理健康内隐观研究. 心理科学,2003,26(3):483-486.
2、蔡华俭,杨治良. 大学生性别自我概念的结构. 心理学报, 2002,34(2):168-174.
3、蔡华俭. 内隐自尊的作用机制及特性研究. 华东师范大学 2002 年博士学位论文.
4、蔡华俭. 内隐自尊效应及内隐自尊与外显自尊的关系. 心理学报,2003,(6):796-801.
5、蔡华俭. 外显自尊、内隐自尊与抑郁的关系. 中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17,(5):331-336.
6、陈红花,张力为. 内容与方法:内隐自尊的探索与问题. 天津体育学院学报,2006,21,(1):49-52.
7、付春江. 轻度抑郁者内隐自尊、外显自尊的实验研究. 江西师范大学 2005 年硕士学位论文.
8、耿晓伟. 中国文化中自尊结构的内隐社会认知研究. 心理科学,2005,28(2):379-382.
9、耿晓伟. 自尊、自我概念对主观幸福感影响的内隐社会认知研究. 浙江大学 2005年硕士学位论文.
10、何心展,陈传锋,沈斌表.不同阶层心理健康观念及需求状况的调查研究. 应用心理学, 2002,8(2):35-38.
12、江光荣. 关于心理健康标准研究的理论分析. 教育研究与实验,1996,4:48-52.
13、金德初. 精神健康的生存标准和发展标准——兼对卡特尔 16 种人格因素作全面的精神健康评估. 心理科学,1993,16(2):253-255.
14、金勇,郭力平.心理健康观的历史演进. 心理科学,1998,5:465-466.
15、李风. 大学生人格特质对心理健康观的影响.上海师范大学 2004 年硕士学位论文.
16、李国榕,杨昭宁. 评人本主义心理健康观. 中国心理卫生杂志,1988,2(6):277-279.
17、李虹. 心理健康的测量:自尊量表和情感量表的比较. 心理发展与教育,2004,2:75-79.
18、李凌,缪小春. “中小学生心理健康”公众观的调查和分析. 心理科学,2000,23,(5):537-542.
19、李寿欣,张秀敏. 中西方关于心理健康标准问题的探讨及对我们的启示. 心理学探新,2001,21(3):47-50.
20、李晓东,袁东华. 内隐自尊与外显自尊对自我妨碍的影响. 心理科学,2004,27(6):1337-1339.
21、李雪平. 关于心理健康结构维度的研究及理论构想. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,5:79-81.
22、刘华山. 心理健康概念与标准的再认识. 心理科学,2001,24(4):481-482.
23、刘艳. 关于“心理健康”的概念辨析. 教育研究与实验,1996,(3):46-48.
24、钱铭怡,肖广兰. 青少年心理健康水平、自我效能、自尊和父母教养方式的相关研究. 心理科学,l998,(6):553-555.
25、钱铭怡,黄学军,肖广兰. 羞耻感与父母教养方式、自尊、成就动机、心理控制源的相关研究. 中国临床心理学杂志,l999(3):147-l49.
26、强海滨. 庄子心理健康思想研究. 陕西师范大学 2001 年硕士学位论文.
27、桑标,宋志虹. 上海公众心理健康观的初步调查研究. 心理科学, 1998,21(5):407-412.
28、申继亮,洪君页,彭华茂. 中学教师关于学生心理健康标准的内隐认识. 教育研究与实验,2001,3:54-59.
29、田宏碧,陈家麟. 中国大陆心理健康标准研究十年的述评. 心理科学,2003,26(4):704-708.
30、田宏碧. 整合范式下的心理健康标准研究. 扬州大学 2003 年硕士学位论文.
31、王卫兵. 大学生网球运动员的内隐自尊_自我妨碍与运动表现的关系研究. 武汉体育学院 2006 年硕士学位论文.
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33、魏运华. 学校因素对少年儿童自尊发展影响的研究. 心里发展与教育,1998,2:12-16.
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35、席明静. 抑郁症患者内隐自尊及其稳定性的研究. 河北师范大学 2006 年硕士学位论文.
36、许明智. 心理健康量表的编制和信效度分析. 中南大学 2003 年博士学位论文
37、叶元辉. 心理健康标准研究现状反思. 福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,2:138-141
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2、蔡华俭,杨治良. 大学生性别自我概念的结构. 心理学报, 2002,34(2):168-174.
3、蔡华俭. 内隐自尊的作用机制及特性研究. 华东师范大学 2002 年博士学位论文.
4、蔡华俭. 内隐自尊效应及内隐自尊与外显自尊的关系. 心理学报,2003,(6):796-801.
5、蔡华俭. 外显自尊、内隐自尊与抑郁的关系. 中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17,(5):331-336.
6、陈红花,张力为. 内容与方法:内隐自尊的探索与问题. 天津体育学院学报,2006,21,(1):49-52.
7、付春江. 轻度抑郁者内隐自尊、外显自尊的实验研究. 江西师范大学 2005 年硕士学位论文.
8、耿晓伟. 中国文化中自尊结构的内隐社会认知研究. 心理科学,2005,28(2):379-382.
9、耿晓伟. 自尊、自我概念对主观幸福感影响的内隐社会认知研究. 浙江大学 2005年硕士学位论文.
10、何心展,陈传锋,沈斌表.不同阶层心理健康观念及需求状况的调查研究. 应用心理学, 2002,8(2):35-38.
12、江光荣. 关于心理健康标准研究的理论分析. 教育研究与实验,1996,4:48-52.
13、金德初. 精神健康的生存标准和发展标准——兼对卡特尔 16 种人格因素作全面的精神健康评估. 心理科学,1993,16(2):253-255.
14、金勇,郭力平.心理健康观的历史演进. 心理科学,1998,5:465-466.
15、李风. 大学生人格特质对心理健康观的影响.上海师范大学 2004 年硕士学位论文.
16、李国榕,杨昭宁. 评人本主义心理健康观. 中国心理卫生杂志,1988,2(6):277-279.
17、李虹. 心理健康的测量:自尊量表和情感量表的比较. 心理发展与教育,2004,2:75-79.
18、李凌,缪小春. “中小学生心理健康”公众观的调查和分析. 心理科学,2000,23,(5):537-542.
19、李寿欣,张秀敏. 中西方关于心理健康标准问题的探讨及对我们的启示. 心理学探新,2001,21(3):47-50.
20、李晓东,袁东华. 内隐自尊与外显自尊对自我妨碍的影响. 心理科学,2004,27(6):1337-1339.
21、李雪平. 关于心理健康结构维度的研究及理论构想. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,5:79-81.
22、刘华山. 心理健康概念与标准的再认识. 心理科学,2001,24(4):481-482.
23、刘艳. 关于“心理健康”的概念辨析. 教育研究与实验,1996,(3):46-48.
24、钱铭怡,肖广兰. 青少年心理健康水平、自我效能、自尊和父母教养方式的相关研究. 心理科学,l998,(6):553-555.
25、钱铭怡,黄学军,肖广兰. 羞耻感与父母教养方式、自尊、成就动机、心理控制源的相关研究. 中国临床心理学杂志,l999(3):147-l49.
26、强海滨. 庄子心理健康思想研究. 陕西师范大学 2001 年硕士学位论文.
27、桑标,宋志虹. 上海公众心理健康观的初步调查研究. 心理科学, 1998,21(5):407-412.
28、申继亮,洪君页,彭华茂. 中学教师关于学生心理健康标准的内隐认识. 教育研究与实验,2001,3:54-59.
29、田宏碧,陈家麟. 中国大陆心理健康标准研究十年的述评. 心理科学,2003,26(4):704-708.
30、田宏碧. 整合范式下的心理健康标准研究. 扬州大学 2003 年硕士学位论文.
31、王卫兵. 大学生网球运动员的内隐自尊_自我妨碍与运动表现的关系研究. 武汉体育学院 2006 年硕士学位论文.
32、王学峰. 大学生的心理健康观及其与自身心理健康状况、人格特征的相关研究. 西南师范大学 2001 年硕士学位论文.
33、魏运华. 学校因素对少年儿童自尊发展影响的研究. 心里发展与教育,1998,2:12-16.
34、吴波. 心理健康标准的质疑. 河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(2): 34-37.
35、席明静. 抑郁症患者内隐自尊及其稳定性的研究. 河北师范大学 2006 年硕士学位论文.
36、许明智. 心理健康量表的编制和信效度分析. 中南大学 2003 年博士学位论文
37、叶元辉. 心理健康标准研究现状反思. 福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,2:138-141
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